三维服装CAD中几何约束表达及其求解技术研究

从人体及服装的特点出发,提出三维服装几何元素的概念．采用样条曲线作为基本几何元素,归纳出服装的三种约束关系,即共点、对称和自对称关系;成为约束关系形成的基础．以三种约束关系为基础,建立了面向服装的几何约束图,有效地表达了三维服装几何元素及其相互关系;实现了一种基于约束图的约束求解方法。从而完成了构造服装及对服装的交互参数化修改,文中给出了应用实例,并将参数化方法向高层次图素如样条曲线、曲面作了推广,成功地应用于以样条曲线为几何元素的参数化服装CAD系统中,运行效果良好。     

三维复杂曲面的手绘生成方法

为便于用户在概念设计时快速进行三维形状设计,将变分隐式曲面表示与手绘草图相结合,提出一种三维复杂曲面的交互生成方法.该方法分别采用膨胀变换、曲线交叉变换和弯曲变换,将轮廓、截面和骨架等3种交互笔画扩展生成三维约束点,支持用户以手绘草图方式来控制生成三维曲面的形状;通过对变分隐式曲面函数的局部化来实现曲面混合,保证三维复杂曲面交互生成的实时性.实验结果表明:文中方法能生成多种不同形状的三维复杂曲面,可有效地支持三维复杂形状的"分而治之"构造过程.     

基于层次B样条的网格模型变形技术

针对常用的网格模型提出了一个基于层次B样条控制的三维网格空间变形框架．首先由用户交互地选取编辑区域，由程序完成编辑区域的参数化和均匀重采样；然后用层次B样条光顺拟合这些均匀采样点，所得的R样条曲面作为网格模型的基曲面，计算待编辑区域中网格顶点相对该B样条基曲面的局部坐标，该局部坐标平移、旋转不变，可视为模型的内蕴几何特征，并作为变形操作中的不变量．用户通过编辑层次B样条基曲面或者直接编辑三维网格模型，可实现多分辨率变形．实验结果表明：该方法操作直观方便，无论对整体还是局部变形，都能取得可控、可靠的变形效果，且采刚B样条曲面的控制手段易于与已有的造型系统合成．     

插值边界的四边网格离散极小曲面建模方法

如何实现极小曲面的快速三维建模,是几何设计与计算领域中的难点和热点问题.给定一条封闭的边界离散折线,本文研究如何构造以其为边界的四边网格离散极小曲面.首先从曲面的内蕴微分几何度量出发,给出了离散四边网格极小曲面的数学定义;然后利用保长度边界投影、四边网格生成、径向基函数插值映射和非线性优化技术,提出了由给定边界离散折线快速构造离散四边网格极小曲面的一般技术框架.最后通过若干建模实例验证了本文方法的有效性.该方法可实现四边网格极小曲面的高质量建模,在建筑几何领域具有一定的应用价值.     

基于非均匀Catmull-Clark细分方法的曲线插值

带有复杂型曲线插值约束的细分曲面的生成,是计算机图形学及几何造型技术等领域所关心的一个问题.鉴于此,提出了一种高效的可以插值三次NURBS曲线的细分曲面生成方法.只需在被插值曲线的控制多边形两侧构造具有对称性质的四边形,构成对称网格带;证明了对该对称网格带应用Sederberg等人提出的非均匀Catmull-Clark细分规则以后,它将收敛于这条被插值曲线.因此,含有这种对称网格带的多面体网格的细分极限曲面即为满足曲线插值约束的细分曲面.应用该方法,既可以插值单条NURBS曲线,也可以插值由多条NURBS曲线组成的曲线网格.因此,该方法广泛适用于产品外形和图形软件设计.     

一种修改NURBS曲线形状的新方法

曲线曲面的形状修改是计算机几何造型过程中的重要部分．文章提出了一种修改NURBS曲线的新方法，使得修改后的曲线在多个参数点处满足用户给定的几何约束(如点约束、切矢约束)，首先引入了一些新的概念如：局部曲线、总曲线、多余约束和多余曲线等．对于每个参数点分别计算出一系列满足该点处几何约束的局部曲线，并由此构造了总曲线．接着插值一条满足多余约束的多余曲线．最后运用构造Coons曲面的思想，计算出最终的修改曲线，它等于总曲线减去多余曲线．同时我们发现两种现存的修改NURBS曲线的方法是一样的．实例表明此方法适用于CAD软件系统。     

