高温烟气过滤SiC多孔陶瓷孔隙率及烧结工艺研究

主要研究了碳化硅多孔陶瓷孔隙率的影响因素以及烧结工艺对碳化硅多孔陶瓷材料性能的影响。碳化硅多孔陶瓷孔隙率的大小直接影响其烟气的过滤效率,通过研究碳化硅骨料的粒径,碳化硅的含量以及造孔剂含量对孔隙率和孔径大小的影响因素,实现了对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的孔隙率大小的有效控制。同时对碳化硅多孔陶瓷的烧结工艺中的烧成气氛和烧成温度进行了研究,研究发现,在弱氧化气氛下,烧成温度为1330℃时制备的碳化硅多孔陶瓷具有较高的孔隙率和较为优异的力学性能。     

高温气固分离SiC多孔陶瓷材料制备及性能研究

本文利用等静压成型高温气固分离碳化硅多孔陶瓷支撑体,研究了碳化硅含量、造孔剂含量、成型压力及烧成温度对碳化硅多孔陶瓷支撑体孔隙率及抗折强度的影响。通过研究发现,碳化硅含量在88wt%、成型压力为40 MPa、烧成温度为1330℃时,制备的碳化硅支撑体性能较为理想,可用于工业化生产。     

烧成氛围对多孔碳化硅支撑体耐碱性能的影响

以平均粒径为14.7μm的碳化硅为骨料、0.8μm的氧化锆为烧结助剂、7.8μm的石墨粉为造孔剂,采用干压成型法制备了多孔SiC支撑体,研究了空气、先空气后氩气(空气-氩气)、先空气后氮气(空气-氮气)、氩气、氮气烧成气氛围对多孔碳化硅支撑体耐碱性能等的影响。结果表明:在空气-氩气氛围下烧成,得到的多孔碳化硅支撑体综合性能最优。当惰性气氛起始烧成温度为1 100℃、煅烧终温为1 400℃时,制备的多孔碳化硅支撑体的平均孔径为1.9μm,孔隙率为45%,抗弯强度为40 MPa,纯水渗透率为165 m~3×m~(-2)×h~(-1)×MPa~(-1)。经80℃,1%(质量分数)的Na OH溶液腐蚀10 d后,多孔碳化硅支撑体的抗弯强度仍保持在30 MPa。     

用不同硅质原料来制备莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷

分别以Al(OH)3为铝质原料,气相白炭黑和硅灰为硅质原料,在1330 ℃下实现了莫来石的低温合成,莫来石转化率达90%以上.以碳化硅为骨料,以20%结合剂制得了莫来石结合碳化硅复相陶瓷多孔材料.当材料的气孔率为31.46%时,抗折强度达85.75 MPa.利用XRD和SEM分别研究了不同硅质原料合成莫来石结合碳化硅材料中莫来石转化率及材料烧成温度对材料性能的影响.作为比较,研究了以红柱石为合成莫来石原料来制备Mullite/SiC复相陶瓷多孔材料.     

碳化硅多孔陶瓷的性能研究

研究了碳化硅多孔陶瓷的性能与烧成温度、氧化铝引入量、混料粒度等因素的关系,评定了将其作为过滤件的过滤效果。     

低温烧结制备高气体渗透率的多孔碳化硅陶瓷研究

采用低温烧结法制备多孔碳化硅陶瓷,研究了成型压力、烧结温度等对其开气孔率、抗压强度、表面最大孔径和气体渗透率等的影响,通过SEM、EDS等表征其微观形貌和成分等。结果表明:在较低烧结温度850~950℃中烧成时,随着烧成温度的升高,多孔碳化硅陶瓷开气孔率和气体渗透率先增大后减小,体密度先减小后增大,表面最大孔径增加;抗压强度随开气孔率的增大而降低,压缩应力-应变表明多孔陶瓷的压溃分阶逐次进行,通过数次的局部压溃现象(应力台阶)来松弛主裂纹尖端的应力集中;随着成型压力的增加,其最大孔径和气体渗透率减小;在50 MPa成型870℃烧成时,多孔碳化硅陶瓷开气孔率达到38.4%,抗压强度80 MPa,表面最大孔径为12.86μm,气体渗透率达361.82m3/(m2·h·k Pa)。     

