表面氧污染影响钛膜吸氢量的机理

表面氧污染的钛膜，其吸氢能力比清洁钛膜降低达数倍之多，在厚度ｄ为４０ｎｍ，表面氧污染的钛膜表面上，重新蒸镀一层极薄的（约１．２ｎｍ）清洁钛膜，吸氢，释氢的测量表明其吸氢能力得到恢复。另外，还对其他四块不同厚度的钛膜，在表面清洁及氧污染的条件下，分别进行了吸氢能力实验，实验结果证实，氧污染降低钛氢能力的原因是使钛膜土氢分子解离的位置减少，而不是扩散阻挡层的作用。     

表面氧污染影响钛膜吸氢量的机理

表面氧污染的钛膜，其吸氢能力比清洁钛膜降低达数倍之多。在厚度ｄ＝４００Ａ，表面氧污染的钛膜上重新蒸镀，使其表面再生一层极薄的清洁钛膜。吸氢，释氢测量表明其吸氢能力得到恢复。     

钛膜吸氢与释氢特性的研究

在SKL－12型多功能谱仪的预处理室中，采用超高真空镀膜的方法，得到了表面清洁的钛膜。对表面清洁及有一定量氧污染的钛膜进行了吸氢、释氢实验，并用理论模型拟合实验数据。结果表明：表面氧污染使钛膜吸氢能力降低，其原因在于氧原子占据了钛膜表面的吸附位置，使氢解离为原子的几率降低。     

钛膜吸氢与释氢特性的研究

在ＳＫＬ－１２型多功能谱仪的预处理室中，采用超高真空镀膜的方法，得到了表面清洁的钛膜。对表面清洁及表面一定量氧污染的钛膜进行了吸氢，释氢实验，并用理论模型拟合实验数据。结果表明：表面氧污染使钛膜吸氢能力降低，其原因在于氧原子占据了钛膜表面的吸附位置，使Ｈ２解离为原子的几率降低。     

钛膜吸氢与释氢特性的研究

在ＳＫＬ－１２型多功能谱仪的预处理室中，采用超高真空镀膜的方法，得到了表面清洁的钛膜。对表面清洁及有一定量氧污染的钛膜进行了吸氢、释氢实验，并用理论模型拟合实验数据。结果表明：表面氧污染使太膜吸氢能力降低，其原因在于氧原子占据了钛膜表面的吸附位置，使氢解离为原子的几率降低。     

钯对钛膜吸氢能力的抗污染作用的研究

为寻求一种防止因表面污染而导致钛膜吸氢能力下降的的途径，用表面分析方法检测样品表面状态，用质谱仪测量样品吸氢能力，研究了表面状态和吸氢能力的相互关系。采用在钛膜上淀积钯膜的方法，可使受碳，氧污染的钛膜吸氢能力得以恢复。这种钯／太复合结构在吸氢有力上对碳，氧污染并不灵敏     

钯对钛膜吸氢能力的抗污染作用的研究

为寻求一种防止因表面污染而导致钛膜吸氢能力下降的途径，用表面分析方法检测样品表面状态，用质谱仪测量样品吸氧能力，研究了表面状态和吸氢能力的相互关系。采用在钛膜上淀积钯膜（蒸发或溅射）的方法，可使受碳、氧污染的钛膜吸氢能力得以恢复。这种钯／钛复合结构在吸氢能力上对碳、氧污染并不灵敏。对样品的近费米能级处的占有电子态密度（densityofstate，DOS）的测量证明，凡吸氢能力良好的样品，DOS呈峰形结构。具有抗污染能力的钯／钛结构，其DOS因污染而导致的变化很小，而无抗污染能力的钛膜，其峰形结构受污染作用而消失。这种峰形结构能提供氢分子解离吸附过程中所需的电子。     

碳污染对钛膜吸氢能力影响的研究

在钼基底上蒸镀钛膜，用乙炔（C2H2）在钛膜表面引入碳污染，用X射线光电子谱和俄歇电子谱研究钛膜表面的碳的化学状态，以及表面的碳污染对钛膜吸氢能力的影响。实验发现，碳在钛表面以两种到三种化学状态存在。碳在钛表面将使钛膜的吸氢能力下降，而且不同化学状态的碳对钛膜吸氢能力的影响也不同。实验结果表明，呈TiC状态的碳是降低钛膜吸氢能力的主要因素，其原因是它使解离吸附位置减少。     

