纳米氧化镁模板法制备氮掺杂炭电极材料

六水氯化镁作为镁源,制备了粒径范围11~26nm的氧化镁,以纳米氧化镁为模板,将聚丙烯酰胺高温炭化,酸溶去模板,制备出高含氮量的多孔炭材料,并对材料进行XRD、SEM、孔径表征和电化学性能测试。结果显示,炭材料以层状为主,平均孔径为4.72nm,比表面积达1873m2/g;在1mol/LH2SO4电解液中,放电电流密度为1A/g时,电极材料的质量比电容达176F/g。     

同步合成模板炭化法制备双电层电容器电极用中孔炭材料的研究

以正硅酸乙酯为模板硅源，间苯二酚—甲醛凝胶为炭前驱体，采用同步合成模板炭化(SSTCM)法制备了具有可控结构的中孔炭材料。炭材料的比表面积可达1500m^2/g，平均孔径在3nm～10nm之间。经过酸催化水解预处理的二氧化硅模板前驱体溶液与间苯二酚—甲醛溶液混合，碱性条件下使两者的溶胶凝胶反应同步发生，得到有机，无机凝胶混合物。再经炭化、HF去模，制得SSTCM炭材料。N2等温吸脱附研究表明，与炭前驱体聚合物同步合成的结构可调的二氧化硅模板，导致了SSTCM炭材料可控中孔结构的形成。循环伏安研究表明，采用这种同步合成模板炭化法制备的SSTCM炭材料质量比容量达270F／g，炭材料具有的典型中孔结构使其可能成为一种理想的双电层电容器电极材料。     

炭前驱体对活性炭孔结构和电化学性能的影响

分别以毛竹和石油焦为炭前驱体,采用KOH活化法制备超级电容器用高比表面积活性炭材料,考察了碱/炭比对不同炭前驱体所制得的活性炭的孔结构、吸附性能和电容性能的影响。结果表明,在相同的碱/炭比下,竹基活性炭孔径2nm的微孔较发达,而石油焦基活性炭孔径在2～50nm的中孔率较高。在适宜的工艺条件下,以毛竹为炭前驱体可制得比表面积为2610.7m2/g,比电容为206F/g的活性炭材料;以石油焦为炭前驱体可制得比表面积为2597.9m2/g,比电容为213F/g的活性炭材料。     

原位合成壳聚糖复合炭材料及其在铅碳电池中的应用

以壳聚糖、氧化铅为原料,利用原位合成方法,制备复合炭材料。通过X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电镜和电子能谱仪、比表面仪、拉曼光谱仪等方法对复合炭材料进行表征,结果表明:壳聚糖为碳源的复合炭材料具有非晶态结构,孔径分布集中在5~10nm,比表面积高达487.4m2/g,适合作为Pb-C电池负极材料使用;将原位合成壳聚糖复合炭材料或者炭黑材料与析氢抑制剂、黏结剂、膨胀剂等电池添加剂混合成涂膏,分别组装成Pb-C模拟电池,利用电化学测量技术和电池性能测试系统评价Pb-C电池电化学性能,结果表明:以原位合成壳聚糖复合炭材料作为负极材料制成的Pb-C电池负极板,比以炭黑为碳源制备的负极材料具有更好的电化学性能,电阻较小,其循环伏安测试的比电容为162.9F/g,首次放电平台更长,最终容量达到108.72mAh/g,壳聚糖为碳源时比容量为理论比容量的98%,且10000次循环几乎没有衰减。     

1,3,5-三甲苯扩孔改性硼掺杂有序介孔炭

以F108为模板剂,1,3,5-三甲苯(TMB)为有机扩孔剂,采用溶剂挥发诱导自组装的方法成功制备出了具有较大孔径、比表面积和有序性高的硼掺杂有序介孔炭。探究了扩孔剂用量对硼掺杂介孔炭结构的影响,并对其电化学性能和扩孔机理进行了分析。结果表明,当扩孔剂与模板剂的用量比为1.5时,所得的介孔炭TMB-1.5的孔径最大(4.2nm),比表面积最高(666m~2/g)。相对于未扩孔改性的介孔炭,孔径和比表面积分别提高了5%和10%。扩孔改性后的硼掺杂介孔炭具有良好的电化学性能,在0.2A/g电流密度下的比电容高达235F/g。     

