A Joint Scheme of AGC and Gain/Phase Mismatch Compensation for QPSK DCR

This paper presents a simple gain/phase blind compensation algorithm with an automatic gain control (AGC) function for the adoption of the AGC function and compensation for gain/phase imbalances in quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) direct conversion receivers (DCRs). The AGC function is interactively operated with the compensation algorithm for gain/phase imbalances. By detecting the gain sum and difference values between the I‐channel and Q‐channel, the combined AGC and gain imbalance compensation algorithm provides a simpler DCR architecture.     

Decision-Directed Channel Estimation and High I/Q Imbalance Compensation in OFDM Receivers

Direct-conversion architectures suffer from the mismatch between the In-phase (I) and the Quadrature-phase (Q) branches, commonly called I/Q imbalance. Even low I/Q imbalances imply poor performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm that uses both training and data symbols in a decision-directed fashion to jointly estimate the channel and compensate for high receiver I/Q imbalance. Simulation results show that our method can compensate for high I/Q imbalance values and also estimate a frequency selective channel.     

Cross-Validation Estimation for Frequency-Dependent I/Q Imbalance in MIMO-OFDM Receivers

The effects of variation in RF, such as I/Q imbalance and filter mismatch, are extremely important for OFDM wireless accesses. This work presents a low-computational estimation of I/Q imbalances with filter mismatches to improve performance in MIMO-OFDM receivers. For N × N MIMO-OFDM systems, the proposed cross-validation estimation is such that, only N + 1 preambles are required to extract the mismatches of filters, gains and phases. With the estimated parameters, frequency-domain filters are exploited to correct frequency-dependent I/Q imbalances. Through performance evaluation of a 2 × 2 MIMO-OFDM system, with ideal channel estimations this study incurs a SNR loss of 1–1.2 dB to maintain a 10% PER at 1-dB gain error, 10°-phase error and the worst 180°-filter mismatch. In addition, this algorithm is well-matched to IEEE 802.11n and new specifications discussed in IEEE 802.11 VHT study group.     

Subcarrier allocation based compensation for carrier frequency offset and I/Q imbalances in OFDM systems

We propose a novel subcarrier allocation (SCA) based approach for compensating carrier frequency offset (CFO) and I/Q imbalances in direct-conversion OFDM receivers. From the matrix representation of OFDM signals with CFO and I/Q imbalances, maximum likelihood CFO estimation and the associated SCA are given. Then, an SCA-based algorithm is proposed for the I/Q imbalances compensation. Moreover, the proposed approach is extended to a blind compensation scheme for OFDM signals with asymmetric SCA.     

A compensation scheme for non-ideal circuit effects in biomedical impedance sensor

The accuracy of an I/Q based biomedical impedance sensing sensor (IQBIS) suffers significantly from the PVT effects of the analog front-end, such as the amplitude errors of the stimulation signals, gain mismatches, amplitude and phase imbalances of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signals, etc. These practical effects will severely impede the system performance if handled improperly. In this paper, the degradations of sensing performance by such imperfections are mathematically analyzed and quantified. Following theoretical studies, a digitally controlled correction approach is proposed to finely alleviate these impairments. The performance of the proposed scheme had been verified using Simulink and MATLAB. With the proposed error correction scheme, the accuracy is improved by at least 17 times compared to that of the typical IQBIS, for both real and imaginary values of impedance. Thus, the proposed method is very useful for IQBIS, in resisting degradation in sensing accuracies due to the process-voltage-temperature (PVT) effects.     

气象雷达正交通道幅相不平衡对谱估计的影响

详细分析了气象雷达中正交通道幅相不平衡对气象回波信号谱估计的影响，并给出基本的频域和时域估计法的仿真结果。     

Joint I/Q imbalances estimation using data-dependent superimposed training

In this paper, we address the joint estimation of the channel impulse response and frequency-dependent in-phase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalances using data-dependent superimposed training (DDST). The analysis developed shows that it is possible to use the first-order statistics of the received process to achieve synchronization and identify the resulting widely linear system that encompasses the radio frequency impairments considered. Furthermore, it is also verified that for the joint estimation of the transmitter and the receiver I/Q imbalances, additional constraints than those required for strictly linear systems should be imposed on the training sequences employed. The results of numerical simulations show that DDST has comparable performance with methods reported in the literature.     

