超声粉末模压成型超高分子量聚乙烯微塑件的两相结构

应用了一种新颖的微型超声粉末模压成型方法(micro-UPM)成型超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)微塑件。先利用超声振动使UHMWPE粉末自身快速加热并塑化,之后在合模压力下快速充填微型腔,成功制备了多种规格的微塑件。差示扫描量热实验结果表明,micro-UPM UHMWPE微塑件为两相状态,由初生态和熔化-再结晶态两相组成。在超声塑化时间为0.5~1.5 s的范围内,熔化-再结晶相熔融峰面积逐渐增大,而初生态相熔融峰面积逐渐缩小,结晶度逐渐减小。当超声塑化时间为1.5 s时,微塑件结晶度达到最小值54.3%,而熔化-再结晶相分数达最大值98.3%,micro-UPM UHMWPE微塑件塑化质量最佳。单晶X射线衍射实验表明,微塑件中间区的结晶度数值比表层大,与普通注塑成型的微塑件相比,micro-UPM微塑件的结晶取向性不明显。     

超声粉末模压成型超高分子量聚乙烯微塑件的两相结构EI北大核心CSCD

应用了一种新颖的微型超声粉末模压成型方法(micro-UPM)成型超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)微塑件。先利用超声振动使UHMWPE粉末自身快速加热并塑化,之后在合模压力下快速充填微型腔,成功制备了多种规格的微塑件。差示扫描量热实验结果表明,micro-UPM UHMWPE微塑件为两相状态,由初生态和熔化-再结晶态两相组成。在超声塑化时间为0.5~1.5 s的范围内,熔化-再结晶相熔融峰面积逐渐增大,而初生态相熔融峰面积逐渐缩小,结晶度逐渐减小。当超声塑化时间为1.5 s时,微塑件结晶度达到最小值54.3%,而熔化-再结晶相分数达最大值98.3%,micro-UPM UHMWPE微塑件塑化质量最佳。单晶X射线衍射实验表明,微塑件中间区的结晶度数值比表层大,与普通注塑成型的微塑件相比,micro-UPM微塑件的结晶取向性不明显。     

微塑件超声模压成型对等规聚丙烯结晶行为的影响

针对微塑件成型,文中运用了微塑件超声粉末模压成型的新方法对聚丙烯微塑件进行成型,并利用差示扫描热量法、广角X射线衍射、偏光显微镜研究了超声时间对聚丙烯结晶行为的影响。结果表明,在一定时间内,随着超声时间的延长,微塑件的结晶度逐渐减小,同时其熔点、起始结晶温度逐渐向低温偏移,结晶完善性逐渐增加,晶粒细化;微塑件的晶型主要表现为等规聚丙烯最为常见的α晶型,超声时间的变化并未使其晶型发生转变;微塑件内部组织主要以球晶的形式生长。     

具有规则微结构表面聚丙烯塑件的超声模压粉末成型

利用自制的组合式模具,通过超声模压粉末成型工艺,制得形状尺寸可控的聚丙烯微塑件,成功复制了模芯表面的微沟槽阵列结构。设计单因素实验,研究了超声能量、焊接压力、保压时间对聚丙烯微结构塑件成型的影响。结果表明,适当增加超声能量与焊接压力,可有效提高熔体的填充能力。当超声能量为1000 J、焊接压力为115 kPa、保压时间为8 s时,所制得的微结构塑件具有较好的表面形貌复制率。差示扫描量热和X射线衍射分析表明,超声能量的增加不会改变聚丙烯的晶体结构;随着超声能量的增加,微结构塑件的结晶度降低、晶粒细化。     

UHMWPE初生态微观结构及不同成型条件下制品力学性能研究

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)极高的分子量及线性分子链特性使其具备很多的优异性能,在军工、医药卫生等领域的应用越来越广泛的同时,对UHMWPE树脂的性能不断提出更高的要求。故利用高分辨扫描电镜(SEM)、高温凝胶色谱-红外联用(GPC-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)及差式扫描量热仪(DSC)对树脂初生态粒子的结晶结构、分子特性及热力学性能进行了研究,并通过控制模压过程中的冷却速率来研究UHMWPE样品的结晶行为,进而分析UHMWPE微观特性与宏观性能之间的关系。研究发现由次级颗粒和微纤组成的UHMWPE初生态粒子中具有大量的片晶和伸直链,分子链排列规整,结晶度高;但在熔融再结晶加工成制品的过程中,分子链的规整性遭到破坏,与初生态粒子相比,结晶度下降、缠结密度变大。另外,不同降温速率的样品中淬冷样品的分子链缠结密度最低,而低缠结、小的晶粒能够提升制品的耐冲击性能及断裂时的真应力。     

