三维医学图像的混合噪声去除方法

针对医学图像在采集传输等过程中易受噪声污染,且目前多数去噪方法对混合噪声去噪效果不好,影响三维重构精度的问题,提出了基于自适应三维分数阶积分和中值滤波结合的混合噪声去除方法。首先介绍了几种传统方法在去除混合噪声中的不足,然后基于三维图像梯度信息提出了三维分数阶积分的自适应分数阶阶数,利用分数阶积分和中值滤波的各自优点,将两者结合对混合噪声去噪,并提出了基于混合去噪的边缘曲面追踪算法。实验结果和数据分析表明,提出的混合去噪方法能够从噪声污染的医学图像切片中追踪出高精度边缘曲面,与传统去噪方法相比,具有更好的去噪效果。     

基于分数阶微分算子与高斯曲率相结合的自适应图像去噪

文中提出分数阶微分算子和高斯曲率相结合的自适应图像去噪方法。将高斯曲率引入偏微分方程模型中,由图像梯度进行边缘检测,再结合高斯曲率和分数阶微分算子的性质,由图像的局部方差建立分数阶微分算子,构建基于分数阶微分算子的自适应图像去噪模型,进行自适应地扩散去噪。结果表明,新算法性能优异,内部信息保护更具完整性,有利于实际应用。     

基于分数阶微分与独立分量算法的红外图像边缘提取

探讨了基于分数阶微分增强和独立分量分析在红外图像边缘提取上的应用.首先,从数字图像分数阶微掩模及其运算规则出发对红外图像进行增强.然后,基于信息最大化算法对自然图像进行迭代训练,得到ICA所需的基函数.最后,运用独立分量算法对增强后的红外图像进行边缘提取.实验结果表明,分数阶微分在增强红外图像灰度变化不大的平滑区域中的边缘特征效果明显,而ICA算法做边缘提取即使在有噪声的情况下也能较好地提取红外图像的边缘特征.     

基于分数阶梯度驱动的主动Demons算法研究

图像非刚性配准在计算机视觉和医学图像有着重要的作用.Demons算法被证明是解决非刚性配准的有效方法，然而存在的Demons非刚性配准算法对灰度均匀和弱纹理区域的图像配准精度低，优化易陷入局部极小导致配准速度缓慢.针对该问题，将R-L（Riemann-Liouville）分数阶微分引入到主动Demons算法中，提出了基于R-L分数阶梯度驱动的主动Demons算法.本文将R-L分数阶梯度代替传统的梯度算子，不但可以增强图像的细节信息，而且可以增强灰度均匀和弱纹理区域的梯度信息，从而提高了图像配准精度和速度.另外，通过实验给出了配准精度与R-L分数阶模板参数之间的关系，从而为模板最佳参数的选取提供了依据.尽管不同类型的图像其最佳参数是不同的，但是其最佳配准阶次一般在0~1之间.理论分析和实验结果均表明，该算法可以用于灰度均匀和弱纹理区域的图像配准，且配准精度和速度都有明显的提高，本文方法是Demons算法应用的一个重要延伸.     

分数阶微分在图像纹理增强中的应用

为了实现对模糊图像边缘及纹理的增强,使图像的细节信息更加清晰,需要对图像进行锐化增强。现有的增强方法一般是整数阶微分锐化及高通滤波,由于这些方法的处理效果仍不理想,文中引入了分数阶微分算子。分数阶微分不仅可以很好地增强图像的边缘和纹理信息,还可以保留平滑区域信息,抑制较大噪声。研究并分析了Tiansi分数阶微分算子的原理及特点,并对其进行了改进,提出了一种新的分数阶微分算子,可以更好地增强图像的边缘和纹理信息,同时保证图像的亮度不产生大幅度变化,而且可以抑制较小噪声的影响。从定量的角度分析,改进的分数阶微分算子的平均梯度最大可比原图像提高3.8倍。从而验证了改进的分数阶微分算子比整数阶微分算子如Laplace算子及Tiansi分数阶微分算子具有优越性,且算法简单易于实现,可应用于工程中的实时图像处理系统中。     

基于高斯平滑压缩感知分数阶全变分算法的图像重构

针对全变分(TV)算法梯度效应造成图像纹理细节丢失和单像素成像系统中的环境噪声问题,该文给出基于高斯平滑压缩感知分数阶全变分(FOTVGS)算法的图像重构.分数阶微分损失图像低频分量的同时增加了图像的高频分量,达到增强图像细节的目的,高斯平滑滤波算子更新拉格朗日梯度算子滤除了微分算子导致的加性高斯白噪声高频分量的增加.仿真结果表明,对比其他4种同类算法,在相同的采样率和噪声水平下,该算法能取得最大的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似度(SSIM).采样率为0.2时,对比分数阶全变分(FOTV)算法,在无噪声(测量值SNR=∞)和有噪声(测量值SNR=25 dB)情况下提高的最大峰值信噪比和结构相似度分别是1.39 dB(0.035)和3.91 dB(0.098).可见,此算法在无噪声和有噪声情况下均能提高图像的重构质量,尤其是在有噪声情况下对图像重构质量有较大提高.该算法为单像素成像等计算成像系统中由于环境造成的噪声的图像重构提供了可行的解决方案.     

