基于UML-RT的复杂嵌入式系统建模方法及其应用

分析了UML在实时系统设计中的优点和需要解决的主要问题,论述了基于UML RT的实时嵌入式系统设计方法,并且对其进行扩展以支持数据流计算模型的建模,最后以汽车巡航系统为例加以说明。     

Model transformations in the UPES/UPSoC development process for embedded systems

Model-based development (MBD) aims at combining modeling languages with model transformers and code generators. Modeling languages, like profiles of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), are increasingly being adopted for specific domains of interest to alleviate the complexity of platforms and express domain concepts effectively. Moreover, system development processes based on automatic model transformations are widely required to improve the productivity and quality of the developed systems. In this paper, we show how MBD principles and automatic model transformations provide the basis for the unified process for embedded systems (UPES) development process and its unified process for system-on-chip (SoC) (UPSoC) subprocess. They have been defined to foster in a systematic and seamless manner a model-based design methodology based on the UML2 and UML profiles for the C/SystemC programming languages, which we developed to improve the current industrial system design flow in the embedded systems and system-on-chip area. This work is supported in part by the project Model-driven methodologies and techniques for embedded systems design and analysis based on UML, Abstract State Machines, and SystemC at STMicroelectronics, AST R&I of Agrate Brianza (MI), Italy.     

UML嵌入式系统设计

UML是当今最流行的标准建模语言,嵌入式系统是以应用为中心、以计算机技术为基础的专用计算机系统,是软件和硬件的综合体;而嵌入式系统设计的好坏是数字商品成功的关键。本文重点讨论UML建模中重要的概念,以及如何在嵌入式系统设计中使用UMLOOD建模技术,并结合实例微波炉小灯演示采用UML的嵌入式系统设计过程。     

UML嵌入式系统设计

UML是当今最流行的标准建模语言,嵌入式系统是以应用为中心、以计算机技术为基础的专用计算机系统,是软件和硬件的综合体;而嵌入式系统设计的好坏是数字商品成功荫关键。本文重点讨论UML建模中重要的概念,以及如何在嵌入式系统设计中使用UML OOD建模技术,并结合实例“微波炉小灯”演示采用UML的嵌入式系统设计过程。     

将UML模型转换成SDL模型的方法

提出了一种将UML模型转换成SDL模型的方法.UML是一种优秀的建模语言,使用UML可以为协议建立模型带来很多方便.但是,UML缺乏形式化语义,因此不能满足协议精确性的要求.SDL是一种用于通信软件规格的标准语言,它拥有形式化语义,而且有很多商业软件都支持它.在协议设计和开发中,将UML模型转换成SDL模型可以克服这样的缺点.通过为UML制作适当的profile,并制定严格的转换规则可以实现模型的转换.     

Clock constraint specification language: specifying clock constraints with UML/MARTE

The Object Management Group (OMG) unified modeling language (UML) profile for modeling and analysis of real-time and embedded systems (MARTE) aims at using the general-purpose modeling language UML in the domain of real-time and embedded (RTE) systems. To achieve this goal, it is absolutely required to introduce inside the mainly untimed UML an unambiguous time structure which MARTE model elements can rely on to build precise models amenable to formal analysis. The MARTE Time model has defined such a structure. We have also defined a non-normative concrete syntax called the clock constraint specification language (CCSL) to demonstrate what can be done based on this structure. This paper gives a brief overview of this syntax and its formal semantics, and shows how existing UML model elements can be used to apply this syntax in a graphical way and benefit from the semantics.     

基于UML和平台的嵌入式系统设计方法研究

针对嵌入式系统设计和开发的特点和需求的不断提高导致设计开发的复杂性,研究了将UML和平台结合进行嵌入式系统设计的一种方法,使用UML描述平台细节和所提供的功能;利用UML的扩展特性建立了一种UML平台profile,包含建立新的构造类、构造关系、标签值和约束;并将这种UML和平台相结合的设计方法应用在嵌入式系统实例上,选择了组成嵌入式系统实例的硬件和软件平台,针对实例平台不同的服务层次建立了面向应用建模服务的相应实例平台模型,使用了静态图和动态图表示了这种平台模型,并且描述了实例平台模型的一种应用.     

基于UML的嵌入式软件建模研究

本文以某型嵌入式控制系统软件的设计建模为例,证明了以可视化面向对象的UML建模工具,能够有效克服传统嵌入式系统软件设计中出现的问题,为嵌入式系统软件开发人员提供了一种新的设计开发方法。     

基于UML的模具网络化协商事务处理系统分析与设计

UML是在Booch,OMT,OOSE等面向对象建模方法的基础上发展起来的新一代标准图形化建模语言。它具有非常丰富的表达能力,是目前最为流行的建模语言。文章基于我国模具制造业的基本发展状况,首先采用UML的用例图(UseCaseDiagrams)对模具网络化协商事务处理系统进行用例分析,然后再利用活动图(ActivityDiagrams)对它的工作流进行了分析,最后,在此基础上再进一步利用UML的类图(ClassDiagrams)对协商事务处理系统进行了设计。     

