低频压电式MEMS振动能量采集器研究

设计了一种低频压电d31模式的"八悬臂梁-中心质量块"结构微机电系统(MEMS)振动能量采集器,实现环境振动能量向电能的转换。首先利用溶胶-凝胶工艺实现PZT压电薄膜的异质集成制造,单个锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电敏感单元的有效尺寸为935μm×160μm×1.5μm;然后通过MEMS加工工艺完成器件微结构的加工制造,器件结构有效体积为9.936×10~(-4)cm~3;最后借助振动测试系统对该器件的各项输出性能进行测试。测试结果表明,谐振频率为60Hz、加速度激励为1g(g=9.8m/s~2)时,该能量采集器的输出电压峰-峰值为232mV。在其两端加载3.0 MΩ的负载时最大输出功率为6×10~(-4)μW,输出功率密度为0.604μW/cm~3,PZT压电敏感单元有效面积下的输出功率密度为0.025μW/cm~2。     

MEMS兼容丝网印刷PZT压电厚膜研究

对丝网印刷PZT压电厚膜制备工艺浆料配置、印刷技术、退火条件、上下电极的选择及极化方法等进行了研究,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及与之配套的能谱分析仪对制备的PZT样品的微观结构、成分进行了测试分析.结果表明,PZT压电厚膜的膜厚可达100μm,印制图形分辨率在500μm以上,在800℃经1h退火就可获得良好的微晶结构,且具有压电特性.     

MEMS微拾振器制备工艺研究

采用微机电系统(MEMS)技术制作了悬臂梁式压电微拾振器,该技术主要包括:sol-gel法制备PZT压电膜、干法刻蚀、湿法化学刻蚀、UV-LIGA等工艺。研制的拾振器悬臂梁结构尺寸为:长2000μm,宽600μm,硅膜厚度12μm,PZT压电膜厚1.5μm,Ni质量块长600μm、高500μm。测试表明其固有频率为610Hz,适合低频振动源环境的应用。在1gn加速度谐振激励下,电压输出达562mV。     

基于压电效应的MEMS振动式微能源器件

设计了一种硅基压电功能材料的四悬臂梁-中心质量块结构MEMS振动式微能源器件,可将环境振动能量有效转化为电能。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅基锆钛酸铅(PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3,PZT)压电功能薄膜,经干/湿法刻蚀和溅射沉积等MEMS工艺实现器件功能结构的制备。研制的器件整体结构尺寸为7 000μm×7 000μm×300μm,单个PZT压电单元面积为0.149 6 mm2。将悬臂梁上4个压电单元串联以实现输出最大化,测试结果表明,器件的谐振频率为300 Hz,适于低频振动环境;输出电压在一定范围内随加速度增加而增大;在加速度为10 g时压电单元单位面积输出电压达1.19 mV/mm2。     

MEMS兼容丝网印刷PZT压电厚膜研究

对丝网印刷PZT压电厚膜制备工艺浆料配置、印刷技术、退火条件、上下电极的选择及极化方法等进行了研究，并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及与之配套的能谱分析仪对制备的PZT样品的微观结构、成分进行了测试分析。结果表明，PZT压电厚膜的膜厚可达100μm，印制图形分辨率在500μm以上，在800℃经1h退火就可获得良好的微晶结构，且具有压电特性。     

一种基于压电薄膜逆压电效应的新型集成微镜

设计了一种采用锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电薄膜悬臂梁作为驱动机理的500μm×500μm微镜结构。该微镜主要由4个悬臂梁与1个反射镜组成,4个悬臂梁起支撑微镜的作用,即微镜主要利用微悬臂梁自由端头的小挠度来实现垂直方向的位移。提出了与互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)工艺相兼容的制作方法,利用有限元软件ANSYS7.0对压电微镜的反射镜平整度、结构机械强度、线性度、响应速度和功耗等性能进行了研究,并与数值计算结果进行了比较,结果表明此微镜达到了快速、高精度、低功耗的设计要求。     

