层状液晶模板法制备球形纳米氧化锆

以氯氧化锆及氨水为原材料,采用Triton X-100/SDS/H_2O体系为模板制备球形纳米氧化锆,探讨了反应物加入对模板稳定性的影响,考察了反应物浓度对纳米粉体粒径及形貌的影响。分别采用偏光显微镜、粒度分析仪、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TG分析不同反应条件下所得到粉体的物相、形貌、比表面积及前驱体的热分解特征。实验结果表明,反应物浓度影响模板稳定性,同时影响所制备的纳米粉体的粒径及形貌;在确定的工艺条件下可制备粒径为15~30 nm的单分散的球形立方相氧化锆粉体。     

喷雾热解法制备ITO粉体的研究

以InCl_3·4H_2O和SnCl_2·2H_2O为原料、水为溶剂溶解作为前驱体溶液,采用微波管式炉加热联合超声波喷雾热解法制备得到ITO粉体。实验研究了不同微波热解温度和添加无水乙醇对ITO产品的微观形貌的影响,利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM对样品的结构特征和微观形貌进行了表征分析。研究结果表明,合适的前驱液浓度、适宜的温度和适当的添加剂是影响氧化铟锡(ITO)粉体形貌的关键因素。得到粒径较小、分散性好和形貌呈球形的超细粉体的最佳条件为温度650℃,浓度0.01 mol/L,酒精加入量为30%,滤网加入200目。     

微波-超声波喷雾热解法制备超细球形ITO粉体的研究

以InCl_3·4H_2O和SnCl_2·2H_2O为原料,水为溶剂溶解作为前驱体溶液,采用微波管式炉加热联合超声波喷雾热解法制备得到ITO粉体。实验研究了不同微波热解温度和添加柠檬酸对ITO产品的微观形貌的影响,利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM对样品的结构特征和微观形貌进行了表征分析。研究结果表明,前驱液浓度、温度和添加剂是影响氧化铟锡(ITO)粉体形貌的关键因素。得到粒径较小、分散性好和形貌呈球形的超细粉体的最佳条件为:温度650℃,前驱体原溶液浓度0.01mol/L,柠檬酸浓度0.004mol/L,载气速率0.6L/min,加入200目滤网。     

均相沉淀-发泡法制备纳米氧化锆材料的研究

以ZrOCl2·8H2O和尿素为原料,利用均相沉淀发泡工艺制备出了纳米氧化锆粉体材料,并用差热热重(DTATG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面和孔隙度(ASAP)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法对样品进行了表征。结果表明,在600℃下焙烧的氧化锆样品为纯度较高的纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体,属于介孔材料,氧化锆粉体粒度较均匀、分散性好且平均粒径约为5nm。     

纳米BaO·3B2O3·4H2O∶Eu3+红色荧光粉的制备及发光性能研究

利用水热法制备了球状和不规则片状的纳米新型水合硼酸盐基质荧光粉(BaO·3B_2O_3·4H_2O∶Eu~(3+)),对它们进行了化学分析、EDS、XRD、FT-IR、SEM、TG-DTG-DTA等表征。此外,对比了基质和掺杂后样品的物相和形貌,研究了两种形貌BaO·3B_2O_3·4H_2O∶Eu~(3+)的发光性能。结果表明,Eu~(3+)的掺入对其物相和形貌影响较小。研究发现形貌对产品的激发峰位置有一定的影响,对产品的发射峰位置基本没有影响,最高发射峰都位于λ=617nm;但对发射峰强度影响较大,且球状产品的发射峰强度强于片状的产品。研究结果还发现,形貌对产品的Eu~(3+)淬灭浓度影响小,但对产品的红橙比有一定的影响,片状BaO·3B_2O_3·4H_2O∶Eu~(3+)的平均红橙比更高。对比还发现,制备产品的色纯度高于部分无水硼酸盐基质荧光粉。     

模板剂对Sm2O3微晶的生长及光学性能的影响

以SmCl3·6H2O和NaOH为主要原料,异丙醇为溶剂,借助不同模板剂对Sm2O3微晶进行可控合成。在200℃溶剂热条件下反应48h后得到前驱体,经800℃热处理1h后制得了不同结构和形貌的Sm2O3微晶。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Lambda 950分光光度计分别对产物的物相、形貌和光学性能进行表征,并研究了不同模板剂对产物的物相、形貌及光学性能的影响。结果表明,不同模板剂对产物的结构、尺寸及性能产生不同的影响。以CTAB作为模板剂时,制备了含有立方相和单斜相两相的、六方片状结构的Sm2O3微晶,其禁带宽度为4.828eV。     

高温气-固反应水解制备八面体形四氧化三钴粉末

提出了一种以CoCl2·xH2O为原料,高温气.固反应水解制备四氧化三钴粉末的新方法,实验考察了反应温度、氯化钴结晶水含量及惰性分散介质的添加对产物的影响.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、激光粒度分析对样品的物相、形貌、粒度等进行了表征.结果表明:制备的粉末颗粒由{111}晶面所包围,呈八面体形貌,粒度在亚微米至微米级;反应温度越高,产物粒子的粒径越大;以CoCl2·2H2O为原料制备的粉末粒径分布范围较窄;惰性分散介质的添加改善了粉末的单分散性.简要分析了形成八面体形貌的原因及各因素对粉末形貌与粒度的影响.     

生物模板法制备微纳米二氧化锡

以SnCl4.5H2O为起始原料,采用不同的生物模板(定量滤纸、鸡蛋内膜),通过浸渍和煅烧,在常压空气气氛中成功地制备出具有不同生物形态的微纳米SnO2。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征样品的相组成和微观结构。结果表明:两种模板所制得的产物纯度很高,且很好地复制了原模板的形貌。同时,研究了制备条件诸如煅烧温度和反应物浓度对产物结构、形貌和尺度的影响,并初步探讨了不同生物形态的微纳米SnO2形成的机理。     

Mg^2+掺杂对Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2正极材料性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用燃烧合成法,制备Mg^2+掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2。通过X射线衍射仪、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜对所制备样品分别进行物相结构和形貌表征,并测试其电化学性能。结果表明:所制备样品具有良好的六方层状结构,粉体呈类球形形貌。通过Mg^2+掺杂,能够有效提高Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2材料的首次库仑效率、循环稳定性和高倍率容量。当Mg^2+掺杂量为0.02时,电池样品表现出良好的电化学性能。     

三乙醇胺-水溶液介质水热合成纳米四方相氧化锆粉体

以氨水为沉淀剂，将其缓慢滴加至氧氯化锆和硝酸钇混合溶液制备氧化锆前驱体；以有机溶剂三乙醇胺为矿化剂，水热晶化制备纳米四方相氧化锆。着重研究了水热温度、时间、矿化剂浓度对粉体结晶性能、分散性、粒径、形貌的影响，通过XRD、TEM对粉体进行表征。结果表明，通过选择适当的条件，可制得分散性良好、粒径分布窄的四方相纳米氧化锆；...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.