富硼渣制备BN-MgAlON复合粉体热力学研究

以富硼渣和炭黑为主要原料,在热力学分析的基础上,采用碳热还原氮化法制备合成了BN-MgAlON复合粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测定了产物的相组成和显微结构,结果表明,在高纯氮气、1480℃保温8h条件下,富硼渣中的B2O3生成BN,MgO,Al2O3反应生成MgAlON相.反应产物的主要成分为MgAlON,Sialon,CaAl4O7,BN,生成的MgAlON为八面体结晶,发育良好.该工艺为富硼渣的综合利用提供了新的途径.     

高能球磨Al-Y203粉体固相反应制备YAG陶瓷的研究

用高纯Al粉体和Y2O3粉体(Al-Y2O3粉体)为原料采用固相反应法制备了YAG陶瓷. Al-Y2O3粉体高能经过球磨,煅烧生成YAG粉体,再真空烧结制备高致密YAG陶瓷.采用DTA-TG对球磨Al-Y2O3粉体进行分析,采用XRD、SEM对球磨的Al-Y2O3粉体、YAG粉体及YAG陶瓷进行了表征.实验表明:Al-Y2O3粉体在～569℃时,Al粉强烈氧化,并与Y2O3粉反应,600℃煅烧出现YAM相,随煅烧温度升高出现YAP相,1200℃煅烧生成YAG粉体.成型YAG素坯在1750℃保温2h真空烧结出YAG相陶瓷,YAG陶瓷相对密度可达98.6%,晶粒生长均匀,晶粒尺寸为8～10μm.     

利用富硼渣合成MgAlON基复相粉体

以富硼渣为主要原料,碳黑作还原剂,用硅灰和Al(OH)3调整成分,采用碳热还原氮化法合成MgAlON基复合粉体。通过XRD、SEM等检测手段研究了配料中配碳量、MgO添加量对反应过程及产物的影响。结果表明,理论配碳量为比较合适的配碳量;随着配料中MgO含量的增加,产物中MgAlON的含量也逐渐上升,x值为4.5是比较合适的MgO加入量,继续增加MgO含量,MgAlON的含量变化不大,SiAl6O2N6逐渐减少,而CaAl4O7和BN逐渐增加。     

低温制备微晶Al2O3-MgAlON复合材料的反应机理

采用热压烧结,以Al、Al2O3、MgO为原料,在850℃制备微晶Al2O3-MgAlON复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、粒度分析等表征手段对所制备的MgAlON刚玉复合材料进行机理研究发现:在压力存在的情况下,熔融的铝在低温反应过程中对物质的传输和反应的进行起到了"通道"作用,从而使反应能在较低的温度下顺利进行,并使MgAlON的晶粒随温度的升高不断长大。     

Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2（3Y）层状纳米复合材料的制备与性能优化

为优化Al2O3层状复合材料的制备工艺及力学性能,选用不同初始粉体为原料制备了系列Al2O3/Al2O3-ZrO2(3Y)层状复合材料。借助X射线衍射、冷场发射扫描电镜和万能试验机等手段,系统考察了粉体结构和形貌对层状复合材料显微结构和性能的影响。结果表明:初始粉体的颗粒尺寸及尺寸分布会显著影响层状复合材料的显微结构及力学性能,以球磨微-纳米复合粉体为原料制备的层状复合材料具有最佳的力学性能,其抗弯强度和断裂功分别可达740MPa及3892J.m-2。同时,材料具有较高的层间结合强度,平行于层方向的抗弯强度高达436MPa。     

Al2O3微粉的表面改性及表征

以α—Al2O3微粉为基体，Y(NO3)3溶液为包裹相，采用液相包裹法进行加钇颗粒表面改性。获得了表面均匀包裹Y2O3的α—Al2O3粉体。将此粉体与Al合金复合制备复合材料，复合材料组织更加均匀，对材料进行力学性能测试，结果表明：改性粉体对Al合金增强效果明显增加，抗拉强度提高27．2％，屈服强度提高33．1％，延伸率提高10．3％。     

工艺参数对富硼渣合成(Ca,Mg)α′-Sialon-AlN-BN的影响

以富硼渣、硅灰、高铝钒土熟料和碳黑为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法合成了(Ca,Mg)α-′Sialon-AlN-BN陶瓷粉体。采用XRD、SEM和EDX对合成粉体的相组成、显微形貌进行表征分析。研究了合成温度和恒温时间对反应过程的影响,并对合成机理进行了探讨。结果表明:合成温度对粉体的合成过程影响显著,随着温度升高,产物中(Ca,Mg)α-′Sialon相含量增大,1480℃时(Ca,Mg)α-′Sialon含量达最大,是最佳的合成温度。恒温时间对产物相组成的影响也很明显,4h以下,产物含有较多的中间过渡相,较长的恒温时间可使还原氮化反应进行得更充分,恒温8h的试样中α-′Sialon含量最高,是较理想的恒温时间。合成过程中SiO的挥发导致试样较大的质量损失,且随着合成温度升高和恒温时间延长而增大。     

富硼渣钠化法制备硼砂的实验研究

采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)方法分析表明,富硼渣中的硼组分主要以Mg2B2O5形式存在,而钠化渣中的硼组分以Na4B2O5和NaBO2晶相形式析出.为提取富硼渣中的硼,考察了热处理温度、碳酸钠加入量、热处理时间、水浸温度等因素对钠化渣中硼浸出率的影响.同时考察了富硼渣中w(Al2O3)、w(CaO)、w(B2O3)、m...     

微波辐照对制备Y_3Al_5O_(12)纳米粉体的影响

利用微波均相沉淀法成功制备了纳米级Y3Al5O12粉体。利用XRD技术分析了Y3Al5O12前驱体煅烧过程的物相变化,利用TEM对Y3Al5O12前驱体形貌进行了表征。结果表明:微波辐照能够在低尿素含量(25:1)的条件下,合成单相Y3Al5O12粉体,大大降低了尿素的用量;纯Y3Al5O12相的形成温度有了很大程度的降低,使得合成的前驱体在900℃下煅烧直接生成Y3Al5O12单相粉体;同时发现在密闭条件下的微波特殊效应与非密闭条件下相比具有更好的效果。     

Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能及热传导的影响

在微米氮化铝粉体中添加含量为4%的Y2O3和不同含量的纳米AlN粉体制备氮化铝陶瓷,研究了Y2O3和纳米AlN协同作用对微米氮化铝陶瓷烧结性能和热传导性能的影响。结果表明,Y2O3优先与纳米AlN粉体表面的Al2O3反应生成活性较高的第二相Al5Y3O12,相比于Y2O3与微米AlN粉体表面Al2O3反应生成的Al5Y3O12,具有更低的熔化温度及更好的流动性;同时,纳米AlN粉体的高比表面能也促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密化进程。二者的协同作用有效地促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密烧结,改善第二相的微观分布,从而能在较低的烧结温度下获得具有较高热导率的氮化铝陶瓷。当Y2O3和纳米AlN粉体的添加量(质量分数)分别为4%和1.5%时,在1800℃烧结得到的氮化铝陶瓷密度为3.26 g·cm-3,第二相以连续相的形式分布于氮化铝晶界处,热导率为151.75 W/(m.K)。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.