计算机体系结构的层次设计:来自易经模型的视角

易经是中华民族的宝贵文化遗产，它包含上古时期人们对自然宇宙和人生社会的思想认识、哲学理念和辩证法，代表了先民哲学地认识宇宙模型的思维成果.从易经模型方法来观察计算机体系结构层次设计，对层阴阳性质的分类可以带来层次设计的深化，可以认识层次设计的本质，为层次设计带来模型体系和学说理念.我们建立了层次对立统一和刚柔相应学说，给出了体系结构层次设计的模型和评价，并且可以促进层次部件之间的协调发展.本文论述了经卦分层连接关系和六爻的层次模型与理念学说，拓展了易经层次模型的发展演化，透过SDN网络层次模型和云计算层次模型的例子阐明了层次设计的模型方法和演化推理.最后，进行了总结，并对下一步的研究进行了简单展望.     

策略三十六计和算法三十六计

本着文化自信的精神,深入学习具有三千多年历史的《易经》,挖掘《易经》形象思维的抽象和推理的理念,结合现代计算机学科的发展和作者本身的专业经历,给出了计算机系统设计策略三十六计和算法三十六计的初步成果.本文提出了计算机学科的四个基本对立统一关系,即四个基本科学问题：集分定位、刚柔相摩、供需相应、串并转换.从集分定位出发,在策略三十六计中提出了架构设计十八计,它包括了时空转换和多种计算模式的计策.从刚柔相摩出发,在策略三十六计中提出了系统特性十八计,它包括了八类特性设计的计策,例如,可控性、效率性、安全性、可变性等方面的计策.供需相应和串并转换所涉及的科学问题,主要体现在资源管理和任务调度的算法三十六计中.这些算法计策中包含了计算机学科的经典和热点问题,例如,可计算性、多目标优化、云计算、软件定义系统、大数据思维和人工智能等.策略三十六计和算法三十六计可以为计算机专业人员在学习和系统研发工作中提供思维框架、策略辩证思路和需要的计策及实例,更为重要的是可以进一步理解事物的哲学道理.     

八卦的丰富含义——《〈易经〉片麟》第二讲

在本期讲座里,冯先生指出,《易经·系辞》里提到"君子居则观其象,而玩其辞"。所以我们对《易经》要经常翻,经常看,要去熟悉六十四卦内部的组织结构;要去玩其辞,要去熟悉每一卦的大象辞、小象辞、彖辞、卦辞、爻辞,让它对你产生启示和警醒。《系辞》里接着又提到"动则观其变,而玩其占"。我们在面对万事万物的时候,在有所决策、举动的时候,在实践中推行自己理念的时候,就要注意观察事物在发展过程中的变化。因为易是要变的,它也许会向错的、不利的方向变化。     

一种面向对象多层次协作模型研究

计算机支持的协同工作的研究为我们提供了一个多方相互合作、群体共同协调完成一项任务的环境，其中群体协作模式是协同环境的基础。通过对几种基本的群体协作模型的研究比较，本文对一种新型的面向对象的多层次协同工作模型进行了深入的理论研究，并且在一个协同建筑设计系统中将此模型作为体系结构设计基础进行应用探讨。     

数字电视机顶盒软件体系结构应用研究

简述了DVB-C数字电视机顶盒硬件架构,重点介绍了基于软件层次模型和正交软件体系结构的正交分层体系结构.然后根据设计的软件体系结构,讨论了搜台算法和数据库构建.     

针对导弹跟踪干扰源模式的对抗措施

针对空空导弹跟踪干扰源(HOJ)模式,分析了其基本工作原理,由模式转换和单脉冲被动测角两方面出发,总结了其固有弱点,然后从抑制和利用两个角度提出了针对该模式的干扰策略。最后根据现有干扰模型以及导弹制导模型,对干扰方法进行了计算机验证,仿真推演表明,该方法对HOJ模式具有较好的干扰效果。     

