太阳能与常规能源复合空调/热泵系统在别墅建筑中的应用研究

为实现太阳能在绿色节能建筑中的应用，根据别墅建筑特点，结合溴化锂吸收式制冷／热泵系统的特点，提出太阳能与常规能源复合的空调／热泵系统。系统内采用了潜能储存和常规莆能综合技术，提高了系统的蓄能密度，并解决了吸收式热泵系统运行必须有16℃以上热源的问题。系统可为别墅建筑提供夏季空调，冬季采暖以及全年的卫生用水。建立了太阳能综合系统运行特性分析的计算模型，并以北京、西安、兰州三处太阳能较为丰富的地区为例，结合气候条件对系统运行特性进行了计算分析，给出了系统内能量分配与平衡的关系，并对系统运行作了简要的经济性评价。     

绿色建筑中的空调应用技术

论述现阶段自然能源在绿色建筑的空调系统中的应用。其中，吸收式与吸附式制冷技术是可以利用太阳能与地热的主要空调技术，提高系统性能是目前重要的研究方向；而风能与生物能，现阶段还不能直接应用于空调系统。     

一种太阳能热辅助溴化锂吸收式制冷机组空调系统的应用研究

为了利用"太阳能+"多能互补清洁供热项目夏季产生的热量,设计增加了一套可提供工业用低压蒸汽的系统和一套太阳能热辅助溴化锂吸收式制冷机组空调系统,可同时实现夏季制冷和生产蒸汽;监测了四个典型天气条件下太阳能热辅助溴化锂吸收式制冷机组空调系统的运行数据;提出了太阳能贡献率、节煤量、CO_2减排量的计算方法。     

可再生能源在空调制冷中的应用

针对目前压缩式制冷技术带来的能源短缺和环境污染问题，介绍了几种可再生能源在空调制冷中的应用技术，如地道风供冷、地源热泵系统、太阳能空调制冷，分析了可再生能源用于空调制冷的特点及发展现状，并对其应用前景做了展望。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术在制冷空调装置中的应用

随着能源和环境问题与社会经济发展的矛盾日益突出，开发出无CFCs问题的制冷方式、采用可再生能源为动力的制冷空调装置已越来越引起人们的重视。本文介绍了太阳能固体吸附技术的工作原理，分析了太阳能固体吸附制冷技术在制冷空调装置应用的现状、存在的问题及解决的措施，提出应大力推广太阳能固体吸附技术在制冷空调装置中的应用。     

太阳能吸收式空调性能优化分析

分析影响太阳能两级吸收式空调系统的整体性能的主要因素：集热器进出口热水的温度、各设备中溴化锂溶液的浓度与压力。根据两级吸收式循环的特点，可以运用溶液混合观点构造新型高效的太阳能吸收式制冷空调。运用仿真程序得出了太阳能两级吸收式空调在集热器出口温度在77．5℃左右时可以得到最大的整体效率，为太阳能空调系统的优化奠定了理论基础。     

太阳能与天然气综合供热的小型吸收式制冷机在别墅建筑的应用

本文通过对一别墅建筑用小型太阳能及天然气为热源的单效吸收式空调系统的组成分析和吸收式制冷机组模型的热力计算,为太阳能在别墅建筑的推广应用提供一个理论模式.     

漫谈太阳能制冷与空调

太阳能取之不竭，用之不尽，对坏境没有污染，是一种最有前途的能源。如今，人们正在考虑利用太阳能制冷，因为在夏季太阳能最丰富的时候，也是人们最需要空调制冷的时候。利用太阳能对房间进行温度调节，首先要解决如何用太阳能制冷的问题。目前，用太阳能制冷主要有三种方法：一是吸收式制冷，即利用太阳辐射热能驱动溴化锂水溶液或氨水溶液的吸收式制冷系统：二是利用太阳能加热通过集热器内的低沸点工质，经汽化后通入汽轮机驱动制冷机制冷.[第一段]     

太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷装置工作过程模拟

以太阳能驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷实验装置为对象，应用MCGS组态软件建立了实验装置的工艺流程，建立了太阳能驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷装置仿真计算模型，应用VB编制了仿真计算程序。通过OLE自动化技术将VB和MCGS连接，把在VB中计算的运转参数和热工性能指标传送给MCGS用户界面，在MCGS工程中实时地显示溴化锂吸收式制冷热泵装置的工作参数和性能指标。在装置实验条件下得到较好的仿真结果。     

太阳能在空调制冷系统中的研究现状及应用前景

随着空调能耗的日益增大，太阳能在空调制冷领域的应用已成为现代空调制冷技术研究的热点和重要发展方向。本文对近年来太阳能在吸收式、吸附式、喷射式等空调制冷技术等方面的研究进展进行了总结，并分析了其发展前景，认为在提高太阳能制冷技术效率及降低初投资成本后，将在空调制冷领域有广阔的应用前景。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.