差分隐私的查询一致性约束研究

针对差分隐私直方图发布中区间查询的不一致问题,研究已有需迭代调整的局部最优线性无偏估计算法LBLUE,提出一种不需迭代且满足一致性约束查询的CA算法。通过对1棵添加Laplace噪声的满k-叉区间树进行一致性调整：先利用TDICE算法进行自顶向下的不一致估计,再利用BUCE算法进行自底向上的一致性估计,得到满足一致性约束查询的差分隐私满k-叉区间树,遍历后发布满足一致性约束查询的直方图数据。经过证明和实验分析,一致性调整后的查询区间满足一致性约束查询,且精确度优于Boost-2算法和LBLUE算法的,同时算法的时间效率高于LBLUE算法的。     

基于多序的空间数据索引结构——MOIS-树

以提高查询效率为目标,运用数据空间分割技术、结合B-树和R-树思想,提出了一种空间数据索引结构——MOIS-树,给出了全新的区域查询处理方法和空间对象按其MBR进行排序的4种序关系定义,并以此为基础给出了MOIS-树的定义,规定MOIS-树中的中间节点的所有孩子节点按其几何位置满足某种序的关系,从而使得在中间节点中进行查询时可以进行快速定位,明显地加快了查询的速度.此外,在查询算法中引入查询窗口包含中间节点MBR的检测,对于较大查询窗口的查询,有效地减少了常规查询算法中大量无效的相交性判断,从另一方面加快了查询速度.给出了MOIS-树的建立算法、节点插入算法及算法的正确性、可终止性证明及时间复杂度分析,并给出区域查询算法及算法的性能分析.实验表明,索引结构区域查询速度有很大的提高.     

在Cache替换策略中的XPath Fragment包含算法

在基于查询的XML cache环境中，查询包含算法对于cache替换策略的性能来说是很重要的。XML查询通常用XPath表达式来表达，XPath表达式等价于树模式。本文研究了Xpath查询语言片段的包含问题，实际上我们研完了树模式的一个特殊例子，证明了一个模式包含的声音和完全的PTIME算法。我们也分析了它的时间复杂度，实验结果也证实了我们的分析。     

DTD约束下的XML树模式查询最小化

目前大部分XML查询语言都使用树模式来匹配待查询的XML文档树以得到所需要的、与模式树相吻合的查询结果,此效率在很大程度上取决于XML模式树的大小,那么尽可能快速地查找并删除查询模式树中的冗余节点就变得十分重要。重点讨论DTD约束下树模式的最小化问题,将DTD兄弟约束SC拓展成扩展兄弟约束ESC,使其能够表达DTD约束中的祖先-后代关系;并指出只包含{ESC,/,//,[],*}的查询树模式的最小化问题的复杂度是指数级的,且当模式树是分支受限的时候,其最小化问题的复杂度是多项式时间的;最后给出了一个多项式时间的受限分支的模式树最小化算法。     

基于缓存技术的XML代数查询优化

针对XML代数查询优化,采用缓存技术将经常被查询到的模式树保存在缓存中,根据匹配规则判断查询模式树是否与缓存中的模式树匹配,对匹配的部分直接从缓存中获取部分查询结果,以提高查询效率。分析查询与缓存的模式匹配规则,并通过实验证明该规则的可行性和有效性。     

一种改进XML模式树查询最小化算法

对XML模式树查询进行最小化查询优化,是左右XML数据查询处理性能的关键因素。对模式树查询最小化技术进行了研究,结合XML结构索引提出了一种改进的XML模式树查询最小化算法。该算法有效地解决了普遍意义上的语法层次优化中不能有效删除冗余节点的缺陷,从而提高了查询效率。实验结果表明该算法是正确的和有效的。     

存在完整性约束时最小化树模式查询的算法

树模式是查询树型结构数据如XML和LDAP的天然模型。在一个给定的数据库上进行查询，查询的效率很大程度上依赖于查询的大小。因此，在查询前删除查询中的冗余分支，使查询最小化是非常重要的。在树型结构数据库中，存在孩子必需、后代必需和子类3种完整性约束是十分普遍的。针对存在这3种完整性约束的情况，基于扩展的模拟概念提出了一种复杂度为O（n^2）的最小化树模式查询算法（n为树模式查询的节点数）。分析结果表明这个算法的效率要远高于同类算法。     

