常温下自制功能保鲜袋对火龙果的保鲜效果研究

目的延长火龙果在常温(25±1)℃条件下的货架期。方法使用智能缓释杀菌薄膜和高透气性硅窗薄膜制备多功能集成保鲜袋(AP),并对新鲜火龙果进行保鲜实验。通过对保鲜袋的顶空气体组成、火龙果的硬度、总可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量和维生素C含量的测定,研究AP多功能集成保鲜膜对火龙果的保鲜效果。结果在常温下,裸放火龙果的货架期为6 d,而AP多功能集成保鲜袋内火龙果的货架期可以延长4 d,并且可以较好地保持火龙果的品质。结论 AP膜可有效减缓硬度的降低及水分损失,同时可溶性固含量和总酸值均高于对照组。     

预处理对火龙果热泵干燥品质的影响

目的 寻找合适的预处理方式,从而获得感官评分相对最高的干制品。方法 以干燥速率、体积收缩率、色差、褐变度和感官评分为评价指标,分析烫漂、汽蒸、超声、渗透和冻融等5种预处理方式对火龙果热泵干燥品质的影响。结果 所有经过预处理实验组火龙果的干燥速率和体积收缩率均大于未经预处理对照组火龙果的干燥速率和体积收缩率,其中经过冻融1次预处理的实验组火龙果的干燥速率和体积收缩率相对最大,干燥时间和体积分别减小了76.6%和93.3%;经过醋酸锌(质量分数为0.2%)渗透预处理后实验组火龙果的色差和褐变度相对最小,分别为24.893和17.225;采用模糊综合评价法所得权重集W=(0.23,0.33,0.26,0.18),在权重集的基础上计算可知,醋酸锌(质量分数为0.2%)渗透预处理实验组火龙果的感官评分相对最高,达到71.55。结论 经过醋酸锌(质量分数为0.2%)渗透预处理后火龙果的品质相对最佳。     

贝肉真空冷冻干燥过程的数值计算

本文通过质量和能量衡算，建立了描述冷冻干燥过程的一维非稳态耦合热质传递动力学模型。利用“变时间步长”和“隐式差分”的数值计算方法，将微分方程组的求解化为代数方程组的求解，得出制品升华干燥时间及温度分布情况，并通过实验验证数值解法的可靠程度。计算结果表明，冻结层的有效导热系数远大于干燥层，热量通过冻结层传递到升华界面比通过干燥层快得多。为了证明模型的可行性，实验以7mm的墨西哥湾扇贝柱为研究对象，干燥箱内压力定为10Pa，辐射板温度30℃，搁板温度-22℃。模拟出的升华干燥时间与实验得出的升华干燥时间误差为10％，模拟制品中心温度曲线与实验测得的制品中心温度曲线吻合良好，说明对于形状扁平的水产贝类产品，所选的一维传热模型可以用来预测升华干燥时间。     

2.4GHz无线信道特性在火龙果园的试验与研究

为解决火龙果园无线传感器网络监控系统的规划和布置,研究无线网络射频信号在坡地火龙果园特定环境下的信道传播特性和衰减模型。选用2.4GHz为载波频率,基于ZigBee协议改变通信距离、发射功率、数据包长度、天线高度等多项参数,试验和分析无线信道在约35°坡地果园中的接收信号强度和平均丢包率;建立接收信号强度和环境因子、通信距离间的数学模型;改变试验环境,对比开阔环境和果园环境对无线网络通信质量的影响。试验结果表明:接收信号强度随着通信距离的增加而减小;其平均丢包率随距离增大、作物密度增强、数据包长度增大、天线高度降低而增大;相对于开阔环境,火龙果园会加速信号的衰减、增大平均丢包率。对试验数据进行拟合,并建立其与通信距离间对数数学模型,其r2在0.8889~0.958之间,得出火龙果园信号衰减系数平均为-18.29。     

不同采收时间对火龙果食用及贮藏品质的影响

目的 明确火龙果适宜的采收时间，并探究其贮藏期间果实品质的变化。方法 以火龙果为实验材料，研究不同采收时间(2020年7月2日、8月28日、9月24日和11月12日)及贮藏8 d后果实的食用、生理和营养等品质的变化规律。结果 9月采收的果实的品质和耐贮性最好，适宜鲜果销售或长期贮藏后再销售;7月和8月采收的果实的品质和耐贮性一般，适宜直接鲜果销售或短期贮藏后再销售(或加工);11月采收的果实的品质较差，适宜直接销售或用于产品加工。结论 不同的采收时间会影响火龙果的品质和贮藏效果，这为火龙果贮藏与产品加工提供了理论依据。     