碳污染对钛膜吸氢能力影响的研究

在钼基底上蒸镀钛膜，用乙炔在钛膜表面引入碳污染，用Ｘ射线光电子谱和俄歇电子谱研究钛膜表面的碳的化学状态，以及表面的碳污染对钛吸氢能力的影响。实验发现，碳在钛表面以二种到三种化学状态存在。碳在钛表面将使钛膜的吸氢能力下降，而且不同化学状态的碳对钛膜吸氢能力的影响也不同。实验结果表明，呈ＴｉＣ状态的碳是降低钛膜吸氢能力的主要因素，共原因是它使解离吸附位置减少。     

钛膜表面阳极氧化层对吸附和解吸氘特性影响的研究

在金属氢化物热力学和动力学参数测试系统上分别对表面覆盖Pd膜的钛膜和表面有阳极氧化层的钛膜进行了吸附和解吸氘特性的研究,吸附氘气的研究包括恒温吸氘和变温吸氘。其研究结果表明：初始吸附氘气的速率随氧化层厚度的增加而变慢,吸附氘气达到平衡的时间越长;在相同的升温速率和相同的初始氘气压力下,明显吸附氘气的温度随氧化层厚度的增加而升高;阳极氧化层降低了热解吸反应的速率,提高了热解吸主峰位对应的温度;氧化层越厚的试样,其热解吸主峰位所对应的温度越高;钛膜和氘化钛膜表面阳极氧化层具有一定的阻氘性能,且阳极氧化层越厚,其阻氘性能越强。     

Paper-based vapor detection of hydrogen peroxide: colorimetric sensing with tunable interface

Vapor detection of hydrogen peroxide still remains challenging for conventional sensing techniques, though such vapor detection implies important applications in various practical areas, including locating IEDs. We report herein a new colorimetric sensor system that can detect hydrogen peroxide vapor down to parts per billion level. The sensory materials are based on the cellulose microfibril network of paper towels, which provide a tunable interface for modification with Ti(IV) oxo complexes for binding and reacting with H(2)O(2). The Ti(IV)-peroxide bond thus formed turns the complex from colorless to bright yellow with an absorption maximum around 400 nm. Such complexation-induced color change is exclusively selective for hydrogen peroxide, with no color change observed in the presence of water, oxygen, common organic reagents or other chelating reagents. This paper-based sensor material is disposable and one-time use, representing a cheap, simple approach to detect peroxide vapors. The reported sensor system also proves the technical feasibility of developing enhanced colorimetric sensing using nanofibril materials that will provide plenty of room to enlarge the surface area (by shrinking the fiber size), so as to enhance the surface interaction with gas phase.     

Valency states of Yb, Eu, Dy and Ti ions in Li2B4O7 glasses

Absorption and emission spectra of Eu and Dy, Yb and Ti ions in Li₂B₄O₇ glasses grown in oxygen and hydrogen gas atmospheres were measured for valency states and lattice-sites analysis. For the Li₂B₄O₇ glass doped with Eu²⁺, Eu³⁺ and Dy³⁺ ions which were grown in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres, absorption and emission bands due to these ions were investigated before and after γ-irradiation. For the Yb³⁺-doped Li₂B₄O₇ glass, a weak, broad band was observed near the sharp 976.3 nm absorption band. The origin of this band is discussed in comparison with other glasses. Moreover, irradiation experiments using γ-rays were also performed in order to investigate the possibility of valency change of Yb ions. It was found that Ti⁴⁺ ions, which are produced under oxidizing atmosphere, change to Ti³⁺ ions after γ-irradiation with a dose of 10⁵ Gy. An additional absorption band observed at about 500 nm is due to the Ti³⁺ ions accompanied by charge-compensating vacancy and does not give any emission.     

Synthesis of titanium dioxide with oxygen vacancy and its visible-light sensitive photocatalytic activity

A novel active carbon reducing process was developed for the synthesis of titanium dioxide with oxygen vacancy. In this process a nanocomposite of hydrolyzed titanium(IV) tetra-isopropoxide and the active carbon was annealed in air. The formation reaction, visible-light absorption, and visible-light sensitive photocatalytic activity of the titanium dioxide with oxygen vacancy samples were investigated using XRD, TG-DTA analyses, FE-SEM, EDS, and measurements of electric conductivity, BET specific surface area and photocatalytic activity. The nonstoichiometric titanium dioxide with oxygen vacancy sample has a rutile structure and its chemical formula can be written as Ti(IV)_1−xTi(III)_xO_(2−x/2)□_x/2, where □ is oxygen vacancy. The oxygen vacancy was introduced into the rutile structure by reducing reaction of the active carbon in a phase transformation process from anatase to rutile. The samples showed visible-light absorption with an absorption edge around 570 nm and high surface visible-light sensitive photocatalytic activity.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ge/SiO2微晶复合薄膜

