新型PVA/CS/SA复合水凝胶的制备与性能

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、壳聚糖(CS)、海藻酸钠(SA)等天然物料制备PVA/CS/SA复合水凝胶。通过实验推断出不同质量比、不同剂量的交联剂、不同pH、不同反应温度对复合凝胶的作用,结果表明当PVA∶CS∶SA为8∶4∶1时,水凝胶的品貌最优,综合性能达到最佳。红外分析表明,PVA与CS以及SA之间形成了较强的氢键;DSC分析结果表明,PVA/CS/SA复合膜的热稳定性比壳聚糖膜更强。     

壳聚糖/羧甲基淀粉复合膜的制备及性能研究

以溶液共混的方法制备一系列壳聚糖单一膜及壳聚糖/羧甲基淀粉(CS/CMS)复合膜。通过测定力学性能、水蒸汽透过率来研究CS/CMS复合膜的最佳制备工艺。结果表明:当CS添加量为2g/100mL,CS∶CMS=4∶1(质量比),干燥温度为55℃,冰醋酸浓度为2%时,所制复合膜性能最佳。     

载nano-MnO2壳聚糖复合膜的制备与性能

目的 对纳米二氧化锰(nano-MnO2)壳聚糖(CS)复合膜的结构和性能进行分析,为可生物降解包装材料制备提供参考.方法 以KMnO4和MnSO4为原料,采用水热法制备nano-MnO2,将其与壳聚糖的乙酸溶液在超声条件下混合,加入甘油制备nano-MnO2-CS复合膜.考察不同nano-MnO2添加量对nano-MnO2-CS复合膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、阻氧阻水性能、透光率和抑菌性的影响,利用红外光谱、X衍射光谱和偏光显微镜对其结构进行分析表征,通过热重分析其热稳定性.结果 nano-MnO2与壳聚糖之间存在较强的分子间相互作用力,均匀地分散在其中;当nano-MnO2与CS的质量比为1:5时,nano-MnO2-CS复合膜具有较强的阻水、阻氧、光阻隔性能,以及良好的柔性、热稳定性和抑菌性.结论 制备的nano-MnO2-CS复合膜力学性能和阻隔性能均得到提高,热稳定性增强,具有一定的抑菌作用.     

PEG200增塑改性ACNs/MMT/PHBH纳米复合包装膜

目的 制备聚乙二醇(PEG200)-乙酰化纤维素纳米晶体/蒙脱土/聚3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基己酸酯(PHBH)纳米复合包装膜,探究PEG200对三元纳米复合材料(ACNs/MMT/PHBH)性能的影响,以获得柔韧性、分散性等性能优良的纳米复合包装膜,增加复合包装膜在包装上的可应用性.方法 通过溶液共混法制备不同比例的PEG200-ACNs/MMT/PHBH纳米复合包装膜,应用扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱、偏光显微镜、热重分析、差式扫描量热仪、拉伸测试仪和透氧透湿测试仪,对复合膜的断面形貌、热稳定性、晶体形貌、力学性能和阻隔性能进行分析表征.结果 扫描电镜显示,加入适量的PEG200后,纳米颗粒上具有包覆作用,使得填料与PHBH基质间的相容性得到进一步改善.力学测试结果表明,PEG200的加入使复合包装膜的韧性有一定程度的提高,当PEG200的质量分数为6％时,与未添加PEG200的包装膜相比,其断裂伸长率增加了29.9％.阻隔性能测试结果显示,当PEG200的质量分数为4％时,复合膜的阻隔性能最佳,水蒸气透过率和氧气透过率分别为26.48 g/(m2·d)和28.46 cm3/(m2·d).结论 实验结果表明,加入少量的PEG200能够改善纳米粒子与PHBH之间的相容性,提高ACNs/MMT/PHBH纳米复合材料的韧性和阻氧阻湿性能.     

微米六方BN-KH550/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯耐热性复合膜的制备及性能

为进一步改善聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)的力学性能和耐热性能,采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性微米六方氮化硼(h-BN),对PBS进行共混改性,通过熔融共混与开炼压延工艺制备了具有较高耐热性的h-BN-KH550/PBS复合膜。对h-BN-KH550粒子结构和复合膜的力学性能、聚集态结构、断面形貌、结晶性能及热稳定性进行了测试和表征。结果表明:与PBS相比,h-BN-KH550/PBS复合膜的力学性能得到改善,当KH550与h-BN质量比为2∶50、h-BN-KH550与PBS质量比为3∶50时,综合力学性能最优;h-BN-KH550粒子可在PBS中均匀分散;在PBS结晶过程中,h-BN-KH550作为成核剂,使PBS的结晶速率加快,结晶度增大;h-BN-KH550/PBS复合膜的热稳定性显著提高,当h-BN-KH550与PBS质量比为3∶50时,复合膜热分解过程中质量损失为5%、10%、50%时的温度(T5d、T10d、T50d)和热分解峰值温度(Tp)分别提高了30.0、22.6、9.5和10.0℃。     

