保偏微结构光纤光栅 F-P腔折射率传感特性分析

针对提高光纤光栅折射率传感器抗干扰能力以及增加反射率的需求,本文提出了一种基于Fabry-Perot腔的保偏微结构光纤(PM-MOF)布拉格光栅折射率传感器.根据传榆矩阵法和有限元方法,分析了微结构光纤光栅F-P腔中被测物折射率与F-P腔反射谱中两个偏振模谐振波长差的关系,在此基础上讨论了中心孔直径、F-P腔长度等参数对传输特性的影响.研究结果表明,随着空气孔中填充物折射率的增加,保偏微结构光纤光栅F-P腔的两个偏振态的谐振波长差将逐渐减小;F-P腔的干涉作用使反射率较单个光栅有很大提高,便于长距离传输和实时解调;两个偏振模对外界干扰具有相似的响应,因此该传感器具有更强的抗干扰能力.本文研究结果为保偏微结构光纤光栅在折射率传感器及其生物传感器方面的应用提供了理论依据.     

基于端面镀膜的Fabry-Perot光纤传感器研究

应用模式耦合理论计算了外腔式Fabry-Perot（F-P）干涉型光纤传感器的输出光强与F-P腔长的关系。对组成F-P腔的光纤端面进行了磨平抛光及镀多层电介质膜处理，使光纤端面反射率为70%，从而提高了传感器的抗干扰能力，简化了探测系统。将该传感器与电阻就变片作对比测量实验，其结果完全一致。     

提高F-P腔精细度方法的研究

采用真空蒸发镀膜的方法,在光纤端面镀以由ZrO2/SiO2膜系构成的高反射膜,将光纤端面的反射率由原来的4%提高为80%,改善了光纤F-P腔反射光谱的精细度,可提高光纤F-P传感器在进行波分复用时的复用数量.     

腔长损耗对非本征F-P腔光纤传感器的影响

根据光学法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔基本原理,运用单模光纤能量散射模型分析了腔长损耗对非本征F-P腔输出光强度的影响.实验过程中所用的F-P腔由单模光纤端面和弹性硅片组成.实验结果表明,非本征F-P腔输出光强幅度随腔长增大逐渐衰减,其输出特性曲线中不同部分相同周期的线性工作区间却对应不同的测量量程和灵敏度,所以强度型光纤F-P腔传感器初始腔长应基于传感器的性能指标进行选取.     

基于FBG的输电线路温度解调系统

温度监测是输电线路覆冰监测中的重要组成部分。本文研制出基于单片机的低成本高分辨率高精度光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)温度解调系统。该系统利用可调谐F-P滤波器法对温度传感器反射光谱进行波长解调。为降低F-P腔腔长漂移和压电陶瓷非线性的影响,采用3根FBG作为参考光纤光栅,对波长-温度曲线进行二次拟合求解。试验结果表明,该解调系统分辨率达1.4pm,精度达1.2℃,具有广泛实用性。     

干涉型光纤传感器光正交外差解调技术研究

针对干涉型光纤传感器信号传感的原理特点,本文提出了一种光正交外差解调技术.该方法使用可调光纤延时线进行传感光信号延迟的精确调整以实现正交外差解调,从而减少了光电探测器的低频噪声影响.与常规的外差解调技术相比,提出的解调结构方案消除了电子移相元件所带来的额外电子噪声与环境温度变换引起的相位漂移.通过压电陶瓷环谐振特性测量实验,表明了提出的基于光正交外差的干涉型光纤传感器解调技术可以有效地进行干涉振动信号的解调,实验取得的最小可探测相移量可达到9.2× 10-5 rad.     

基于非本征F-P干涉技术的全光纤位移测量系统北大核心CSCD

为解决传统分离镜组式干涉仪体积较大,无法在空间受限的环境条件下应用的问题,开展了全光纤F-P干涉位移测量技术研究。根据干涉原理分析了不同反射率条件对干涉信号形式的影响,计算得出:当反射率为4%时,多光束干涉的光强信号将近似为正弦函数,并利用有限元仿真对位移测量原理进行验证。设计搭建了基于非本征F-P干涉技术的全光纤位移测量系统。实验结果表明:该系统在1 min内静态噪声电压标准差为23.3 mV;在1 mm位移范围内,该系统与XL-80激光干涉仪的测量结果呈现高度线性关系,线性相关系数R 2为1,且该系统位移测量重复性优于XL-80激光干涉仪。     

基于独立分量分析的高速微铣削力混合信号噪声分离方法

为得到高速微铣削力的真实信号,并且准确识别各激励源,对微铣削力混合信号分离和识别技术进行研究。首先对铣削力混合信号矩阵进行预处理,利用对预处理结果的独立成分分析(ICA)分离得到独立源信号矩阵,再通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)得到独立源信号的频谱,最后分析并结合实验工况识别出微铣削力信号、机械噪声信号和环境噪声信号。实验结果表明:该方法具有同时分离非高斯性的机械噪声信号和高斯性的环境噪声信号的优点,可以弥补传统方法只能抑制高斯噪声信号的不足。     

基于信号共振稀疏分解的包络解调方法及其在轴承故障诊断中的应用

提出了基于信号共振稀疏分解的包络解调方法,并将其应用到轴承故障诊断中.与常规的基于频带划分的信号分解方法不同,信号共振稀疏分解方法根据信号中各成分品质因子的不同,将信号分解成高共振分量和低共振分量.当轴承出现损伤时,振动信号由以包含轴承自身振动的谐振信号、包含轴承故障信息的瞬态冲击信号以及噪声组成.谐振信号为窄带信号,具有高的品质因子,可分解为高共振分量;而瞬态冲击信号为宽带信号,具有低的品质因子,可分解为低共振分量.基于信号共振稀疏分解的包络解调方法首先利用信号共振稀疏分解方法将信号分解成高共振分量、低共振分量及残余分量,再对低共振分量进行包络解调分析,根据包络解调谱进行轴承故障诊断.算法仿真和应用实例表明该方法能有效地提取轴承故障信号中的冲击成分,凸显故障特征.     

基于FPGA的偏振OCT双路信号处理系统

针对目前基于计算机的偏振OCT具有系统数据处理速度慢、不能实时显示等问题,设计了基于FPGA的偏振OCT双路信号处理系统.FPGA设计包含同步时序控制、正交解调和CORDIC运算三个模块.同步时序控制模块为系统的各器件提供同步控制信号,实现数据的实时处理和同步显示.正交解调和CORDIC运算模块对预处理后的干涉信号进行振幅解调和相位解调,获取反射率和双折射率数据,经USB接口送入计算机进行实时显示.对玻片、云母片和生物组织进行偏振OCT系统成像,对成像结果的分析验证了系统具有实时探测生物组织反射率和双折射率的能力.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.