新型细水雾添加剂成分对灭火性能影响研究

为研究自制细水雾添加剂中主要成分对灭火性能的影响,在开放空间,进行了不同工作压力、不同浓度、不同燃料条件下含添加剂细水雾的灭火研究,实验获取了灭火时间、火焰形态、火焰温度等灭火参数。通过对柴油和汽油两种不同燃料的灭火实验发现,使用含添加剂的细水雾对低沸点、高蒸发速率的汽油灭火效果同样较好。根据加入不同浓度的氟表面活性剂的实验结果比照发现,氟表面活性剂是自制添加剂中起到主要提升灭火性能作用的物质,它通过改变细水雾物理性质使加入自制添加剂的细水雾的灭火性能显著提高。对比调整自制添加剂各物质含量的实验数据,进一步确定添加剂各成分最佳灭火性能浓度。     

细水雾对障碍物挡板火灭火有效性的实验研究

在不同障碍物挡板阻隔条件下，就细水雾对油池火的灭火效果进行了实验研究，分析了不同空间位置的障碍物挡板对细水雾灭火效果的影响，采用FDS40对细水雾与不同类型障碍物挡板油池火的相互作用过程的模拟结果表明：障碍物结构与类型影响着细水雾直接作用于油池火上方的水雾通量，油池火上方的水雾卷吸量越大，细水雾对障碍火的灭火效果越明显。     

用锥形量热仪研究细水雾抑制熄灭PVC火

利用锥形量热仪和单流体细水雾系统研究了细水雾抑制PVC火的过程，并观察了重燃现象的发生，测量了实验中热释放速率及O2，CO2，CO和烟气的浓度变化，并对不同细水雾工作压力及不同热辐射流量下的结果进行了比较。由实验可知细水雾能快速扑灭PVC火，且压力越大灭火越迅速，但是在灭火后停止施加细水雾会发生重燃现象，且重燃发生的时间长短与作用在燃料表面的水量有关。     

细水雾抑制熄灭障碍物油池火的有效性研究

传统水喷淋灭火系统很难扑救有障碍物遮挡的火焰。针对障碍物油池火进行了全尺寸细水雾灭火有效性的实验研究，深入了解障碍物存在时细水雾对油池火的抑制熄灭作用，同时研究了障碍物与火焰的相对位置、细水雾的工作压力、雾通量、喷头距火焰垂直距离及水平距离等关键因素对灭火有效性的影响，分析了障碍物存在时细水雾的灭火特性，揭示了实验中某些工况下不能扑灭火焰的原因，为细水雾的实际工程应用提供了科学的参考依据。     

关于海水雾灭火有效性的研究

本文笔者分析了海水雾对木垛火、电缆火、油池火的灭火效果，总结了影响海水灭火系统有效性的主要因素，具有重要的现实意义。     

细水雾与火灾烟气相互作用的实验和数值模拟研究

通过模拟实验研究了细水雾与火灾烟气的相互作用,揭示了细水雾作用下烟气温度及组分浓度的变化规律。同时利用FDS程序计算了细水雾作用下烟气温度和组分浓度随时间的变化规律,利用实验数据对计算结果进行了准确性验证。结果表明只要计算网格匹配合理,FDS可以较为准确地预测细水雾作用下烟气温度和组分浓度的变化规律。在实际的细水雾灭火系统工程应用中,可以利用FDS场模拟方法预测灭火过程中火场温度及组分浓度等特性参数的变化规律,这对灭火系统的优化设计具有一定指导意义。     

含添加剂细水雾控火效果研究

随着现代社会的发展和科学技术的进步,火灾的种类增多,危险性增大,因此对抑制火灾的方法提出了更高的要求。本文通过对所收集资料的深入探讨,进一步阐述了含添加剂细水雾的灭火机理,提出含添加剂细水雾灭火影响因素,对添加剂种类进行分类,并对相关实验结果进行了分析总结。     

油池火中细水雾强化火焰现象的研究

细水雾与油池火相互作用之初往往会使燃烧剧烈，强化火焰。实验研究与理论分析表明，雾滴在可燃物表面蒸发是造成这种现象的主要原因。通过改变燃料种类、喷头雾特性参数等实验工况发现火焰强化程度主要决定于燃料的挥发性以及雾滴的直径、速度等参数。而在油盆中加水后燃料表面温度降低、火焰功率下降，火焰强化现象随着加水量的增加而逐渐弱化乃至消失，细水雾系统的灭火时间也明显缩短。     

细水雾与热烟气相互作用数值模拟研究

使用CFD软件Fluent对火灾中热烟气与细水雾的相互作用过程进行了数值模拟研究。比较了灭火过 程中不同粒径细水雾在流场中的运动及其对灭火效果的影响,并研究了细水雾对着火房间火焰辐射的散射作用 及细水雾的聚合破碎过程对灭火效果的影响。模拟结果表明辐射是火灾中主要的热传递过程,粒径较大的水雾 比较容易离开回流区到达燃烧反应区。房间细水雾的通过吸收和散射作用减弱辐射强度,水雾在喷射初期可能 使燃烧速率增大,这些结果与实验事实相符     

细水雾作用下固体表面火蔓延速度变化规律的小尺度实验研究

通过模拟实验进行了细水雾作用下不同固体材料表面火蔓延特性的小尺度实验研究.实验在小型风洞中进行,在有细水雾和无细水雾作用的情况下,分别在不同来流速度条件下深入研究了4种典型固体材料表面火蔓延的规律,定性的描述了细水雾对不同固体材料表面火蔓延的抑制作用,通过比对分析,揭示了细水雾作用下不同类型固体材料表面火蔓延的变化规律,为细水雾的实际工程应用提供参考.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.