Modeling safety and airworthiness (RTCA DO-178B) information: conceptual model and UML profile

Several safety-related standards exist for developing and certifying safety-critical systems. System safety assessments are common practice and system certification according to a standard requires submitting relevant system safety information to appropriate authorities. The RTCA DO-178B standard is a software quality assurance, safety-related standard for the development of software aspects of aerospace systems. This research introduces an approach to improve communication and collaboration among safety engineers, software engineers, and certification authorities in the context of RTCA DO-178B. This is achieved by utilizing a Unified Modeling Language (UML) profile that allows software engineers to model safety-related concepts and properties in UML, the de facto software modeling standard. A conceptual meta-model is defined based on RTCA DO-178B, and then a corresponding UML profile, which we call SafeUML, is designed to enable its precise modeling. We show how SafeUML improves communication by, for example, allowing monitoring implementation of safety requirements during the development process, and supporting system certification per RTCA DO-178B. This is enabled through automatic generation of safety and certification-related information from UML models. We validate this approach through a case study on developing an aircraft’s navigation controller subsystem.     

时间符号迁移图及其互模拟判定

引入时间符号迁移图的概念，作为既涉及通讯又具有实时性的并发系统的模型，该文给出了这种迁移图时间互模拟的算法，并证明了该算法的正确性。     

基于UML的软件测试用例自动生成技术研究

测试用例自动生成是软件自动化测试的基础与关键。随着UML的广泛应用，基于UML模型的测试用例自动生成技术日益受到关注。本文提出了通过对UML Sequence Diagram进行形式化分析产生测试场景的技术，定义了相应的测试覆盖准则，分析了测试数据的生成。并探讨了将测试工具和建模工具相结合的具体实现方法。     

Integrating visual goal models into the Rational Unified Process

The Rational Unified Process is a comprehensive process model that is tailorable, provides templates for the software engineering products, and integrates the use of the Unified Modeling Language (UML); it is rapidly becoming a de facto standard for developing software. The process supports the definition of requirements at multiple levels. Currently, the early requirements, or goals, are captured in a textual document called the Vision Document, as the UML does not include a goal modeling diagram. The goals are subsequently refined into software requirements, captured in UML Use Case Diagrams. Given the well documented advantages of visual modeling techniques in requirements engineering, including the efficient communication and understanding of complex information among numerous diverse stakeholders, the need for an enhanced version of the Vision Document template which supports the visual modeling of goals is identified. Here, an Enhanced Vision Document is proposed which integrates two existing visual goal models: AND/OR Graph for functional goals and Softgoal Interdependency Graph for non-functional goals. A specific approach to establishing traceability relationships from the goals to the Use Cases is presented. Tool support has been developed for the Enhanced Vision Document template; the approach is illustrated using an example system called the Quality Assurance Review Assistant Tool.     

输送系统的UML建模、优化与实现

将面向对象方法引入输送系统的建模和分析过程，采用统一建模语言UML对系统的功能、对象结构、行为和活动以及实现方式等建立了一整套模型。UML模型可以采用面向对象语言快速实现，按照模块化结构，使用PLC编程语言也可实现面向对象编程。采用UML对输送系统进行分析可将系统实现的复杂性降低，有利于系统的分析和设计，系统的优化算法可以在此基础上进一步研究和实现。（以一个工程为实例，说明了相对于传统的顺控方案，以UML模型为基础的输送系统在开发和维护、扩充和代码重用等方面具有显著优势，UML在顺序控制系统中具有广阔的应用和研究前景。）     

Reasoning about UML/OCL class diagrams using constraint logic programming and formula

Model Driven Engineering promotes the use of models as the main artifacts in software and system development. Verification and validation of models are key activities to ensure the quality of the system under development. This paper presents a framework to reason about the satisfiability of class models described using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The proposed framework allows us to identify possible design flaws as early as possible in the software development cycle. More specifically, we focus on UML Class Diagrams annotated with Object Constraint Language (OCL) invariants, which are considered to be the main artifacts in Object-Oriented analysis and design for representing the static structure of a system. We use the Constraint Logic programming (CLP) paradigm to reason about UML Class Diagrams modeling foundations. In particular, we use Formula as a model-finding and design space exploration tool. We also present an experimental Eclipse plug-in, which implements our UML model to Formula translation proposal following a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach. The proposed framework can be used to reason, validate, and verify UML Class Diagram software designs by checking correctness properties and generating model instances using the model exploration tool Formula.     

UML specification of access control policies and their formal verification

Security requirements have become an integral part of most modern software systems. In order to produce secure systems, it is necessary to provide software engineers with the appropriate systematic support. We propose a methodology to integrate the specification of access control policies into Unified Modeling Language (UML) and provide a graph-based formal semantics for the UML access control specification which permits to reason about the coherence of the access control specification. The main concepts in the UML access control specification are illustrated with an example access control model for distributed object systems.