高通量筛选技术在多相催化研究中的应用

通过对组合催化研究的关键因素－－催化剂高通量筛选技术的评价分析认为：在对已有的催化体系和催化剂优化的同时，如何高校研制开发新筛选检测技术，诸如反应器设计和检测器的选择，是组合催化研究的主导思想，对此的深刻理解和运用将增强实验室的创新能力。     

组合催化的原理、策略与发展

介绍了组合催化的基本原理和催化剂库的高通量筛选方法;讨论了组合催化技术的2个关键因素———催化剂库的合成方法和相应的高通量检测技术在催化研究中的重要作用。综述了组合催化技术在无机、有机以及生物催化领域中的应用进展,指出进一步与计算机相结合,研究新的催化剂体系、开发新的催化剂合成技术和新的筛选技术是今后组合催化的发展方向和趋势。     

新型催化技术——组合催化

介绍了组合催化技术的基本原理及研究方法,对高速筛选技术及组合催化技术的应用情况进行了综述,并展望了组合催化技术发展方向和趋势。     

废聚丙烯塑料催化裂解制汽油的研究

以废旧聚丙烯塑料为原料，采用二段接触分解法催化裂解制汽油，重点进行催化剂的筛选和复配试验研究。结果表明，粒径小、比表面积大且内部孔隙较大的催化剂催化效果好。在原料与催化剂投料比不变时，多种催化剂复配组合能获得较高的产油率。     

生物催化及其在手性技术中的应用

综述了生物催化主要研究方向,包括筛选新型生物催化剂、建立高通量的筛选技术平台、改造催化剂、开发新的生物催化反应类型及介质工程研究等,同时介绍了生物催化在手性技术中的应用,指出了生物催化技术存在的问题并展望未来的发展方向。     

含铜催化剂对RDX/AP/HTPB推进剂燃烧特性的影响

采用热分析方法，研究了五种新型含铜催化剂对ＡＰ、ＡＰ／ＲＤＸ热分解特性的影响，从中筛选出两种催化效果比较好的催化剂。进一步研究了它们对ＡＰ／ＲＤＸ／ＨＴＰＢ推进剂燃速及燃速压强指数的影响。结果表明：这两种催化剂对提高燃速，降低压强指数有明显效果，经适当组合，可进一步提高燃速，降低压强指数。     

柴油机氮氧化物净化技术通过结题验收

中国科学院生态环境研究中心承担的国家“863”项目——“柴油机氮氧化物净化技术”课题，通过了科技部验收。该课题确定了氮氧化物选择性催化还原的技术路线，开发的催化剂（银／氧化铝）和还原剂（乙醇）组合体系具有原创性。在氮氧化物选择性催化还原机理研究上取得了突破性进展，阐明了银／氧化铝催化剂-乙醇组合体系高效特性的微观机制。     

组合环境催化技术研究进展

介绍了近年来组合催化技术在氮氧化物脱除催化剂设计与开发中的应用并对组合环境催化技术中的模拟、优化算法等进行综述。     

催化湿式氧化含酚废水催化剂的研究进展

催化湿式氧化技术是处理含酚废水的有效技术,此技术的关键是合适催化剂的研制和选用。本文对催化湿式氧化含酚废水催化剂的活性组分、载体等情况进行了综述,并指出选用最佳活性组分和载体的组合能够提高催化剂对苯酚的降解效率,研发高活性、高稳定性及廉价的催化剂是催化湿式氧化含酚废水的发展方向。     

对苯二甲酸加氢精制用钯炭研究

筛选了国内4个厂家的6种颗粒状活性炭,用于制备PTA钯炭。结果表明,催化剂平均钯晶粒可低至1.77 nm,分散度64.31%;催化剂初活性水平及5次连续反应的规律与进口催化剂相同,且不受钠离子影响。通过不同活性的催化剂组合和不同活性炭组合制备催化剂,得到初活性适中且比进口催化剂稳定性更高的催化效果。     

Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry in Chemical Catalysis

Despite the progress in the field of dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC), dynamic combinatorial catalysis has received considerably less attention. Some first studies, however, have provided proof of principle and demonstrated that DCC-based approaches are also applicable in catalyst development. This provides interesting new tools that are complementary to rational catalyst design and traditional combinatorial strategies. As such, DCC may become highly valuable in the field of dynamic combinatorial catalysis, due also to the practical importance of catalysis. In this review we focus on the principles of dynamic combinatorial catalysis and provide an overview by the introduction of different concepts related to the development of libraries and selection procedures in catalysis.     