Advanced methods for I/Q imbalance compensation in communicationreceivers

I/Q signal processing is widely utilized in today's communication receivers. However, all I/Q processing receiver structures, such as the low-IF receiver, face a common problem of matching the amplitudes and phases of the I and Q branches. In practice, imbalances are unavoidable in the analog front-end, which results in finite and usually insufficient rejection of the image frequency band. This causes the image signal to appear as interference on top of the desired signal. We carry out general signal analysis of an imbalanced I/Q processing receiver and propose novel methods for I/Q imbalance compensation using baseband digital signal processing. A simple structure for compensation is derived, based on a traditional adaptive interference canceller. Improved image rejection can also be obtained by using more advanced blind source separation techniques. Theoretical analysis of the performance of the proposed imbalance compensation structures is presented. In addition, some simulation results are provided in order to further evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the I/Q imbalance can be effectively compensated during the normal operation of the receiver even in the rapidly changing case, as long as a linear system model for the imbalance is valid     

A Fast and Precise Blind I/Q Mismatch Compensation for Image Rejection in Direct‐Conversion Receiver

In this paper, we propose a new digital blind in‐phase/quadrature‐phase (I/Q) mismatch compensation technique for image rejection in a direct‐conversion receiver (DCR). The proposed image‐rejection circuit adopts DC offset cancellation and a sign‐sign least mean squares (LMS) algorithm with a unique step size adaptation both for a fast and precise I/Q mismatch estimation. In addition, several performance‐optimizing design considerations related to accuracy, speed, and hardware simplicity are discussed. The implementation of the proposed circuit in an FPGA results in an image‐rejection ratio (IRR) of 65 dB, which is the best performance with modulated signals, along with an adaptation time of 0.9 seconds, which is a tenfold increase in the compensation speed as compared to previously reported circuits. The proposed technique will be a promising solution in the area of image rejection to increase both the speed and accuracy of future DCRs.     

Compensation for I/Q Imbalances and Bias Deviation of the Mach–Zehnder Modulators in Direct-Detected Optical OFDM Systems

We demonstrate an equalization technique to simultaneously compensate for the fiber chromatic dispersion and the distortions induced by the in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalances and bias deviation in the Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs). With this technique, the requirement for the monitoring circuits at the transmitter could be relaxed or even eliminated, and thus simplifies the system design and reduces the system cost. The system exhibits a good performance with our proposal over a broad range of imbalances and bias deviation in the MZM. With deliberately introducing I/Q imbalances and bias deviation, we have observed a 2- and 4-dB optical signal-to-noise ratio improvement, for the back-to-back and 800 km of uncompensated standard single-mode fiber transmission, respectively, with our proposed scheme.     

Analog Impairments in MIMO-OFDM Systems

MIMO-OFDM is being considered for communication systems where high throughput and spectral efficiency are important factors. Analog impairments like I/Q mismatch and phase noise significantly degrade and limit the performance of communication systems. In this paper, we analyze the impact of I/Q mismatch and phase noise in MIMO-OFDM systems as a function of the number of antennas. We show the improvement in performance that is possible when these impairments are cancelled. We also discuss the impact of correlated and uncorrelated phase noise in MIMO-OFDM systems. Finally, we show the results of I/Q mismatch and phase noise cancellation in wireless measurements performed using a 2times2 MIMO-OFDM testbed     

正交调制器的校准设计

在当前许多复杂调制射频信号源中,随着数字基带信号越来越多的加入．需要正交凋制器将其调制到需要的载波信号上。正交调制器原理简单：将生成好的I/Q两路基带信号调制到两路正交的载波上,合路后输出。但是在实现时,想获得好的指标就需要考虑载波相位误差,I/Q基带信号幅度不平衡以及载波泄漏等问题。文章给出了一种正交调制器的校准方案,可以减少和模拟以上三种现象造成的调制误差,并给出自动校准和手动校准两种方法。     

基于DDC的镜像干扰抑制

在通信信号和雷达信号处理中，通常需要将信号正交分解为两路正交的I，Q信号。然后再做进一步的处理，而I，Q通道间抚养益误差和相位误差会造成镜像干扰。影响系统性能，文中分析了I，Q通道的增益误差和正交误差对镜像干扰抑制比的影响，用实验验证了采用HSP50016后对镜像干扰抑制的改善。     

测试零中频收发器器件的创新方法

目前在无线局域网(WLAN)802.11结构中,两芯片的解决方案占统治地位。通常这些器件(射频和基带处理器)间的接口是同向和正交(I和Q)链路。确定该链路性能的传统测量方法包括分析滤波器响应,幅度和相位不平衡和其它参数测量。由于该信号接口转向使用数字链路或消失,这些传统的方法已不再使用。必须开发新的方法应对测试方面的挑战。     