直写成型制备的3-3型PZT压电复合材料及其性能

3-3型压电复合材料在超声波传感器、水下声学检测等领域有着广泛的应用。锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷通过复合有望制备具有低介电常数、低脆性等优点的复合材料。采用直写成型技术制备了 PZT 三维木堆结构支架, 结合浸渍法填充环氧树脂制备了3-3型PZT/环氧树脂压电复合材料。研究了陶瓷相体积分数对3-3型PZT/环氧树脂压电复合材料的介电、压电、铁电性能的影响,并对比了 PZT陶瓷支架与 PZT/环氧树脂复合材料的介电与压电性能。研究结果表明,随着陶瓷相体积分数的增加,复合材料的介电常数、压电常数及剩余极化强度都会增大, PZT支架具有更大的介电常数、压电常数、压电电压常数;当陶瓷相体积分数为36%时,PZT 支架与 PZT/环氧树脂的压电电压常数分别达到151．0mV·m/N 与104．0mV ·m/N。PZT/环氧树脂复合材料同时具备了压电陶瓷的硬度、电性能,以及聚合物的柔韧性、低密度等优势,其应用前景良好。     

基于PZT压电薄膜的压力传感器工艺研究

选用敏感材料锆钛酸铅(PZT),优化微机电系统(MEMS)微加工工艺,制作了硅基PZT压电薄膜叉指式电极结构的MEMS压力传感器。在基体Au/Ti/LNO/SiO_2/Si<100>上,采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法,在650℃高温下采用分层退火的方式进行退火,得到厚1.2μm的PZT压电薄膜。薄膜表面均匀,无裂纹。利用光刻工艺和低压溅射工艺得到平行叉指电极。制作完成PZT压电薄膜结构的微压力传感器,在弹性薄膜上施加压力,其电压输出性能较好,说明基于压电薄膜的叉指电极结构可行,为基于纳米纤维结构的微压力传感器的制作奠定了理论基础。     

压电微致动器元件的制作及特性分析

目的是设计和制作一种新型压电微致动器,用于高密度硬盘磁头的精确定位。其中,压电元件由传统的或改进的溶胶-凝胶工艺制备并利用反应离子刻蚀成型,压电层厚度范围为0.6~3μm。采用X-射线衍射和原子力显微镜等对PZT薄膜的物相、表面形貌以及颗粒尺寸等进行分析。结果显示,随着PZT层厚度从0.6~3μm的不断增加,其内部颗粒尺寸也相应增大,粗糙度越低。此外,该微致动器的驱动机理通过多普勒干涉仪进行测量。结果表明,对于封装了3μm厚PZT元件的U型微致动器悬臂装置,在±20 V交变电压作用下,微致动位移达到1.146μm,谐振频率超过22 kHz。     

环形叉指电极型压电鼓膜驱动器的制备及其性能测试

制备了一种基于Pb(Zr52)O₃(P ZT52)材料的自适应光学用压电驱动器。驱动器采用鼓膜结构, 其工作区域由主动层—PZT52压电层和被动层—ZrO₂/Si复合层两部 分构成。PZT52压电层 采用环形叉值电极(IDT)驱动。采用Si(100)单晶作为衬底,并采用 溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel) 法在其上制备ZrO₂阻挡层和PZT52压电层,其中引入PbTiO₃(PT) 种子层有利 于PZT52膜层的(110)择优取向。随后在其上热 蒸镀Al顶电极,并采用光刻方法制备图形,得到的IDT电极最大环形直径为 10.5mm,电极间距为0.05mm,中心非激活区 域直径为2mm。鼓膜结构则通过对Si衬底背部 进行各向异性湿法刻蚀(ODE)得到,保留的支持层厚度为5～10μm, 直径为 12mm。测试结果表明,压电驱动器阵列单元在100kV/cm驱动下,可产生6.5μm左右的形 变量。最后利用有限元分析方法(FEM)拟合了压电驱动器单元的面型,并分析了其形变模式 产生的内部原因。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.