SiC掺杂对MgB2/Fe超导线材临界电流密度和显微结构的影响

利用原位粉末套管法制备出SiC微粉掺杂的MgB2-x(SiC)x2／Fe(z=0．00、0．05、0．10、0．20)超导线材。在750℃,流通高纯氩气的条件下热处理1h后,大部分SiC没有参与取代B位的反应。随着x的增大,线材中非超导相SiC和Mg的含量增加,MgB2的平均晶粒尺寸变小,从而使可作为磁通钉扎中心的晶界的面积相应增加。在外加磁场中,MgB2超导线材的临界电流密度(Jc)随x增大逐步升高,至x=0．10时Jc性能最好,其在6K,5T时的Jc达到了8480A／cm^2,比未掺杂线材的Jc高出约70％。但是,当x=0．20时,Jc却有所下降。Jc的这种变化规律与SiC掺杂引起的MgB2晶粒变小,以及非超导相物质含量之间的相互平衡有关,其中MgB2晶粒变小是Jc提高的主要原因。     

电子束退火制备二硼化镁超导薄膜的可行性研究

提出了电子束退火制备MgB2超导薄膜新工艺。在对电子束退火制备MgB2超导薄膜可行性进行理论研究的基础上,使用EBW-6型电子束热处理设备,在真空度5.0×10-3Pa、加速电压40 kV、束流2mA、束斑14.2mm、退火时间1.5 s的条件下对[B(10 nm)/Mg(15 nm)]4/SiC夹层结构前驱膜进行了退火实验,得到了零电阻温度为30.3K、转变宽度ΔTc为0.4K、临界电流密度(5 K、0 T)为5.0×106A/cm2、表面平整的MgB2超导薄膜。证明了电子束退火制备MgB2薄膜是切实可行的。该工艺可以推广到大面积MgB2超导薄膜和MgB2线带材的制备。     

纳米Al粉掺杂对MgB2 超导块材超导电性和显微结构影响

以纳米Al粉为掺杂物质，借助超声分散，较好地解决了纳米Al粉的团聚及其与B粉的均匀混合问题，制备出了1mol％、2mol％、5mol％、8mol％纳米Al粉掺杂的MgB2超导块材，并对掺杂效果和机理进行了研究．物相和显微结构分析表明，Al能够替代Mg进入MgB2晶格内，并导致MgB2的晶胞参数a、c逐渐降低，其中c的降低幅度较大．随着Al掺量的增加，MgB2的临界温度疋逐渐降低，由未掺杂时的38．5K降低至掺杂8mol％Al时的35．5K．超导电性研究结果表明，纳米Al粉掺杂，在低温、高场、低掺杂量的条件下可以改善MgB2的超导性能，掺杂量过大反而抑制MgB2的超导性能，2mol％的纳米Al粉掺杂效果最好．     

分步反应法制备SiC掺杂MgB2超导线材的研究

以干燥的B粉和Mg粉为原料,采用分步反应法制备了SiC(40～45μm)掺杂的MgB2/Nb/Cu超导线材.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了在650℃热处理温度下不同掺杂量对所制备样品的相组成、微观结构的影响.采用标准四引线法测定了样品的电阻温度曲线,结果表明,当该工艺第二步热处理温度为650℃时,反应不完全,应适当升高温度;同时高SiC掺杂量有利于在MgB2线材中引入更多B位C掺杂,表现为Tc略有降低,从而提高了其磁通钉扎特性.     

超导MgB_2掺杂及薄膜制备研究进展

综述了MgB2超导体近期的研究成果,介绍了MgB2的电子结构和超导性质以及化学掺杂对MgB2超导性质的影响,认为通过掺杂可以提高MgB2超导材料在高场下的Jc,少量的SiC掺杂可以得到目前最优异的Jc。讨论了制备MgB2超导薄膜的各种方法,发现HPCVD法制备MgB2超导薄膜有巨大的发展空间,并展望了MgB2超导体的应用前景。     

不同剂量和退火条件下Mn^＋注入p-GaN薄膜的电、磁特性研究

对在蓝宝石衬底上MOCVD生长的P型GaN薄膜，用能量为90keV的Mn^＋离子进行室温下的磁性离子注入掺杂，注入剂量为1×10^15～5×10^16cm^-2．对注入的样品在N2气流中经800℃下0～90s时间不等的快速热退火处理．对样品的电、磁特性分析发现在注入剂量较低时（≤1×10^16cm^-2），样品中的强铁磁性对应着高电阻率，弱铁磁性对应着低电阻率；而在5×10Mcm^-2的高注入剂量下则没有这样的规律。通过对退火条件的研究，发现在800℃下退火45s的样品具有较强的铁磁性和较低的电阻率，而退火90s的样品中铁磁性减弱，电阻率升高，揭示出注入剂量和退火条件是在对P型GaN薄膜进行磁性离子注入掺杂过程中的两个重要控制参量．     

我国在二硼化镁线带材制备及其性能研究取得新进展

中科院电工所应用超导重点实验室和日本东北大学等合作,在新型超导材料二硼化镁（MgB2）线带材制备及其性能研究中取得系列新进展。通过对掺杂物以及掺杂机理的分析研究,采用多种有机物对MgB2线带材进行掺杂,大幅度提高了MgB2线带材在高磁场下的临界电流密度,研制出了多种具有国际先进水平的高性能MgB2线带材,如临界电流密度高达10800A／cm^2（4.2K,12T）。     

掺杂和辐照对MgB2超导电性影响的研究进展

分别从掺杂和辐照两个方面论述了改善MgB2超导电性的研究进展.研究发现:虽然只有少数掺杂物可以提高MgB2的临界转变温度,但几乎所有的掺杂都会提高样品的临界电流密度Jc和不可逆场Hirr.在所有的掺杂物中,SiC掺杂取得了最好的效果.另外研究发现,通过一定程度的辐照也可以提高MgB2的超导电性,但辐照存在一个最佳的剂量,过量的辐照会产生破坏作用.     

提高MgB2超导体临界电流密度的研究进展

临界电流是超导体载流能力大小的重要表征,论述了制备工艺、元素掺杂和物理场对MgB2超导体临界电流密度的影响.使用非晶态高纯硼粉制备致密的MgB2试样有利于样品临界电流密度的提高,添加SiC或者Ti也能起到提高临界电流密度的作用,质子照射使MgB2试样在高磁场条件下的临界电流密度增加,强磁场下烧结则有利于提高MgB2样品临界的传输电流密度.     

MgB_2块材的制备及磁通钉扎性能研究进展

金属间化合物二硼化镁(MgB2)超导体被认为是目前最有可能首先实现大规模工业应用的超导材料,尤其在制冷机工作温度(15~20K)、较低磁场(1~2T)条件的医疗核磁共振成像仪(MRI)超导磁体方面有着广阔的应用前景。回顾了MgB2超导块材在制备方面的最新研究进展,同时介绍了化学掺杂及磁通钉扎性能的研究进展;综述了前驱粉的选择、热处理条件、晶粒的连接性等一系列因素对MgB2块材性能的影响。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.