基于分数阶微分和高斯曲率滤波的遥感图像增强

遥感图像的复杂性、模糊性、噪声强等特点,严重影响了图像的质量。为改善图像质量,提出一种结合分数阶微分和高斯曲率滤波的图像增强算法。通过分数阶微分提升图像的高频成分、增强图像的中频成分以及非线性保留甚低频成分,获得图像边缘明显突出、纹理更加清晰的遥感图像;后引入高斯曲率滤波在分数阶微分增强图像过程中进行平滑,解决遥感图像本身噪声强以及分数阶微分增强过程中带来的噪声放大和扩散问题。多组对比实验表面,算法可以增强遥感图像的细节信息,有效的抑制噪声。     

基于分数阶狼群优化的Otsu图像分割算法

针对传统狼群算法(WPA)应用于图像分割寻优慢且易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出一种基于分数阶狼群的Otsu图像分割算法。利用分数阶微分对过去状态有记忆性的优点,用分数阶阶次来控制狼群在游走过程中的位置更新,并引入自适应分数阶阶次,根据狼的位置信息自适应地调整分数阶阶次,提升算法收敛速度。采用粒子对称分布方法改进狼群围捕行为,改善狼群个体空间分布状态,提高种群多样性,调整围捕过程中的狼群位置,克服算法后期易出现局部最优的弊端。采用改进的二维Otsu算法,将其离散度矩阵作为狼群算法的寻优函数,将目标从图像中分割出来。实验表明,本文算法达到稳定的收敛次数较传统狼群算法平均提升了50次左右,较文献[11]提出的算法平均加快了10次左右。本文改进算法保证了图像分割精度,并提升算法收敛速度。     

基于自适应分数阶微分的红外目标增强算法

针对红外图像存在灰度范围窄、图像细节不清晰、目标边缘模糊的问题,提出了一种基于自适应分数阶微分的红外目标增强方法。该方法首先利用图像的梯度、信息熵进行有效融合,并且自适应调整分数阶微分以增强图像中的目标边缘;然后采用图像像素灰度的标准差和均值进行融合去确定目标的分割阈值,以区分出图像中的背景和目标部分;通过对图像中的目标区域进行线性增强,以进一步突显目标。经过实验验证:本文提出的方法能够有效地区分红外图像中的目标和背景,局部目标背景比(Target-to-Background Ratio,TBR)平均提高了0.5,视觉效果比较理想。     

基于分数阶微分的图像增强算法

相比传统的基于整数阶微分的图像增强算子,分数阶微分增强算子能提升图像的高频边缘信息,且非线性保留图像纹理细节和平滑区域的中低频信息。文中根据Riemann-Liouville分数阶微分定义,构造了5×5大小的分数阶微分增强算子模板,同时采用传统的整数阶图像增强算子Sobel算子、Prewitt算子和Laplacian算子,分别对灰度图像和彩色图像进行图像增强处理实验。最后,引入图像熵的计算,对图像增强的结果进行熵值大小的计算与分析。随着分数阶微分阶次的增加,分数阶微分增强算子处理后的图像熵值呈上升趋势,说明图像的纹理细节信息得到了加强。     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and subpixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

A Versatile Mixed-Signal Pin Approach for Cost-Effective Test of Automotive ICs

Integrated circuits (ICs) intended for increasingly sophisticated automotive applications bring unique test demands. Advanced ICs for applications such as highly integrated automatic braking system (ABS) and airbag controllers combine high voltage digital channels, significant VI demands and precise timing capability. Along with continued missioncritical reliability concerns, the trend toward higher voltage operation and increased device integration requires specialized test capabilities able to extend across the wide operating ranges found in automotive applications. Among these capabilities, automotive test requirements increasingly dictate a need for a cost-effective versatile mixed-signal pin electronics with very high data rates reaching up to 50MHz with a voltage swing of-2 V to +28 V.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

Optical vibration and deviation measurement of rotating machine parts

It is of interest to get appropriate information about the dynamic behaviour of rotating machinery parts in service. This paper presents an approach of optical vibration and deviation measurement of such parts. Essential of this method is an image derotator combined with a high speed camera or a laser doppler vibrometer （LDV）.