服装CAD中三维人体模型的参数化研究

针对三角网格曲面表示的3D人体模型缺少语义信息，提出一种3D人体模型的参数化方法：首先通过三角面片求交的采样策略得到采样点，然后使用B样条曲线构造人体轮廓线，最后由用户交互得到3D人体模型的参数化信息，建立3D人体模型的参数化模板．这样，在参数化人体模型模板的基础上，可以根据用户所输入的特定人体参数信息，动态地调整轮廓线和重建人体模型体表曲面，快速生成逼真的3D人体模型，从而满足服装CAD中根据用户身材尺寸大小定制服装的应用需求．     

面向客户便捷交互的三维衣领款式参数化设计技术

由于传统二维衣领CAD不够形象直观,客户难以参与衣领款式的设计.为此提出一种支持客户便捷交互的衣领款式设计方法.通过多层次模型对三维衣领进行参数化表达,给出立领、平领、衬衫领、翻驳领等典型衣领款式的几何模型,并自动构建衣领曲面;根据轮廓曲线拖曳驱动衣领曲面造型,给出了轮廓曲线约束表达、求解方法,提高交互友好性;对轮廓曲线编码/解码,实现衣领款式存储与重用,方便设计成果共享;采用质点-弹簧模型参数化展平三维衣领曲面,生成二维裁片,结合纹理映射支持客户图纹设计.最后给出三维衣领款式设计实例,结果表明该方法适合客户便捷交互,可较好地表达衣领款式的要求和创意.     

从物理模型重构三维体数据场

本文着重研究三维体数据场基于整体对象数据表示及数据解释的物理构模问题．首先通过三维几何造型建立数据模型的几何表示，然后通过几何匹配的方法从数据场抽取出具有相同几何特征的曲面，以实现基于模型的数据场重构．本文还提出了一种快速B样条曲线离散生成算法，并据此提出了曲线控制多边形的估算方法，用于抽取数据场几何特征．     

几何迭代法及其应用综述

几何迭代法,又称渐进迭代逼近(progressive-iterative approximation,PIA),是一种具有明显几何意义的迭代方法.它通过不断调整曲线曲面的控制顶点,生成的极限曲线曲面插值(逼近)给定的数据点集.文中从理论和应用2个方面对几何迭代法进行了综述.在理论方面,介绍了插值型几何迭代法的迭代格式、收敛性证明、局部性质、加速方法,以及逼近型几何迭代法的迭代格式和收敛性证明等.进而,展示了几何迭代法在几个方面的成功应用,包括自适应数据拟合、大规模数据拟合、对称曲面拟合,以及插值给定位置、切矢量和曲率矢量的曲线迭代生成,有质量保证的四边网格和六面体网格生成,三变量B-spline体的生成等.     

Feature based 3D garment design through 2D sketches

This paper presents a new approach for intuitively modeling a three-dimensional (3D) garment around a 3D human model by two-dimensional (2D) sketches input. Our approach is feature based—every human model has pre-defined features, and the constructed garments are related to the features on human models. Firstly, a feature template for creating a customized 3D garment is defined according to the features on a human model; secondly, the profiles of the 3D garment are specified through 2D sketches; finally, a smooth mesh surface interpolating the specified profiles is constructed by a modified variational subdivision scheme. The resulting mesh surface can be cut and flattened into 2D patterns to be manufactured. Our approach provides a 3D design tool to create garment patterns directly in the 3D space through 2D strokes, which is a characteristic not available in other computer aided garment design systems. The constructed garment patterns are related to the features on a human model, so the patterns can be regenerated automatically when creating the same style of garment for other human models. Our technique can greatly improve the efficiency and the quality of pattern making in the garment industry.     