采用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ方法制备了ＧｅＯ２－ＳｉＯ２复合薄膜,并用Ｈ２／Ｎ２还原使得ＧｅＯ２转变成Ｇｅ微晶而镶嵌在ＳｉＯ２的玻璃网格中,其平均晶粒尺寸小于４ｎｍ 。随着热处理时间的增加,２４０ｎｍ 处吸收峰的强度随之增大,并且其吸收边产生红移,说明Ｇｅ 微晶的含量及晶粒尺寸都在增大     

N、Fe共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备和性能

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,用醇热法制备了N、Fe单掺杂及共掺杂纳米TiO₂。对样品的晶型结构、表面形貌、比表面积、紫外可见吸收、光致发光和分解水制氢催化性能分别进行了表征。结果表明,在500℃退火的N、Fe共掺杂TiO₂样品均为锐钛矿相棱形纳米颗粒,分散性较好,平均粒径约20 nm;N、Fe共掺杂的摩尔分数分别为5.0%和2.0%时,样品具有良好的可见光吸收活性,对光的吸收从387 nm（未掺杂锐钛矿相TiO₂）红移至510 nm处。主要原因可能是,N和Fe共掺杂在其禁带中产生杂质能级,导致其禁带宽度减小;N、Fe单掺杂及共掺杂改性,有效抑制了电子-空穴的复合,提高了光生载流子的分离效率;在可见光下（λ>400 nm）N、Fe共掺杂TiO₂具有较高的光催化分解水制氢活性,氢气生成速率为299.2μmol·g^-1·h^-1。     

Influence of substrate properties on the growth of titanium films: Part II

In situ internal stress measurements were used to investigate the influence of the chemical properties of the substrate on the growth of a titanium film deposited under UHV conditions. The substrate films used were titanium films evaporated at different water partial pressures. When the titanium film is evaporated at substrate temperatures of 130 °C and higher the shape of the stress vs thickness curve is interpreted to indicate island growth. Comparing the internal stress curve of titanium on Al₂O₃ and Ti/H₂O substrates it is seen that the initial tensile stress is significantly larger on the Ti/H₂O substrate film. This larger tensile stress is interpreted to originate from a redistribution of oxygen at the substrate interface during the early growth stage of the clean titanium film. A compressive stress contribution at higher thickness of the titanium film is interpreted to be due to hydrogen interdiffusion from the substrate into the titanium film. Annealing of the Ti/H₂O substrate films at 350 °C for 20 min reduces the concentration of the surface oxygen species and the amount of hydrogen incorporated in the films.

Dosing of previously annealed Ti/H₂O substrate films with water affects both the oxygen concentration on the surface of these substrate films and the amount of hydrogen incorporated in the films. Oxygen dosing of these films only increases the concentration of the oxygen species on the substrate surface; thus only the initial tensile stress built up in the titanium film is affected. Dosing the films with hydrogen, on the other hand, only increases the amount of hydrogen incorporated in the substrate film, which by way of interdiffusion into the growing titanium film gives rise to a larger compressive stress at higher film thickness     

强光致磷酸盐激光玻璃的色心及其ESR研究

研究了磷酸盐激光玻璃在120fs,800nm,1kHz脉冲激光照射下的光致暗化现象并测出了它们的光致暗化阈值。由ESR分析得出，磷酸盐玻璃的光致暗化来源于飞秒激光照射处玻璃因激光照射时的多光子吸收 生的色心。分析了Nd^3 对磷酸盐玻璃的光致暗化的影响并讨论了色心的类型。     

Ag掺杂的K_2La_2Ti_3O_(10)可见光催化制氢的研究

采用高温固相法合成了具有可见光响应的Ag掺杂的K2La2Ti3O10催化剂,利用XRD、UV-VisDRS、TEM和XPS对催化剂进行了表征。考察了催化剂的可见光催化分解甲醇水溶液制氢的活性,并对可见光催化机理进行了分析。研究表明,Ag的掺杂没有改变K2La2Ti3O10的微晶结构,并使催化剂粒径有所减小。紫外-可见漫反射分析表明禁带宽度为2.8eV左右,对可见光具有较高吸收。担载2%(质量分数)Pt后,在可见光下光催化活性较K2La2Ti3O10大大提高,掺杂1%(摩尔分数)Ag的K2La2Ti3O10的产氢量为0.37mmol,而纯K2La2Ti3O10的产氢量只有0.037mmol;掺杂1%(摩尔分数)Ag的K2La2Ti3O10的产氢速率最大0.08mmol/h。