太阳能/余热固体除湿冷却系统研究

提出并研制一种太阳能／余热驱动除湿冷却系统。系统包括2台内冷却紧凑式固体除湿器、热交换器、蒸发冷却器等部件。在不同工况下对系统的性能进行模拟计算，分析再生温度、热交换器效率及蒸发冷却器效率对系统性能的影响。     

除湿换热器串联换热器强化除湿降温性能实验研究

除湿换热器可以同时处理显热与潜热负荷,但由于吸附热的影响,存在热湿负荷处理不同步及显热负荷处理能力不足的问题。本文提出了在除湿换热器后面串联一个显热换热器对空气进行二次处理,搭建了实验台对除湿换热器串联换热器情况下除湿降温过程的动态性能进行测试,并且在实验中分析了水温、进风温度、湿度、速度等主要参数对除湿量、降温量、制冷功率、COP的影响。结果表明:增加显热换热器可以大幅度增加处理空气的平均降温温差,在除湿初期阶段效果尤为明显,同时系统的制冷量也明显提高。此外,分析各参数对实验结果的影响可知,冷水温度与热水温度升高都可以有效提高系统制冷量与COP,空气的温湿度升高会提升系统性能,空气流速变慢对系统平均除湿量与有效除湿时间有明显的提升。     

除湿溶液除湿性能的对比实验研究

在对液体除湿制冷机理论研究的基础上,建立了液体除湿空调实验台.分别采用氯化钙溶液及不同比例的氯化钙与氯化锂的混合溶液作为除湿溶液,对系统的除湿性能进行了实验研究,对影响除湿量的各主要因素进行了分析,并得到了实验工况下的除湿量的回归方程,为除湿剂的选择提供实验依据.     

热泵型溶液除湿新风系统性能分析与优化

本文建立了热泵型溶液除湿(HPLD)新风系统数学模型,研究了新风温度、湿度对系统运行性能的影响。结果表明:新风温度升高1℃,系统COP平均下降率为0.9%;新风含湿量增加1 g/(kg干空气),系统COP平均下降率为3.6%,新风湿度增加导致HPLD系统COP大幅下降,系统新风湿度变化的适应性差。为扩大HPLD系统适应范围,提出了冷却除湿与HPLD组合式除湿系统,以组合式除湿系统COP为评价指标,得到组合系统级间新风参数最优状态:温度为21℃,含湿量为14.1 g/(kg干空气)。夏季典型工况下,组合式除湿系统COP为5.40,比单一HPLD系统COP提高87.5%。最后,根据HPLD系统设计参数制作了实验样机,并对模拟结果进行了验证。     

液体除湿空调系统应用分析

绍一套全新风液体除湿空调系统，描述系统原理及流程。对系统的性能进行数值模拟计算并建立实验台进行实验验证。针对上海地区气候特点，对该空调系统的可行性做了研究，并指出系统的优缺点及应用意义。     

转轮除湿空调系统及吸附剂再生特性研究进展

转轮除湿空调系统可实现温湿独立控制,与传统空调相比具有舒适、节能、环保等优点。本文阐述了转轮除湿空调系统及其吸附剂再生特性的研究进展,包括转轮除湿空调系统形式及其特性、转轮除湿性能和吸附剂再生方式及再生特性等内容。最后,指出了目前转轮除湿空调系统的研究不足,并对转轮除湿空调系统进一步研究方向提出了建议。     

溶液除湿空调除湿性能的实验研究

建立了溶液除湿空调除湿性能研究的实验装置,并分别以LiCl溶液、CaCl2溶液及二者等比例的混合溶液为除湿剂,实验研究了空气流量、溶液流量及除湿剂种类对溶液除湿空调除湿性能的影响。     

液体除湿空调除湿器性能研究

在液体除湿空调中,除湿器是系统的核心部件。本文搭建可用于实验研究的液体除湿空调系统中除湿器的实验台,对塔径300 mm、填料高度800 mm,以Li Cl溶液为除湿剂的除湿器布置测点进行实测。基于Mercel理论,根据热质平衡并结合D.I.Stevens的有效模型,建立适用于该液体除湿空调系统中的除湿器传热传质模型。从实验和理论模型两个方面分析除湿器进口各项参数对除湿量的影响,结果表明:理论值和实验值有很好的一致性,且数据差异较小,说明计算模型适应性良好,能准确的用于该除湿器的性能模拟测试,将实验与理论计算结果进行对比可知:在一定的工况范围内,除湿器的除湿量受进口溶液温度、浓度、质流密度等参数影响较大,其中溶液进口温度越低,除湿效果越显著,溶液进口浓度越低,除湿效果越好;溶液进口质流密度需控制在一定范围进行调节,才能显著提高除湿器性能;空气入口风速、干球温度以及含湿量对除湿出口的空气状态参数影响较弱。     

叉流除湿器热质传递性能实验研究

在太阳能溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统实验台上,以LiCl溶液为除湿剂,用空气进出口含湿量差和除湿效率作为除湿过程的性能评价指标,来研究叉流除湿器的除湿性能。通过实验数据分析了溶液、空气进口参数对除湿性能的影响,并利用实验数据建立适用于LiCl溶液的叉流除湿器的除湿效率和传质系数的实验关联式,发现与实验结果的吻合程度很好,误差在15%以内,能够利用这些关联式来准确的计算叉流除湿器的除湿性能,可供叉流除湿器设计参考使用。最后将实验结果与相关文献进行比较,结果表明:不同的除湿剂对叉流除湿器的除湿性能的影响基本相同。     

新型微波加热转轮除湿系统再生特性研究

在空气相对湿度较低的工业生产领域,转轮除湿系统被广泛应用,其除湿转轮的再生能耗是整个除湿系统的主要能耗。本文提出一种新型微波再生转轮除湿系统,采用微波加热和电加热再生的方式对转轮除湿系统的再生性能进行试验,从再生速率和再生能耗等方面进行了分析对比。结果表明,除湿转轮再生速率随着微波功率的增加而增大。在达到相同除湿效果的条件下,微波再生能耗只有电加热再生能耗的50.2%～70.0%。微波加热与电加热联合作用比单纯微波加热具有更好的再生效果,且能达到更高的再生速率。     

一种节能型医院净化手术室空调系统

医院洁净手术室空调系统在除湿方面普遍存在一些问题,针对这些问题提出一种将制冷、除湿分开控制的手术室空调系统。通过分析比较,这一新型空调系统能有效地控制手术室空调的送风工况,降低了设备成本和运行费用,节能效果显著。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.