基于子图的草图设计和约束求解

提出了一种基于子图的拟序列化草图设计方法。基于标识的约束模型统一了二维、三维约束,使得每个几何元素对应唯一的标识,几何元素之间的约束关系表示为标识之间的约束,这些约束被分为结构约束和尺寸约束。提出了基于序列化设计过程的约束求解方法。实验表明,该技术可快速有效地进行参数化草图设计和特征编辑。     

Interactive 3D garment design with constrained contour curves and style curves

This paper presents interactive techniques to design 3D garments conveniently and precisely with constrained contour curves and style curves. Contour curves, including silhouette curves and cross section curves, are used for garment surface modeling. Style curves, including seam lines, dart lines, notch lines and grain lines, are introduced for designing patterns on the triangular garment surfaces. Contour curves are extracted automatically from the boundaries of garment sub-meshes. The definitions and resolving rules of various constraints are introduced for editing the contour curves conveniently. Style curves are generated by projecting control points onto 3D garment triangular surfaces. In order to draw the style curves validly, some constraints are also introduced according to the craft requirements of pattern design. Furthermore, the effects of style curves in pattern flattening are analyzed, which can guide the designer to draw style curves more reasonably and enhance the pattern design quality. Finally, some examples are given to show that our methods can make the 3D garment design more flexible and friendly, and style curves can be applied into design patterns on 3D triangular surface for shoes, toys and so on.     

Geometric Snakes for Triangular Meshes

Feature detection is important in various mesh processing techniques, such as mesh editing, mesh morphing, mesh compression, and mesh signal processing. In spite of much research in computer vision, automatic feature detection even for images still remains a difficult problem. To avoid this difficulty, semi‐automatic or interactive techniques for image feature detection have been investigated. In this paper, we propose a geometric snake as an interactive tool for feature detection on a 3D triangular mesh. A geometric snake is an extension of an image snake, which is an active contour model that slithers from its initial position specified by the user to a nearby feature while minimizing an energy functional. To constrain the movement of a geometric snake onto the surface of a mesh, we use the parameterization of the surrounding region of a geometric snake. Although the definition of a feature may vary among applications, we use the normal changes of faces to detect features on a mesh. Experimental results demonstrate that geometric snakes can successfully capture nearby features from user‐specified initial positions.     

服装参数化设计中的碰撞检测技术研究

服装参数化设计中的碰撞检测属于静态碰撞检测,具有精确性和实时性的要求,服装约束系统的有效性也需要维护。将服装参数化模型分为4个层次,针对各个层次提出不同的碰撞检测要求。碰撞检测对约束求解产生影响,通过改变约束求解顺序或改变约束链,达到对约束系统有效性的维护。分片构建具有统一拓扑结构的服装初始网格曲面,利用分片细分技术构造服装显示网格曲面,通过对显示曲面的碰撞检测来提高碰撞检测精度,相应地依赖于显示曲面的服装款式切割线,也需要映射到服装初始网格曲面上。服装曲面细分碰撞对速度产生影响,利用分片分区技术并综合多种方法提高碰撞检测速度。对服装曲面的自碰撞检测和具有约束的碰撞精确反应,也给出了多种解决方法。实例表明,本文的算法是健壮和有效的,并在开发的服装3维设计系统中得到应用。     

On generating realistic avatars: dress in your own style

The use of 3D avatars is becoming more frequent with the development of computer technology and the internet. To meet users?? requirements, some software or programs have allowed users to customize the avatar. However, users are only able to customize the avatar using the pre-defined accessories such as hair, clothing and so on. That is, users have limited chance to customize the avatar according to their own styles. It will be of interest to users if they are able to change the appearance of the avatar by their own design, such as creating garments for avatars themselves. This paper provides an easy solution to dressing realistic 3D avatars for non-professional users based on a sketch interface. After a user drawing a 2D garment profile around the avatar, the prototype system can generate an elaborate 3D geometric garment surface dressed on the avatar. The construction of the garment surface is constrained by key body features. And the garment shape is then optimized to remove artefacts. The proposed method can generate a uniform mesh for processing such as mesh refinement, 3D decoration and so on.     

一种改进的薄壁文物碎片特征轮廓线提取技术

针对使用一般的边界提取方法提取三维网格模型特征轮廓线不完整问题,提出一 种新的薄壁文物碎片特征轮廓线提取的综合算法。区别了特征轮廓线和轮廓线的概念,引入主 轮廓线和次轮廓线以及二级邻接生长曲面的概念。主轮廓线的提取使用改进的基于边重数判断 的提取方法;提出次轮廓线的一种新的提取方法：首先对三维网格曲面分割并识别断裂面,然 后对断裂面的二级邻接生长曲面进行曲面扫描,提取次轮廓线;最后从主轮廓线和次轮廓线中 得到三维模型的特征轮廓线。使用该算法准确地提取了文物碎片的特征轮廓线,实验结果表明 此方法稳定且准确。