壳聚糖/聚己内酯复合膜的微观形态与结构特征

以性能优异的生物可降解高分子聚己内酯（PCL）与壳聚糖（CS）进行冰醋酸酸溶复合,并采用流延法制备CS∶PCL质量比分别为0∶100、5∶95、10∶90、15∶85、20∶80、100∶0的CS/PCL复合膜,通过XRD、FTIR、1HNMR、SEM及AFM对复合膜进行了微观形态与结构表征。结果表明:PCL与CS具有良好的相容性,二者分子间形成了较强的氢键,且伴有PCL端位羧基与CS侧链羟基反应生成了新的化学键,使CS/PCL复合膜结构稳定。CS/PCL复合膜的复合比对其结构特征及微观形态影响较大。CS/PCL（10∶90）复合膜的结晶度为29.97%,孔隙率达到85.61%,呈现表面防渗漏、内部多孔且连通的微观结构,初步确定10∶90为二者的最佳复合比。不同复合比的CS/PCL复合膜的微观形态与结构分析为其开发、应用提供了重要的理论依据。      

壳聚糖/聚乳酸/聚羟基丁酸酯人工硬脑膜的制备与性能研究

以壳聚糖、聚乳酸、聚(R)-3-羟基丁酸甲酯等为主要成膜物质,用流延法制得新型薄膜材料。研究表明,当壳聚糖∶明胶∶聚乳酸为1∶1∶1时,得到膜的抗拉强度比其他的可生物降解膜都大,达到27.346MPa;当壳聚糖∶明胶∶聚(R)-3-羟基丁酸甲酯为1∶1∶1时,其抗拉强度达到24.363Mpa,防漏性能达到80h。经模拟体内降解研究,在人工脑脊液的环境中浸置44d后,降解率分别为20%左右,降解速度较慢,可以保持其结构6～7周,有利于引导组织再生材料的基本要求。因此该复合膜有望成为医用可生物降解人工硬脑膜。     

纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜的制备和性能

目的获得力学性能和阻隔性能优异的食品包装用壳聚糖膜。方法通过超声法由糠醛渣纤维素制备纳米纤维素(NCC),将其与壳聚糖(CS)共混流延制备纳米纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜(NCC-CS)。结果复合膜中NCC质量分数为5%时,NCC-CS的拉伸强度比纯CS膜提高了30%,NCC-CS的透湿量比纯CS膜降低了24%。SEM分析结果表明NCC-CS复合膜微观结构致密。FT-IR和XRD的分析结果表明CS与NCC间存在着较强的相互作用。结论 NCC的加入对CS膜的力学性能和阻隔性能的提高有促进作用。     

聚氨酯改性明胶/壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性能研究

采用预聚-扩链-中和-分散法合成了聚氨酯(PU)水溶液,用聚氨酯对明胶(GT)进行改性后与壳聚糖(CS)复合制备复合膜。考察了中和度、R值、水杨醛含量以及GT/PU/CS三者的比例对复合膜性能的影响,并用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对复合膜的化学结构进行表征。结果表明,当中和度为85%及以上、R值为3∶1及以上、水杨醛含量为0.5%时,可得澄清透明稳定的聚氨酯水溶液;当中和度为100%、R值为3∶1、水杨醛含量为0.5%、GT/PU为7∶3时,可得完整的复合膜;CS的加入增加了复合膜的柔韧性,且随着CS含量的增加,膜的吸水率增加;红外光谱表明聚氨酯与明胶进行了化学交联反应。     

壳聚糖/淀粉/ZnO复合膜的制备与性能

目的以壳聚糖和玉米淀粉为主要成膜基质,以纳米ZnO为添加剂,研究复合膜的相关结构和性能。方法采用溶液共混法将壳聚糖溶液、淀粉糊化液及纳米ZnO质均混合,然后流延成膜,分析壳聚糖/淀粉的质量比和纳米ZnO的含量对复合膜力学性能、水蒸气透过率(WVP)的影响,并通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和热重分析对复合膜的相关结构进行表征。结果当壳聚糖/淀粉质量比为1∶1,纳米ZnO质量分数为9%时,所得膜在各自体系中的性能较佳。结论壳聚糖和淀粉二者之间具有较好的相容性,纳米ZnO的加入能增强复合膜的力学性能,降低其水蒸气透过率,并提高复合膜的热稳定性。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.