BenQ DC1500八卦登场

爱八卦的人有了更强大的工具,独创双电源3小时持久电力,BenQ八卦机DC1500全新上市!BenQ独家推出双电源数字相机DC1500,让你用连拍3小时的超强电力、以200万画素的清晰画面不容主角抵赖,所有生活大小事一网打尽、成为八卦话题王。BenQ独特的双电源(内建锂电池亦可使用AAA电池)设计,让「八卦机」拥有高达3小时的超长电力,在LCD预览屏幕开启的状态下,也能连续捕捉4,000张的丰富影像。100公克、附吊带的轻巧设计,专为喜爱捕捉精彩镜头的你所量身定作,想拍就拍,不怕没电错失独家画面。此外、透过随插即用的USB传输线连接计算机,「八卦机…     

面向规则的计算机兵棋裁决流程编辑器

为了实现计算机兵棋推演过程中的自动裁决,设计实现可方便进行裁决流程编辑的工具软件成为计算机兵棋平台（系统）开发的一项重要工作。文章在阐述了手工兵棋推演和计算机兵棋推演中裁决规则和裁决流程的作用及实施过程的基础上,详细分析了满足兵棋推演自动裁决要求的裁决流程编辑器的设计和实现方法,并在某款计算机兵棋推演平台的工具软件中得到了很好地应用。     

用RS—485构成远程分布式数据采集与控制网络

用ＲＳ４８５构成的分布式数据与控制网络适用于工业自动化中的远程控制。文章根据网络的标准化体系结构ＯＳＩ方案的层次模型，介绍了它的设计与组网方法，并给出实际的软硬件设计实例。     

基于构令流的RCSIMD体系结构研究

提出了基于构令流的多配多数据流(MCMD)的计算机体系结构并完成设计.通过重构,RCSIMD可支持SIMD和MIMD两种计算模型.RCSIMD中设计的两级配置策略,不但能够实现零配置延迟,而且还能在单周期内实现通信网络在一维和二维结构之间切换,极大地提高了结构的灵活性.多种算法的映射结果表明,RCSIMD体系结构适用于多媒体图像处理应用.在Charter 0.25μm 标准单元库下,RCSIMD的处理阵列的面积为7mm×7mm,时钟周期16ns.     

逻辑函数八卦图及其应用

文章首先说明了什么是逻辑函数八挂图，并以四变量逻辑函数为例介绍了它的画法；然后描述了逻辑函数八挂图的一些特性，举例说明它的应用。     

New BER Expression of Hierarchical M‐ary Phase Shift Keying

In‐phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalances, which are generated by non‐ideal transceiver components, are inevitable physical phenomena that cause the performance of practical communication systems to be degraded. In this paper, we provide a new closed‐form expression for the bit error rate of hierarchical M‐ary phase shift keying with I/Q phase and amplitude imbalances and analyze the effect of I/Q imbalances on BER performance over an additive white Gaussian noise channel.     

微波场效应管Ⅰ—Ⅴ特性模型研究

本文对微波场效应管Ⅰ—Ⅴ特性模型进行了研究,分析比较了八种常用模型的优缺点,它可为微波电路的设计提供一个实用的参考依据.在模型参数提取中,我们采用了一种新算法,先应用一个基于主成份灵敏度分析的空间坐标变换,然后采用Levenberg-Marquardt算法进行优化拟合.实际计算表明,此法能够快速、精确地提取模型参数.     

A recursive soft-decision approach to blind image deconvolution

This paper presents a new approach to blind image deconvolution based on soft-decision blur identification and hierarchical neural networks. Traditional blind algorithms require a hard-decision on whether the blur satisfies a parametric form before their formulations. As the blurring function is usually unknown a priori, this precondition inhibits the incorporation of parametric blur knowledge domain into the restoration schemes. The new technique addresses this difficulty by providing a continual soft-decision blur adaptation with respect to the best-fit parametric structure throughout deconvolution. The approach integrates the knowledge of well-known blur models without compromising its flexibility in restoring images degraded by nonstandard blurs. An optimization scheme is developed where a new cost function is projected and minimized with respect to the image and blur domains. A nested neural network, called the hierarchical cluster model is employed to provide an adaptive, perception-based restoration. Its sparse synaptic connections are instrumental in reducing the computational cost of restoration. Conjugate gradient optimization is adopted to identify the blur due to its computational efficiency. The approach is shown experimentally to be effective in restoring images degraded by different blurs.     