氧化铝添加量对多孔碳化硅支撑体性能的影响

以平均粒径为27.6μm的α-Si C为骨料、亚微米碳化硅和α-Al2O3为助烧剂,采用干压成型法在空气氛围中烧成制备多孔碳化硅支撑体,研究了氧化铝含量对多孔碳化硅支撑体结构及性能的影响。结果表明:当氧化铝添加量为10%(质量分数)、烧成温度为1 450℃时,支撑体的孔径、孔隙率、抗弯强度和纯水通量分别为0.3μm、31.8%、39.1 MPa和786 L·m~(–2)·h~(–1)·bar~(–1)。经过80℃,10%的Na OH溶液中腐蚀4 h后,多孔碳化硅支撑体的抗弯强度仍高于18 MPa。     

发泡法制备硅藻土多孔陶瓷及性能研究

为了改善多孔陶瓷的隔热性能,以工业硅藻土为原料,Isobam-104为分散剂和结合剂,羧甲基纤维素钠为稳泡剂,十二烷基硫酸三乙醇胺为发泡剂,通过发泡注浆成型工艺制备了硅藻土多孔陶瓷,并研究了烧成温度(分别为1 100、1 150、1 200和1 250℃)对其性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧成温度的提高,所制备多孔陶瓷的显气孔率逐渐降低,耐压强度逐渐增大;当烧成温度为1 100℃时,多孔陶瓷的显气孔率和耐压强度分别为84.5%和1.11 MPa;当烧成温度增至1 200℃时,试样的显气孔率和耐压强度分别为83.4%和2.01 MPa,其在200℃下的热导率为0.105 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),具有较好的隔热性能。综合考虑硅藻土多孔陶瓷的各项性能认为,其最佳烧成条件为1 200℃保温2 h。     

烧成温度对SiC多孔陶瓷的影响

选用SiC作为骨料,低熔点陶瓷结合剂和活性C作为成孔剂,对不同的烧成温度下多孔陶瓷的基本性能进行了研究.温度的提高使SiC多孔陶瓷的气孔率增大,气孔形状逐渐呈不规则变化,晶界玻璃相对SiC颗粒的润湿以及在SiC颗粒表面的扩展作用增强,提高了对骨料颗粒的粘结作用,使瓷体强度提高,但晶界玻璃相自身结合强度降低;气孔通道在1240℃烧成温度下多为贯通型,1280℃呈网状分布,1320℃下多为贯通型且存在大量交联通道;大于1300℃烧成时,由于SiC的高温氧化产物参与晶界相反应,使局部界面结合强度大大提高,出现SiC颗粒拔出断裂现象.     

氧化结合法制备多孔碳化硅陶瓷及其特性

以不同粒径碳化硅为骨料,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为粘结剂,在大气中利用碳化硅颗粒表面氧化成的SiO2粘接在一起低温合成多孔碳化硅陶瓷.分析了粒径大小、烧结温度、成型压力对氧化结合多孔碳化硅陶瓷特性的影响.用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM研究了碳化硅陶瓷的氧化性能,物相组成,微观形貌.结果表明:原始粒径越小,碳化硅陶瓷的活性越高,相应的氧化程度越高,在1μm时氧化率最高达到49.58％,但其在1000℃保温100 h质量增重也最高达7.53％;随着烧结温度升高,碳化硅氧化率增加,气孔率相应地降低;成型压力也对碳化硅陶瓷的氧化率,气孔率产生一定影响.     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响。对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸为直径21 mm的时候模具翘曲表现更好。     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

关于建立火炸药安全数据库的探讨

由反映火炸药及其制品的危险性能和用于对它们的生产、储运系统进行安全评价数学模型出发,探讨了如何建立一个全面、实用的火炸药安全评估数据库。通过对此数据库内容、数据表示方法、数据搜索方法以及建立步骤的讨论,明确了该数据库的使用对象和主要功能。     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.