纳他霉素结合ε-聚赖氨酸对火龙果贮藏品质的影响

目的 探究纳他霉素与ε-聚赖氨酸复配对火龙果贮藏品质的协同作用,为火龙果保鲜技术提供参考。方法 以红肉火龙果为材料,采用3个复配浓度(纳他霉素与ε-聚赖氨酸的复配比例为1∶1,质量浓度分别为400、800、1 200 mg/L,分别记作处理1、处理2、处理3)处理火龙果,于温度(25±2)℃、相对湿度(75±5)%下贮藏,对火龙果的感官指标、内容物和抗氧化酶活性的变化进行分析。结果 贮藏0~12 d,与对照组相比,3个处理组的质量损失率明显降低,降低幅度为45.50%~57.06%(P＜0.05);腐烂率明显降低,降低幅度为16.31%~38.30%;硬度和L^*的降低幅度分别为8.88%~21.02%、4.25%~6.24%;可溶性固形物(TSS)含量和呼吸强度的降低幅度分别为3.13%~11.79%、2.41%~46.76%。在贮藏10 d期间,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(19.47%~33.98%);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别显著增加了1.09%~27.59%、1.11%~32.77%。在贮藏8 d内,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加了11.52%~36.19%;在贮藏12 d时,抗坏血酸过氧化氢酶(APX)活性显著提高了1.73%~23.98%。结论 3种处理均可延缓火龙果质量损失率和腐烂率的上升,减缓果皮L^*和硬度的下降速度,降低呼吸强度和MDA含量,提高SOD、CAT、POD、APX活性。其中,处理1(即400 mg/L ε-PL+400 mg/L Natamycin)更好地维持了火龙果的商业品质。     

数值模拟技术及其在塑性成形缺陷预测中的应用

介绍了数值模拟技术的研究进展、优势以及其在材料塑性成形缺陷预测中的应用,分析了数值模拟技术对表面折叠、起皱、裂纹、填充不足等缺陷的预测结果,并指出了缺陷预防措施,展望了数值模拟技术在材料塑性成形缺陷预测中的发展趋势。随着数值模拟技术的快速发展,其必将成为塑性成形缺陷预测中高效实用的预测方法。     

某种钛合金精密成形铸件铸造变形的数值模拟

目的 基于ProCAST，建立钛合金铸件铸造变形的模拟预测方法。方法 以某板状钛合金铸件为例，模拟了充型凝固、型壳内冷却和脱壳后冷却3个过程，并分别对各过程进行了相应假设和参数设置。为验证模拟结果，根据模拟模型设计了浇注验证实验。结果 铸件中间部位向外侧凸起，加强筋部位向内侧凹陷，和实验结果基本一致，变形量预测吻合度在60%~72%之间。结论 通过合理设置模拟流程和材料参数模型，数值模拟可以预测钛合金铸件的变形规律，并为变形量预测提供重要参考。     

干冰升华气顶喷式冷冻室温度场的数值模拟与实验

对用干冰升华气体将长方体冷冻室内的温度控制在-18％下进行了数值模拟和实验。实验结果表明：当冷冻室内部温度场稳定后，除了冷冻室内四周的温度与设定值稍有偏差外（最大偏差为26．73％），其它大部分都在设定的温度范围内，而数值模拟结果又和实验结果较好的吻合（偏差均小于20％）。以上结果表明，采用干冰升华气作为冷冻室的冷源基本上上可行的。此种型式的冷冻装置能够满足食品冷冻、冷藏的要求，也为干冰冷藏箱进一步的优化设计和大型化试验及应用提供了基础。     

钛升华泵

1.引言 在真空系统中,利用钛膜对活性气体进行排气的钛升华泵,操作简便,造价低廉,是一种具有较大抽速,无油污染的泵。因此被广泛地应用。就其应用范围来说,是所有需要清洁的超高真空的装置,不论是蒸镀装置、电子显微镜、加速器、核聚变实验装置,还是空间模拟的排气系统都可使用钛升华泵。 本文将介绍有关钛升华泵在使用上的各种特点,最近使用的蒸发源及其应用的例子。 2.钛升华泵的特点 2·1钛升华泵与其他泵相比的特点 钛升华泵(也叫钛吸附泵),这是一种在真空中将钛膜镇在堆壁上形成吸气面,利用钛活泼的性质进行工作的泵。排气机理主要是利…     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.