一种基于卡尔曼滤波定位解算方法的研究

GPS 利用卫星发射的无线电信号，通过计算卫星与GPS 接收机之间的相对位置，进而确定出用户接收机在地球上的位置，可以为用户接收机提供实时的定位、测速和授时等服务。传统接收机通过最小二乘法进行定位解算，接收机坐标容易发生较大的跳动。通过利用卡尔曼滤波原理，根据接收机的运动特点建立模型，利用每次导航解算结果之间的联系，对定位结果进行平滑，消除由于最小二乘算法结果相对独立而产生的定位抖动误差。通过定位试验结果表明，所设计的定位解算算法具有良好的定位效果。     

基于WLSE-KF的传感器融合定位算法研究

多传感器融合在定位中的应用越来越广泛。在利用这些传感器进行定位的过程中,需要对其采集的数据进行融合。射频识别融合定位一般采用最小二乘法,然而,它可能使定位误差较大。文中提出了将最小二乘和卡尔曼滤波相结合的算法。该算法先利用加权最小二乘估计获得移动用户的初步位置,再利用扩展卡尔曼滤波进一步使定位精度得到提高。仿真结果表明该算法相比多种传统定位算法,误差减少,定位精度明显提高。     

EKF在GPS导航定位中的应用研究

论文中针对GPS星座轨道参数及系统特性,建立基于伪距测量误差模型的导航定位状态方程,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法（EKF）,对GPS定位解算精度进行仿真实验分析。仿真结果表明,EKF明显优于最小二乘算法,具有较高的滤波精度,可以更好地满足GPS用户定位精度要求。     

考虑载机位置误差的CLS多机无源定位算法

多机无源定位中存在载机位置误差却不予考虑时必然会降低目标的定位跟踪精度。为了解决存在载机位置误差情况下的定位问题,提出了一种考虑载机位置误差的约束最小二乘（CLS）多机无源定位算法。该算法对伪线性观测方程中由于测量误差和载机位置误差而导致的增广系数矩阵的误差协方差阵进行约束,并对伪线性观测方程的误差进行约束最小二乘处理,最终转化为对一组矩阵束的广义特征分解问题。仿真结果表明,相对于最小二乘（LS）算法和扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法,该算法具有更快的收敛速度和较高的定位精度,并且受载机位置误差影响小,在观测噪声比较大时仍能保持良好的定位性能。      

提高GPS定位精度的改进卡尔曼滤波算法研究

介绍了一种有效提高GPS定位精度的改进卡尔曼滤波算法.该算法针对最小二乘法和标准卡尔曼滤波的特点,通过伪距估计出接收机的位置和钟差,有效避免了由于滤波初值、系统噪声方差以及量测噪声方差带来的滤波发散问题.同时该算法不直接使用卡尔曼滤波来估计接收机的状态,而是估计接收机状态的误差,减小了运算量,有效提高了定位精度.在进行状态误差估计时,不需要存储大量测量数据,能方便地进行动态测量数据的实时处理.仿真结果证明此算法具有较快的收敛速度和较高的定位精度.     

一种GPS定位解算算法的研究

GPS 利用卫星发射的无线电信号，通过计算卫星与 GPS 接收机之间的相对位置， 进而确定出用户接收机在地球上的位置，可以为用户接收机提供实时的定位、测速和授时等服务。 通过使用最小二乘法，对 GPS 的定位解算算法进行研究，设计了一种基于最小二乘法的 GPS 定位解算算法。通过使用模拟源对所设计的 GPS 定位算法进行了定位解算试验验证，将定位解算结果与设定的模拟接收机位置进行比较，试验结果表明，该定位解算算法具有良好的定位效果。     

一种改进EKF的双模导航系统的定位算法

针对提高GPS/BDS双模导航系统的伪距单点定位精度问题,研究了GPS/BDS双模导航系统定位的解算方法,并对组合系统构建数学模型,引入扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)器进行定位解算,初始化权矩阵时通过牛顿迭代法改进矩阵求逆运算,并通过使用分段函数改进EKF中的权矩阵P,提出一种基于EKF的GPS/BDS导航定位解算方法。理论分析和实验结果表明,通过对比单GPS系统和最小二乘解算方法,利用双模系统并通过EKF能将定位精度在水平方向提高10%,高程方向提高43%,并极大地减小了运算量,提高系统的可靠性和完好性。     

观测站有位置误差的多维标度时频差定位算法

定位精度对观测站位置误差很敏感。论文针对观测站位置和速度有误差的情况,提出了一种加权多维标度时频差定位算法。该算法利用了多维标度定位通过特征结构和维度信息抑制噪声的优势,它将定位残差表示成测量误差和观测站位置误差的线性形式,然后通过加权最小二乘给出了目标位置和速度估计的闭式解。仿真结果表明,在小的测量误差和观测站位置误差时,该算法对目标位置和速度的估计能够达到克拉美劳下界。与两步加权最小二乘和约束总体最小二乘算法相比,该算法在测量噪声和观测站位置误差较大时有更高的定位精度。      

基于Chan算法的水下测控设备组网数据融合技术研究

依据水下测控设备组网系统的工作特点,为了有效挖掘现有测控设备的使用效能,构建高精度的综合性水下测控网络,该文提出基于Chan算法的水下测控设备组网集中式数据融合定位算法。该算法首先利用基于波达时间的加权最小二乘算法粗测目标位置,然后依据该目标位置和测量时延信息的关系,构造新的误差矢量,利用该误差矢量再次加权最小二乘估计解算目标位置。研究结果表明,该算法可实现多套水下测控设备的数据融合,可有效提高全域范围的定位精度,且精度高于纯基于波达时间的融合定位算法。     

测距机位置误差条件下交会定位改进算法研究

起降引导系统进行岸基标校时,由于甲板变形,布设在甲板上用于进行目标定位的激光测距机位置无法精确获得,存在位置误差,会严重影响目标定位性能。针对这个问题,提出了一种混合定位算法,该算法将非线性方程线性化,得到最小二乘解,然后综合考虑测距机位置误差和测距误差,将误差分量分离后利用加权最小二乘法得到目标位置次优解,以此次优解作为泰勒级数展开法的迭代初值,进行迭代运算,最终得到定位结果。将该混合算法与约束总体最小二乘法及CHAN算法进行仿真对比,结果表明,该算法可靠性更高,定位精度在较高噪声的条件下仍能接近CRLB。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.