Hybrid-hierarchical optical path network design algorithms utilizing ILP optimization

In this paper, we present design algorithms for the hierarchical optical path networks that utilize hybrid-hierarchical optical cross-connects (hybrid-HOXCs). The hybrid-HOXCs employ a waveband cross-connect for routing waveband paths and an electrical cross-connect for grooming wavelength paths. We first develop an integer linear programming model to solve the network design problem. We then propose a 2-stage ILP-based design algorithm for hierarchical optical path networks that utilize the hybrid-HOXCs. Its effectiveness is evaluated through numerical experiments. Impact of the critical parameter, electrical/optical port cost ratios, on total network cost is also investigated.     

A secure group key management scheme for hierarchical mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, we present a secure group key management scheme for hierarchical mobile ad hoc networks. Our approach aims to improve both scalability and survivability of group key management for large-scale wireless ad hoc networks. To achieve our goal, we propose the following approaches: (1) a multi-level security model, which follows a modified Bell-La Padula security model that is suitable in a hierarchical mobile ad hoc networking environment, and (2) a decentralized group key management infrastructure to achieve such a multi-level security model. Our approaches reduce the key management overhead and improve resilience to any single point failure problem. In addition, we have developed a roaming protocol that is able to provide secure group communication involving group members from different groups without requiring new keys; an advantage of this protocol is that it is able to provide continuous group communication even when the group manager fails.     

C3I系统效能二级模糊综合评估

为了对C3I系统效能进行有效的评估,首先分析了影响C3I系统效能的各种因素,建立了评价其效能的层次指标体系,然后运用模糊综合评判方法,建立了二级模糊综合评估模型,并结合专家评判法介绍了该模型的具体应用过程。     

Performance analysis for hierarchical multirate loss networks

The reduced load approximation technique has been extensively applied to flat networks, but the feasibility of applying it to hierarchical network model has seldom been described. Hierarchical routing is essential for large networks such as the Internet inter/intra-domain routing hierarchy and the Private Network to Node Interface (PNNI) standard. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient and accurate analytical model for evaluating the performance of hierarchical networks with multiple classes of traffic. A performance analysis model with considering multiple classes of traffic, the complexity of analytical and explosion of computation will be extremely increased, and hence, result in inaccurate analytical. The issue of multiple classes of traffic has to be addressed in performance analysis model. In this paper, we first study the reduced load approximation model for loss networks, and then propose a novel performance evaluation model for large networks with multirate hierarchical routing. The hierarchical evaluation model is based on decomposing a hierarchical route into several analytic hierarchical segments. Once the blockings of these hierarchical segments are accurately determined, the blocking of the hierarchical path can be estimated accurately from these segments blocking. Numerical results indicate that the proposed hierarchical reduced load approximation yields quite accurate blocking probabilities as compared to that of simulation results. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed hierarchical reduced load approximation heuristic is independent of the blocking or the offered traffic load. Finally, we also draw some remarks on the convergence of the reduced load based approximation analysis model.     

Hierarchical Krylov subspace based reduction of large interconnects

In this paper, we propose a new model order reduction approach for large interconnect circuits using hierarchical decomposition and the Krylov subspace projection-based model order reduction methods. The new approach, called hiePrimor, first partitions a large interconnect circuit into a number of smaller subcircuits and then performs the projection-based model order reduction on each of subcircuits in isolation and on the top-level circuit thereafter. The new approach is very amenable for exploiting the multi-core based parallel computing platforms to significantly speed up the reduction process. Theoretically we show that hiePrimor can deliver the same accuracy as the flat reduction method given the same reduction order and it can also preserve the passivity of the reduced models as well. We also show that partitioning has large impacts on the performance of hierarchical reduction and the minimum-span objective should be required to attain the best performance for hierarchical reduction. The proposed method is suitable for reducing large global interconnects like coupled bus, transmission lines, large clock nets in the post-layout stage. Experimental results demonstrate that hiePrimor can be significantly faster and more scalable than the flat projection methods like PRIMA and be order of magnitude faster than PRIMA with parallel computing without loss of accuracy. Interconnect circuits with up to 4 million nodes can be analyzed in a few minutes even in Matlab by the new method.