Combinatorial Libraries Reloaded[1]

This essay constitutes a personal assessment of two quite different projects that the author has initiated during the last two decades, both involving combinatorial libraries of catalysts. The first encounter with combinatorial catalysis involved the use of a mixture of two different monodentate ligands in asymmetric transition metal catalysis, especially when one ligand is chiral and the other achiral. The reason for abandoning this approach as a research topic, although (industrially) successful, is outlined herein. The second and distinctly more significant approach concerns the directed evolution of stereo- and regioselective enzymes as catalysts in organic chemistry. It is not only a prolific source of catalysts for a variety of synthetically useful selective transformations, but has also produced several fundamentally important insights. The lessons learned include mechanistic intricacies of enzyme catalysis as well insights regarding cooperative mutational effects which are distinctly more than additive. The Darwinian approach to generating stereoselective enzymes is compared with evolution as it occurs in Nature.     

组合催化在石油化工催化开发中的应用

概述了组合催化的基本原理及实验装置,主要介绍了组合催化在丙烯环氧化制环氧丙烷、甲醇与甲苯侧链烷基化制苯乙烯、丁二烯制四氢呋喃、乙烷/丙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯/丙烯等石油化工过程催化剂研发中的应用,指出组合催化将是未来发现新催化材料及新催化过程的有效手段。     

Supramolecular Self-Assembled Ligands in Asymmetric Transition Metal Catalysis

The design of novel chiral ligands is at the core of asymmetric catalysis. The catalytic characteristics of a transition metal catalyst such as activity, selectivity and stability can be fine-tuned by optimization of the steric and electronic properties of the coordinating ligands. In asymmetric transformations, catalyst optimization still relies to a large extent on trial-and-error and educated guesses. New strategies based on combinatorial screening and high-throughput experimentation have been introduced for the design and optimization of new ligands and catalytic systems. Supramolecular bidentate ligands that form by self-assembly of building blocks are particularly suited for this combinatorial approach as the potential number of catalysts grows exponentially with the number of building blocks synthesized. Catalytic systems based on supramolecular interactions have proven to be highly advantageous in creating large ligand libraries for high-throughput screening, which allows optimization of activity and selectivity for a variety of reactions. In this review we describe the progress in this field.     

Rapid evaluation of oxidation catalysis by gas sensor system: total oxidation, oxidative dehydrogenation, and selective oxidation over metal oxide catalysts

The rapid evaluation of catalysis is an indispensable technology for the success of combinatorial chemistry. A small-sized, less expensive, easily operating screening is desirable for parallel settings which dramatically shortens the evaluation time. Recent advances in gas sensors have enabled us to use them for the rapid evaluation of oxidation catalysis. Three typical catalytic oxidations over metal oxide catalysts were evaluated by gas sensor systems optimized for each catalytic system. The first one is the total oxidation of carbon monoxide in air. Five catalytic combustion-type gas sensors were used in a parallel reactor system to shorten the evaluation time. The second one is the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane over the mixed oxide of nickel and iron. The evaluation of the ODH catalysis was performed by a selective olefin sensor which determines the concentration of C₂H₄ in C₂H₆. The third one is the selective oxidation catalysis of propane over alkali modified Fe/SiO₂. The effluents including CO, CO₂, aldehydes and ketones in propane were analyzed by the CO, CO₂ and semiconductor-type gas sensors selective toward aldehydes and ketones. These evaluation results indicated that gas sensors have a good potential for the rapid evaluation of oxidation catalysts.     

Thin Layer Chromatography for the Detection of Unexpected Reactions in Organometallic Combinatorial Catalysis

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) represents a fast and inexpensive alternative to NMR spectroscopy or analytical methods based on chromatography for the detection of unexpected products in organometallic combinatorial catalysis. This screening test led to the detection of the catalytic system [Ir(COD)Cl]₂/PPh₃ for isomerisation of diolefinic substrates instead the expected ring closing metathesis (RCM) reaction.