悬浮聚合法制备纳米蒙脱土/聚合物( 苯乙烯-共聚-二乙烯基苯) 复合材料及性能

采用悬浮聚合法制备了纳米蒙脱土/聚合物(苯乙烯-共聚-二乙烯基苯) 复合材料。钠基蒙脱土(SMMT) 经十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB) 离子交换后获得有机蒙脱土(OMMT) 。采用XRD 和FTIR 分析表征了有机蒙脱土的结构与性能。通过XRD、TEM、SEM、和FTIR 对复合材料微观结构进行了表征; 通过热重分析仪( TG) 对复合材料的热稳定性能进行了研究。讨论了蒙脱土含量和交联剂用量对复合材料热稳定性能的影响。结果表明, 钠基蒙脱土的层间距为1. 48 nm , 经有机改性蒙脱土的层间距为2. 85 nm , 纳米蒙脱土/聚合物复合材料的层间距约为4 nm; 纯聚苯乙烯最大质量损失温度为399 ℃, 当蒙脱土含量为5 %、交联剂用量为10 %时, 纳米蒙脱土/聚合物最大质量损失温度提高到437 ℃。在实验条件下, 纳米蒙脱土/聚合物复合材料具有更好的热稳定性能。      

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与结晶性能

本文综述了制备聚合物 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的插层方法 ,并对有代表性的结晶性聚合物 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结晶性能进行了讨论。蒙脱土的加入对聚合物的结晶有两种作用 ,一方面是对聚合物有异相成核的作用 ,可以提高聚合物的结晶温度和结晶速率 ,降低结晶活化能 ;另一方面是对聚合物结晶生长有阻碍作用 ,导致结晶速率下降 ,结晶活化能提高     

超声波原位插层制备硅树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用超声波技术,原位插层聚合法制备了甲基苯基硅树脂/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)研究了复合材料内部结构以及超声波时间对蒙脱土分散性影响。结果表明,蒙脱土片层间距随着超声波时间延长而增加,当超声波时间短于20min时,有机蒙脱土片层以有序的插层型存在,形成插层型的聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料(PLSN);超声波时间长于30min时,有机蒙脱土片层被剥离,无序地分散在硅树脂基体中,形成剥离型的聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。     

PMAA/MMT及PMAA/MMT/SiO_2纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用原位插层聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料和聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土/二氧化硅(PMAA/MMT/SiO2)纳米复合材料,并比较两种纳米复合材料的结构与性能。研究结果表明,PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于插层与剥离共存型纳米复合材料。PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料中蒙脱土的特征衍射峰已经消失,蒙脱土与二氧化硅均匀分散在聚合物基体中。PMAA/MMT及PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料均有一定的鞣制性能,但相对而言PMAA/MMT/SiO2纳米复合材料的鞣制效果较好。     

溶液剥离-吸附法制备高分子纳米复合材料

采用溶液剥离-吸附法制备了乙烯基聚合物/改性蒙脱土(VP/C-MM T)高分子纳米复合材料。X射线衍射检测结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性蒙脱土的层间距由1.2916 nm增加到1.9620 nm,与乙烯基聚合物(VP)复合后,蒙脱土的d(001)峰消失;透射电镜对纳米复合材料成膜物的检测结果表明,蒙脱土在VP基体中以片层形式分散,说明VP/C-MM T为剥离型纳米复合材料。示差扫描量热检测结果表明,蒙脱土的存在可以较好地提高聚合物的热稳定性。通过建立CTAB与蒙脱土插层的理论模型,解释了VP与C-MM T未发生相分离的原因。     

乳液插层法制聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

概述了一种聚合物 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的新制备方法———乳液插层法。该插层法分为两大类 :聚合物乳液插层和单体乳液插层 ,这两大类又可按各自不同的插层机理进行分类。叙述了蒙脱土和复合材料的结构 ,以及复合材料的一些特性。并对聚合物乳液 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的插层过程进行了热力学和动力学分析 ,指出将实验室技术产业化是今后发展方向     

二维和零维纳米材料协同增强的高性能纳米复合材料

将二维蒙脱土和零维纳米TiO_2共同复合到环氧树脂中,成功地制备出一种高性能有机蒙脱土/纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料。力学性能测试和热分析显示,该复合材料在拉伸模量、拉伸强度、弯曲模量、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度、玻璃化转变温度、热分解温度上都明显优于纯环氧树脂,也优于有机蒙脱土/环氧树脂复合材料和纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料。XRD检测和透射电子显微镜观察显示,在有机蒙脱土/纳米TiO_2/环氧树脂复合材料中,蒙脱土被完全剥离为纳米单片,和纳米TiO_2交错分布于环氧树脂中。选择适宜的两种维度的纳米材料复合于聚合物中,是制备新型高性能复合材料的成功思路。     

DMDAAC在蒙脱土中插层环化聚合及其应用的研究

首先采用单因素试验优化了聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDM DAAC)的合成工艺;选用二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DM DAAC)在不同用量的蒙脱土中插层环化聚合,制备了系列纳米复合材料(PDM DAAC/MM T);对纳米复合材料进行了X射线衍射(XRD)测试;通过单体转化率和聚合物的特性黏度考察不同用量的蒙脱土对单体环化聚合的影响;将纳米复合材料用于皮革预鞣,再进行2%标准铬粉鞣制的试验初试。XRD、单体转化率和聚合物的特性黏度测定结果表明:蒙脱土的用量为5%时,蒙脱土的层间距、单体转化率、聚合物的特性黏度均达到最大值。纳米复合材料预鞣结果表明,蒙脱土用量为4%时,纳米复合材料对坯革的增强效果最明显。     

聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制务、结构与性能

首次将插层纳米复合技术与互穿聚合物网络（IPN）技术相结合,通过同步插层聚合法制备了聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机蒙脱土（PU/PMMA/OMMT）纳米复合材料.XRD、SEM、TGA等研究表明,在聚氨酯/有机蒙脱土（PU/OMMT）体系中蒙脱土以40～700 nm的团聚体不均匀地分散在聚氨酯基体中,且部分蒙脱土被插层,其层间距增加了0.95nm,体系为插层型纳米复合材料.PU/PMMA/OMMT体系中蒙脱土以20～80nm的粒子分布于聚合物基体中,且蒙脱土的插层效果显著,是PU/OMMT体系的2.5倍,形成了插层型纳米复合材料.同时,蒙脱土的加入使得聚氨酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的互穿聚合物网络（PU/PMMA-IPN）体系中PU相与PMMA相间相分离更明显,塑性相畴粒子尺寸显著增加,且各相中两组分相互作用加强,分布更均匀.PU/PMMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的热稳定性高于其他材料.同时对其力学性能进行了研究,发现其力学性能明显优于聚氨酯、基于聚氨酯和PU/PMMA-IPN和PU/OMMT纳米复合材料.     

熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其性能的研究

采用熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.对制备的PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行表征和研究,通过XRD分析了PET基体中蒙脱土片层的插层情况,发现达到预期效果;试验数据表明:有机蒙脱土使复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降,拉伸模量和弯曲模量上升;随着有机蒙脱土含量的增加,复合材料的阻隔性能得到提高.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.