面向任意区间树结构的差分隐私直方图发布算法*

当前一种有效的差分隐私直方图发布是先将直方图映射成满m叉区间树,后利用查询一致性约束提高查询精度.然而,并非所有直方图都能映射成满m叉区间树.针对此问题,文中首先提出可实现任意直方图向树结构映射的k-区间树;然后从理论上分析对于任意区间树结构下的差分隐私直方图发布,仍可在一致性约束下利用最优线性无偏估计进一步降低区间计数查询的误差;最后提出面向任意区间树结构基于局部最优线性无偏估计的差分隐私直方图发布算法(LBLUE).实验对比分析同类算法和LBLUE所发布数据的区间计数查询精度及算法效率,表明LBLUE有效可行.     

基于时空标签轨迹的范围模式匹配查询

针对时空标签轨迹的语义描述,结合传统移动对象范围查询,提出范围模式匹配查询并给出形式化表示。范围模式匹配查询返回在给定时空范围内匹配给定查询模式的所有轨迹,设计基于标签R树的范围模式匹配查询算法,并介绍查询算法中的筛选过程及精细计算过程。通过大量实验,从查询算法的不同参数角度分析,与基于RR-Tree、3DR-Tree、TB-Tree及SETI的查询算法进行对比,验证了提出的基于标签R树的范围模式匹配查询算法的有效性。     

基于XML的完全频繁查询模式挖掘算法

使用树结构建模对XML查询进行研究,提出了一种基于树同构的查询包含检测方法。采用最右分枝扩展方法,系统地枚举查询模式树的同根子树。在枚举过程中,采用Diffset结构记录包含同根子树的事务集的查询事务标识,并给出挖掘算法DiffFRSTMiner。实验结果证实了该算法合理、高效,并可以减少一定的内存开销。     

Evaluation Techniques for Generalized Path Pattern Queries on XML Data

Finding the occurrences of structural patterns in XML data is a key operation in XML query processing. Existing algorithms for this operation focus almost exclusively on path patterns or tree patterns. Current applications of XML require querying of data whose structure is complex or is not fully known to the user, or integrating XML data sources with different structures. These applications have motivated recently the introduction of query languages that allow a partial specification of path patterns in a query. In this paper, we consider partial path queries, a generalization of path pattern queries, and we focus on their efficient evaluation under the indexed streaming evaluation model. Our approach explicitly deals with repeated labels (that is, multiple occurrences of the same label in a query). We show that partial path queries can be represented as rooted dags for which a topological ordering of the nodes exists. We present three algorithms for the efficient evaluation of these queries. The first one exploits a structural summary of data to generate a set of path patterns that together are equivalent to a partial path query. To evaluate these path patterns, we extend a previous algorithm for path-pattern queries so that it can work on path patterns with repeated labels. The second one extracts a spanning tree from the query dag, uses a stack-based algorithm to find the matches of the root-to-leaf paths in the tree, and merge-joins the matches to compute the answer. Finally, the third one exploits multiple pointers of stack entries and a topological ordering of the query dag to apply a stack-based holistic technique. We analyze our algorithms and perform extensive experimental evaluations. Our experimental results show that the holistic algorithm outperforms the other ones. Our approaches are the first ones to efficiently evaluate this class of queries in the indexed streaming model.     

基于自动机的XML流多查询处理

XML流数据处理在研究领域引起广泛关注,该文针对XML流上的多查询处理提出一种算法,把多个查询合并为一个共享前缀的查询树,应用自动机和运行时栈相结合的方法,单遍扫描XML流处理数据流上的多个查询。该算法采用一种分层栈结构保存查询模式匹配候选集,利用XML节点的区间编码来确定节点之间的关系,返回整条匹配路径。     

有效支持XML结构化连接的索引——CATI

结构化连接的效率直接影响着XML查询的性能,目前对XML的结构化连接大多都是基于编码的方法.介绍了一种全新的有效支持XML结构化连接的树索引CATI(compact ancestor tree index)CATI的基本思想是,对于给定的一个祖先后代查询(A-D查询)或Twig查询,遍历XML文档,找出所有的祖先A的实例,用以建立CATI的主干;对于每个A实例,找出它的直接后代D的实例链接在它的后面.因为经典的结构连接算法Stack-Tree算法效率较高且使用较广,因此应用基于CATI的结构连接算法和基于Stack-Tree的结构连接算法就A-D查询和Twig查询做了大量实验.实验结果表明,基于CATI的结构化连接在一般查询情况下性能明显优于基于Stack-Tree的结构化连接.     

