用等离子体技术制备凹印版材耐磨层

用电镀法制备凹印版材存在环境污染严重、成本高等缺点,为此研究用等离子体表面镀膜层替代电镀法制备凹印版材的新工艺.利用等离子体磁控溅射、多弧离子镀和离子束辅助沉积技术在镍基表面制备了硬质铬薄膜.研究表明,本法制备的薄膜表面致密均匀,中间有过渡层的离子束辅助沉积层表面显微硬度为800～1100 HV,磁控溅射的为300～400 HV,多弧离子镀的为600～800 HV,多弧离子镀和离子束辅助沉积层表面显微硬度接近于电镀法(700～1 100 HV).划痕试验表明,制备的薄膜与基体结合力均在5 N左右,凹版电子束辅助沉积铬后表面光滑,网点线条清晰,粗细均匀,可替代电镀法凹印版材.     

TC4钛合金表面电弧离子镀TiN/CrN纳米多层薄膜研究

用电弧离子镀技术在TC4钛合金基体上通过改变偏压制备了4组TiN/CrN薄膜,对薄膜的表面形貌、厚度、相结构、硬度、膜基结合力和摩擦系数等组织、性能进行了测试表征。结果表明,薄膜是由TiN相和CrN交替叠加构成的纳米多层薄膜,薄膜的调制周期为60 nm,总的厚度约为480 nm。与基体钛合金相比,镀膜后样品的表面性能与偏压幅值密切相关并有显著提高:显微硬度从基体的3 GPa提高到16.5~24.7 GPa;摩擦系数从基体的0.35大幅度降低到0.14~0.17;薄膜与基体结合牢固,膜基临界载荷在60~80N之间。经电弧离子镀TiN/CrN纳米多层薄膜处理后,TC4钛合金可以满足沙粒和尘埃磨损条件下的耐磨性能要求。     

MoS2/Zr复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用新型中频磁控溅射技术及多弧离子镀相结合的复合镀膜工艺，在硬质合金YT14基体上制备了MoS2／Zr复合薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）考察MoS2／Zr复合薄膜表面及截面的形貌，利用能谱分析（EDX）薄膜的成分组成。测试涂层的厚度、显微硬度及涂层与基体之间的结合力等性能参数。结果表明：制备的MoS2／Zr复合薄膜结构致密，结合力约为60N，厚度约为2．6μm，硬度约为HV800。     

Cr及Cr-Ni掺杂对不同偏压下TiAlN薄膜性能的影响

为了使4Cr13不锈钢表面性能得到更好的优化和获得镀膜最佳的偏压工艺,在不同的偏压工艺下,采用多弧离子镀技术和磁控溅射技术在4Cr13不锈钢表面沉积掺杂Cr和同时掺杂Cr、Ni的TiAlN薄膜.采用附着力自动划痕仪研究不同偏压条件下薄膜与基体的结合力,采用扫描电子显微镜观察和分析薄膜的表面形貌,采用XRD技术检测薄膜的相结构,采用显微硬度计测量薄膜的显微硬度.结果表明:适当的偏压可以提高薄膜的硬度和结合力,在偏压为-250 V时,薄膜的表面硬度达到最大值2 259 HV0.1 N,结合力为36 N;并且掺杂Ni元素能够起到增强膜基结合力的效果.     

氮离子束轰击对电弧离子镀TiN膜层的作用

电弧离子镀膜层中"大颗粒"的存在,降低了膜层质量,限制了其进一步应用.采用俄罗斯UVN 0.5D2I离子束辅助沉积电弧离子镀设备,对高速钢W18Cr4V上沉积的TiN膜层进行了氮离子束轰击.结果表明:TiN膜层表面"大颗粒"完全消失,凹坑浅而平整,粗糙度降低.膜层中较软的Ti和Ti2N向TiN转变,TiN(111)取向逐渐减弱,而(200)取向逐渐增强.膜层的显微硬度由原来的1 980 HV1N升高到2 310HV1N.     

多弧离子镀制备硬质梯度薄膜技术

介绍了多弧离子镀在金属陶瓷表面沉积硬质梯度薄膜的技术,用X射线衍射法对表面形成的薄膜进行了物相分析,并对材料的金相显微组织、显微硬度、抗弯强度以及膜与基体的结合力进行了测试和分析.结果表明:多弧离子镀处理能在金属陶瓷表面形成硬质梯度薄膜,膜与基体的结合力良好,表面硬度大大提高,而材料的抗弯强度却没有发生变化.     

透明陶瓷保护膜的研究

对黄铜基材装饰件表面先采用高能级磁控溅射离子镀(专利号:85102600.1)技术镀不锈钢代替电镀钯-镍合金,再采用等离子体型阴极弧源-磁控溅射镀(专利号:ZL98236950.6)技术在不锈钢镀膜表面上镀制TiN/Au/透明陶瓷保护膜SiO2、TiO2.对其硬度、耐蚀性及耐磨性进行分析.     

电弧离子镀与磁控溅射复合技术制备Ti/TiN/TiAlN复合涂层的组织结构与力学性能

采用磁控溅射和电弧离子镀技术,在高速钢基体上制备了Ti/TiN/TiAlN复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、微米划痕仪等方法研究了镀覆条件对复合涂层的形貌、组织结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,离子镀镀覆的过渡层对磁控溅射涂层的显微组织和力学性能有重要影响。例如,新开发的AIP+MS技术制备的复合膜比AIP或MS技术制备的薄膜具有更高的硬度、更好的耐磨性能、更光滑的表面和更强的膜基结合力(大于30N)。由于电弧离子镀TiN过渡层表面的"大颗粒"在磁控溅射沉积TiAlN薄膜时也会结晶长大,组织形貌与膜上的TiAlN相似,提高了其与周围薄膜的结合,电弧离子镀TiN过渡层表面的"大颗粒"负面效应大大弱化。     

复合离子镀AlTiN薄膜的表面形貌

本工作将阴极真空电弧沉积法和磁控溅射离子镀法结合形成复合镀膜工艺,即用电弧蒸发Ti靶的同时,用磁控溅射Al靶,并通入反应气体N2,以在高速钢基底上镀制AlTiN薄膜,考察了复合镀膜方法获得的AlTiN薄膜的表面形貌,并将其与单一法镀膜的表面形貌进行了对比分析.电弧离子镀制备的AlTiN薄膜表面颗粒很多,而且尺寸大,表面很粗糙,磁控溅射制备的AlTiN薄膜表面光滑平整,复合镀得到的AlTiN薄膜表面粗糙度介于二者之间,但从形貌上看,复合镀的薄膜呈现出典型的层状生长特征,在SEM下可清晰地看到表面的层状生长在部分区域不完全.测试发现,复合镀薄膜形貌并不是电弧镀和溅射镀薄膜形貌的简单混合,而是具有自身独特的特征,这可能是由于电弧弧光等离子体与溅射的辉光等离子体相互作用的结果.     

高功率脉冲磁控溅射制备TiNx涂层研究

采用高功率复合脉冲磁控溅射技术(HPPMS)在316不锈钢、硬质合金基体上沉积了TiN薄膜,研究不同N2流量下TiNx膜层的沉积速率、硬度、晶体生长取向、摩擦磨损等性能,并在相同的平均靶电流下与直流磁控溅射制备的TiN薄膜对比.结果表明:HPPMS制备的膜层更加致密,在氩氮流量比为7.4∶1时膜层显微硬度达2470 HV,晶粒尺寸也明显小于直流磁控溅射制备的TiN,摩擦磨损性能也得到了改善.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.