微波法煤基活性炭的制备及其电化学性能研究

以内蒙古优质褐煤为原料,KOH为活化剂,采用微波加热活化法制备超级电容器用活性炭,利用低温氮气吸附及恒流充放电、循环伏安等方法测定活性炭的孔结构及其用作电极材料的电化学性能,并与日本商业化超级电容器用活性炭在结构及性能方面进行对比分析。结果表明,在碱炭比为3,微波活化时间为20min的条件下,可制备出比表面积达2593m2/g、总孔容达1.685cm3/g、孔径主要分布在0.5～10nm之间、中孔率达67.3%、平均孔径为2.61nm的优质活性炭。该活性炭用作超级电容器电极材料在3mol/L KOH电解液中具有优异的电化学性能,电流密度由50mA/g提高到10A/g时,其比电容由346F/g降低到273F/g,显示出良好的功率特性,经1000次循环后,比电容保持率为93.2%。与商业活性炭相比,微波法活性炭的性能更加优良。     

模板炭化法制备沥青基中孔炭材料

以MgO为模板,采用低软化点(27℃)各向同性沥青为炭材料前驱体,采用程序升温一步炭化法制得了系列中孔炭材料。采用乙酸镁和柠檬酸镁为MgO的前驱体,沥青与MgO前驱体按照不同质量比混合,混合比例以得到的MgO为计算基准。采用低温N2吸附测得炭材料的比表面积和孔径分布,采用透射电镜观察炭材料的内部结构特征。结果表明,两种前驱体与沥青混合得到的炭材料比表面积均随MgO/沥青质量比例的增加呈线性增加趋势,柠檬酸镁体系中MgO/沥青质量比为8/2时最高比表面积达到1295m2/g,随MgO/沥青质量比的不同分别在2.5nm和5nm处有集中的孔分布;乙酸镁体系制得的炭最高比表面积也达到1199m2/g,并且在5nm和12nm处有集中的孔分布。     

NaY分子筛模板法合成多孔炭材料

采用NaY沸石分子筛作模板,乙酰丙酮为炭前驱体,使用液相浸渍-气相沉积工艺合成了富含微孔和中孔结构的多孔炭材料并对其进行了表征.所合成的多孔炭比表面积1351m2/g,孔容0.892cm3/g,微孔率0.63,孔径分布多在0.8nm～3.0nm之间.     

以一种新碳前驱体制备有序介孔碳及其表征

分别采用两亲性三嵌段共聚物F127、P123以及F127/P123复合物为模板剂,线性酚醛树脂/六亚甲基四胺固化物为碳源,利用有机-有机自组装法制备了具有二维六方结构和蠕虫状结构的介孔碳材料。采用FT-IR、XRD、TEM、低温N2吸附/脱附、TG和元素分析等方法表征了介孔碳的结构,研究了不同的模板剂对介孔碳结构的影响。结果表明,以F127为模板剂制备的介孔碳具有规则的二维六方结构,其比表面积、微孔表面积、孔容、孔径和孔壁厚度分别为670m2/g、368m2/g、0.40cm3/g、3.2nm和4.5nm。以P123为模板剂制备的介孔碳具有蠕虫状结构,其比表面积、微孔表面积、孔容和孔径分别为506m2/g、251m2/g、0.27cm3/g和3.0nm。以F127/P123复合物为模板剂制备的介孔碳的孔径相对于单一模板剂有所提高,其比表面积、微孔表面积、孔容和孔壁厚度均随着复合模板剂中F127质量分数的降低而降低。     

沸石矿模板制备多孔炭及其电性能研究

为降低模板法制备多孔炭的成本,使用一种天然沸石矿为模板来制备多孔炭。利用XRD、N2吸附和循环伏安法研究多孔炭的物相组成、孔结构和电化学性能。研究表明,所制备多孔炭的比表面积仅为411m2/g,但富含中大孔,并具有较宽的孔径分布;在1mol/L的H2SO4溶液中,1mV/s的扫描速度下,多孔炭的比容量为185F/g,扫描速度增加到500mV/s,其比容量保持率高达72%,比在相同条件下,比表面积2322m2/g的商业微孔活性炭的容量保持率23%高得多,且保持了良好的扫描曲线。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.