Containment of partially specified tree-pattern queries in the presence of dimension graphs

Nowadays, huge volumes of data are organized or exported in tree-structured form. Querying capabilities are provided through tree-pattern queries. The need for querying tree-structured data sources when their structure is not fully known, and the need to integrate multiple data sources with different tree structures have driven, recently, the suggestion of query languages that relax the complete specification of a tree pattern. In this paper, we consider a query language that allows the partial specification of a tree pattern. Queries in this language range from structureless keyword-based queries to completely specified tree patterns. To support the evaluation of partially specified queries, we use semantically rich constructs, called dimension graphs, which abstract structural information of the tree-structured data. We address the problem of query containment in the presence of dimension graphs and we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for query containment. As checking query containment can be expensive, we suggest two heuristic approaches for query containment in the presence of dimension graphs. Our approaches are based on extracting structural information from the dimension graph that can be added to the queries while preserving equivalence with respect to the dimension graph. We considered both cases: extracting and storing different types of structural information in advance, and extracting information on-the-fly (at query time). Both approaches are implemented, validated, and compared through experimental evaluation.     

基于道路网的连续k近邻查询算法

针对增量式监测算法(IMA)的冗余搜索问题,提出一种基于IMA改进的移动对象连续k近邻(Continuous k Nearest Neighbor, CkNN)查询处理新算法。采用增量式查询处理机制;利用距离相近的查询其查询结果大部分相同这一特性,在以查询点为中心进行网络扩展之前,首先执行一个预处理过程,分析相近的其他查询的扩展树,并重用其中的有效部分,从而避免了对道路网的盲目扩展;且在节点的网络扩展中,通过应用具有相同扩展方向的其他查询的扩展结果,不仅减少了对道路网的重复扩展,还节省了计算代价。实验结果表明,所提算法同传统算法相比较, 缩短了查询响应时间,提高了运行效率,并且适用于不同类型的k近邻查询。     

道路网中的移动对象连续范围查询

研究了采用网络距离的道路网上移动对象连续多范围查询处理技术。设计了道路网、移动对象和查询数据在内存中存储的数据模型。基于该数据模型提出了两种道路网上的移动对象连续多范围查询处理算法。其中,增量式范围查询算法(incremental range query algorithm,IRQA)通过使用扩张树和影响列表结构减少查询的重新计算;组范围查询算法(group range query algorithm,GRQA)利用同一路径上多查询的结果具有相关性这一特点减少查询的重新计算。实验结果表明GRQA算法在查询分布比较集中时性能较优,IRQA算法在查询均匀分布时性能较优,此外,两种算法均优于重新计算所有查询结果的原始算法。     

An efficient index structure for XML based on generalized suffix tree

A novel index structure based on the generalized suffix tree (PIGST) is proposed. Combined with post lists, PIGST can answer both structural and content queries. The distinct paths in an XML collection are mapped into strings. The construction algorithm of the PIGST for the path strings is presented based on the modification and improvement of a well-known suffix tree construction algorithm that only requires linear time and space complexity. The query process merely needs m character comparisons for direct containment queries, where m is the length of a query string. An efficient processing method for the indirect containment queries that avoids the inefficient tree traversal operation is also presented. Experiments show that PIGST outperforms earlier approaches.     

Optimization of distributed tree queries

In this paper the problem of finding an optimum strategy of semi joins for solving tree queries is studied under the objective of total time minimization. Tree queries that are conjunctions of equi-join clauses such that any two relations in the query have at most one attribute in common are considered. This class of tree queries is a superset of classes of tree queries, such as chain queries and simple queries, that have been studied for semi-join optimization in the literature. An algorithm based on dynamic programming to find the optimum semi-join strategy for a given query is presented. The search space for finding the optimum is reduced by eliminating strategies that can never be the optimum. This is accomplished by utilizing a set of properties that a potentially optimum strategy should satisfy.