变形镁合金晶粒细化及热处理后的组织和性能

通过变形方法细化晶粒提高镁合金塑性.大挤压比(100:1)可获得细晶镁合金挤压薄板,其晶粒尺寸为2.5-12.5μm;大挤压比+轧制确保合金获得平均晶粒尺寸小于5μm的细晶镁合金薄板.通过优化再结晶退火制度使合金具有最佳的组织结构和良好的力学性能.在523K保温20min后细晶(晶粒尺寸小于12.5μm)镁合金板材具有良好的热拉深性能,能成功拉深出质量完好的筒形件,而晶粒尺寸大于25μm,出现不良的热拉深现象.     

超拉伸熔纺UHMWPE纤维结晶结构的变化

利用广角X射线衍射仪、热分析仪、小角X射线散射仪研究了熔纺UHMWPE纤维在超拉伸过程中结晶结构的演变过程。研究显示,随着拉伸的进行,UHMWPE纤维的结晶度逐渐增加,其值最终稳定在66%左右;横向晶粒尺寸逐渐下降,(110)和(200)晶面的值稳定在13.4nm和9.7nm左右;折叠链逐渐向伸直链转变;第一熔融峰温度逐渐提高,且在高倍拉伸下,出现第二熔融峰;纤维的取向度逐渐增加,缺陷度逐渐下降;流动性改性剂的加入仅仅改善了UHMWPE的流动性,并不影响纤维在拉伸过程中结晶结构的变化趋势。     

超拉伸熔纺UHMWPE纤维结晶结构的变化EI北大核心CSCD

利用广角X射线衍射仪、热分析仪、小角X射线散射仪研究了熔纺UHMWPE纤维在超拉伸过程中结晶结构的演变过程。研究显示,随着拉伸的进行,UHMWPE纤维的结晶度逐渐增加,其值最终稳定在66%左右;横向晶粒尺寸逐渐下降,(110)和(200)晶面的值稳定在13.4nm和9.7nm左右;折叠链逐渐向伸直链转变;第一熔融峰温度逐渐提高,且在高倍拉伸下,出现第二熔融峰;纤维的取向度逐渐增加,缺陷度逐渐下降;流动性改性剂的加入仅仅改善了UHMWPE的流动性,并不影响纤维在拉伸过程中结晶结构的变化趋势。     

成型温度对脉振模压成型自增强UHMWPE结构与性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

在远低于普通模压(CM)成型温度的温度下,采用脉振模压(PVM)成型实现了自增强超高分子量聚乙烯(UHM-WPE)制品的低温高效成型。通过拉伸性能、耐磨性能、流变性能、差示扫描量热分析、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、红外光谱等测试表征,分析了成型温度对PVM成型UHMWPE(PVM-UHMWPE)样品宏观性能和微观结构的影响规律。结果表明,PVM的低温成型能保留UHMWPE部分初生相特征结构,提高了整体结晶度和晶片厚度,赋予了PVM-UHMWPE样品更高的力学强度和抵抗磨损能力;随着成型温度的提高,分子链在颗粒界面处的扩散程度增加,并形成垂直于颗粒界面的“纤维状”晶相提高了PVM-UHMWPE样品的界面固结质量,但当成型温度达到180℃时,对初生相结构的破坏加剧,致使整体结晶度和晶片厚度降低,反而弱化了样品力学强度和耐磨性能。因此,成型温度为170℃的PVM-170℃-3Hz样品具有最好的力学性能和耐磨性能。     

熔纺UHMWPE纤维在拉伸过程中的结构与力学性能

采用高流动性的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)树脂颗粒,以熔融纺丝法制备出了拉伸强度为1.6GPa的UHMWPE纤维。利用热分析(DSC)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、小角X射线散射(SAXS)、拉伸试验研究了UHMWPE纤维在拉伸过程中结构和力学性能的变化。研究显示,随着拉伸倍数的增加,UHMWPE纤维的结晶度增加,晶粒尺寸下降,纤维的缺陷度逐渐下降,取向度逐渐增大,拉伸强度逐渐增加;其结构和力学性能变化规律与凝胶法相似;有效拉伸倍率低可能是导致熔纺UHMWPE纤维的拉伸性能不如凝胶纺丝纤维的主要原因。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.