Blind symbol timing offset estimation for offset‐QPSK modulated signals

In this paper, a blind symbol timing offset (STO) estimation method is proposed for offset quadrature phase‐shift keying (OQPSK) modulated signals, which also works for other linearly modulated signals (LMS) such as binary‐PSK, QPSK, π/4‐QPSK, and minimum‐shift keying. There are various methods available for blind STO estimation of LMS; however, none work in the case of OQPSK modulated signals. The popular cyclic correlation method fails to estimate STO for OQPSK signals, as the offset present between the in‐phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components causes the cyclic peak to disappear at the symbol rate frequency. In the proposed method, a set of close and approximate offsets is used to compensate the offset between the I and Q components of the received OQPSK signal. The STO in the time domain is represented as a phase in the cyclic frequency domain. The STO is therefore calculated by obtaining the phase of the cyclic peak at the symbol rate frequency. The method is validated through extensive theoretical study, simulation, and testbed implementation. The proposed estimation method exhibits robust performance in the presence of unknown carrier phase offset and frequency offset.     

Joint Compensation of Transmitter and Receiver IQ Imbalance in OFDM Systems Based on Selective Coefficient Updating

In this paper, a selective coefficient updating (SCU) approach at each branch of the per‐tone equalization (PTEQ) structure has been applied for insufficient cyclic prefix (CP) length. Because of the high number of adaptive filters and their complex adaption process in the PTEQ structure, SCU has been proposed. Using this method leads to a reduction in the computational complexity, while the performance remains almost unchanged. Moreover, the use of set‐membership filtering with variable step size is proposed for a sufficient CP case to increase convergence speed and decrease the average number of calculations. Simulation results show that despite the aforementioned algorithms having similar performance in comparison with conventional algorithms, they are able to reduce the number of calculations necessary. In addition, compensation of both the channel effect and the transmitter/receiver in‐phase/quadrature‐phase imbalances are achievable by these algorithms.     

基于脉冲分裂的宽带雷达系统通道误差校正方法

在不改动宽带雷达系统校准通道硬件的前提下,该文提出一种校正宽带雷达系统传递函数误差及正交解调误差的新方法。该方法通过对通道误差特征的分析,结合宽带线性调频信号的时频关系,根据分裂脉冲方法以分离通道误差造成的镜频干扰和传递函数非理想,得到宽带雷达系统传递函数的完全表征,由此构建相应的雷达回波校正函数,实现接收回波的误差校正。针对有效带宽的实际雷达系统的通道误差校正实验,验证了该文方法的有效性,且与传统的方法相比,该文方法显现出适用性强的特点。     

频率步进雷达接收系统设计及幅相不平衡校正

设计了频率步进雷达混频、采样电路和数据处理单元,完成对I／Q通道信号的数据处理。由于电路参数存在偏差,导致I／Q通道幅相不平衡,影响雷达的距离像。在数据处理部分,通过分析误差,校正误差,可以达到抑制镜像的目的,并改善雷达的性能。     

An adaptive matched filter that compensates for I,Q mismatch errors

An approach to adaptively match filter the I and Q components of complex-valued inputs consisting of a desired signal embedded in correlated external noise is presented. This approach is tolerant of I,Q mismatch errors, i.e., the external noise is effectively rejected and the desired signal enhanced in the presence of significant receiver I,Q errors. I,Q adaptive weighting removes many of the deleterious effects of I,Q quadrature detection imbalance, which can severely limit the adaptive matched filter (AMF) performance. However, for the I,Q AMF, the unknown desired signal's initial phase complicates the design procedure and even for a reasonable design criterion, the AMF performance can fluctuate significantly as a function of this phase. An I,Q AMF technique whose performance is almost phase invariant is developed, and example of its utility is shown     

Implementation of PMOP phase transition detector based on DFD

The existing phase modulation on pulse (PMOP) phase transition detector which used on signal processing of electronic warfare system has a problem on its detection performance, especially with frequency and PMOP method. We analyze the problem on existing PMOP detection method and we propose new implementation method. This PMOP detector is based on digital frequency discriminator (DFD) which use delay line and I/Q mixer. The proposed method combine the radar signal phase change on I channel and Q channel. This method makes it possible to analyze frequency and phase modulation method which is not possible on existing PMOP detector. And from proposed PMOP detection method, we can miniaturize the PMOP detector by using the DFD I/Q output which designed with delay line and I/Q mixer.