全支链小麦A-型淀粉与B-型淀粉部分理化性状的比较

全支链小麦淀粉具有两种不同形态的淀粉颗粒,二者具有不同的颗粒度分布、白度以及支链淀粉含量。研究表明：全支链小麦A-型淀粉比全支链小麦B-型淀粉有更大的等价粒径、更高的白度和较低的支链淀粉含量;触变性分析显示全支链小麦B-型淀粉比全支链小麦A-型淀粉有更趋于牛顿流体的行为和相对较小的表观黏度。     

不同品种小麦粉黏度特性及破损淀粉含量的差异

以不同专用小麦以及直链淀粉含量极低的糯小麦为试验材料,研究不同品种之间小麦粉黏度特性和破损淀粉含量的差异及其相关性。结果表明,不同专用小麦之间,RVA图谱存在明显差异,糯小麦RVA图谱形状显著不同于非糯小麦。各专用品种小麦粉RVA谱线特征值中,小麦粉峰值黏度、稀懈值大小表现为弱筋小麦>中筋小麦>强筋小麦>糯小麦。破损淀粉含量在不同专用小麦品种之间大小顺序表现为:强筋小麦>中筋小麦>弱筋小麦>糯小麦。相关分析表明,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、反弹值以及峰值时间均与直链淀粉含量、直/支比例以及破损淀粉含量呈极显著正相关。     

湿热处理对不同直链淀粉含量损伤淀粉理化性质影响

该文以普通小麦和糯小麦淀粉为原料,经过球磨损伤得到高损伤度淀粉,然后再对其进行湿热处理(HMT),研究不同直链淀粉含量对小麦淀粉的影响,以及HMT对损伤淀粉的改性作用。研究表明:直链淀粉含量可以影响损伤度、糊化温度和糊化焓。HMT可显著降低高损伤度淀粉的损伤含量,HMT改性之后溶解度和溶胀势有下降趋势,淀粉颗粒出现明显的聚集现象,并且可以促进淀粉的重结晶作用。     

表观直链淀粉含量对小麦淀粉凝胶流变特性影响的研究

探讨表观直链淀粉在小麦淀粉凝胶的流变学特性中的作用,寻找表观直链淀粉含量与流变特性参数间的相关性。运用动态流变仪对9种不同品种小麦淀粉的糊化和短期回生进行分析,找出流变特性参数,并运用SPSS分析其相关性。在表观直链淀粉含量相差较大的情况下,结合糯小麦淀粉来考察,直链淀粉对于升温、降温、时间扫描和频率扫描等过程的流变特性有着重要的影响;当直链含量相差较小时,在8个普通小麦品种间,直链淀粉对与降温过程和凝胶形成强度有着决定性的影响。在整个短期回生过程中,表观直链淀粉含量直接决定凝胶的流变特性,但是在表征流变特性上有一定的局限性。     

小麦淀粉的白度与淀粉颗粒分布的关系的研究

以国内小麦主产区的13种小麦的小麦淀粉为原料,分析了小麦淀粉的颗粒度分布及表观白度,结果表明,小麦淀粉的白度与小麦B-淀粉的含量呈显著负相关(相关系数为-0.81),与A、B淀粉颗粒的比值呈显著正相关(r=0.80)     

国内优质小麦淀粉特性研究

为保持小麦淀粉天然特性,发展一种通过直接破碎浸泡过的小麦籽粒分离淀粉的方法,然后对所得十九种国内优质小麦的淀粉的蛋白质、脂肪、直链淀粉、水分含量及白度进行测定,通过比较、分析,总结得出不同品种小麦淀粉特性。     

小麦淀粉凝胶质构特性研究

为了掌握不同小麦品种淀粉凝胶质构特性;陕西关中小麦品种和西澳面条用小麦品种的淀粉凝胶质构的异同;淀粉的直链淀粉含量、色度及粘度特性与淀粉凝胶质构特性的关系。以参加陕西省关中小麦品种区域试验的15个小麦品种(品系)、西澳8个面条用小麦品种(品系)为材料,研究了小麦品种淀粉凝胶质构特性及淀粉特性与凝胶质构特性的关系。结果表明:不同小麦品种淀粉凝胶质构特性不同,陕西关中小麦品种之间淀粉凝胶质构特性比西澳面条小麦品种之间差异大。直链淀粉含量与凝胶特性无明显关系;色度中L值与凝胶硬度呈显著正相关;粘度特性与淀粉凝胶质构特性显著相关。关中小麦品种小偃6号、小偃128、秦农068和西澳面条小麦品种具有相似的凝胶质构特性。     

魔芋胶对小麦淀粉理化性质影响研究

以小麦淀粉为原料,研究不同添加量魔芋胶对小麦淀粉糊化特性、质构性、冻融稳定性和消化性影响。结果表明:随魔芋胶添加量增加,小麦淀粉粘度呈上升趋势;添加魔芋胶后淀粉凝胶冻融稳定性提高,硬度降低;且小麦淀粉快速消化淀粉含量明显降低,而慢速消化淀粉含量明显升高。     

对热损伤程度不同小麦总淀粉、A-淀粉、B-淀粉其颗粒特性及淀粉糊特性研究

为探索不同程度热损伤对小麦淀粉其颗粒特性与淀粉糊特性影响,以市售神象特一粉为原料,在室温、50℃和70℃温度处理下,分别测定小麦总淀粉、A–淀粉、B–淀粉破损淀粉含量、淀粉颗粒特性和淀粉糊特性变化;同时,该文探究热损伤对淀粉糊化特性影响,并表述该损伤方式损伤机理。     

小麦纤维对绿豆淀粉理化特性影响

以绿豆淀粉为原料,研究添加不同量小麦纤维对绿豆淀粉溶胀度、可溶指数、糊化特性、凝胶质构、消化性等理化指标影响。结果表明,添加小麦纤维后,绿豆淀粉溶胀度和可溶指数增加;其峰值粘度、谷值粘度、末值粘度、衰减值也增加;绿豆淀粉凝胶硬度随小麦纤维添加量增加而增大;且添加小麦纤维绿豆淀粉,其快速消化淀粉含量和抗性淀粉含量明显低于对照组,但慢速消化淀粉含量高于对照组。     

淀粉预处理方法对多孔淀粉的影响

多孔淀粉的制备原料有玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉等。在制备过程中,淀粉原料某些性质的变化对多孔淀粉性质有一定影响,不同原料、或同一原料的不同处理方式都会影响多孔淀粉的形成。有效的预处理方法对改变淀粉原料的性质,提高多孔淀粉的生产效率,降低生产成本,改善多孔淀粉的性质十分重要。     

Biosynthesis of starch; identification of potato starch enzymes

Two important starch enzymes, granule-bound starch synthase and branching enzyme, were purified from potato tubers and characterized by immunological comparison with the corresponding enzymes of other plants. Granule-bound starch synthase was identified as a 60-kd protein homologous to the corresponding enzymes of maize and amaranth; the enzyme was missing in amylose-free potato starch granules. Branching enzyme of potato tubers was purified as a single protein species of 79 kd which appeared to be homologous to maize branching enzyme I, but much less to branching enzymes IIa and IIb.     

淀粉类吸附剂--多孔淀粉与环糊精的比较

从制备方法、成孔机理、吸附作用和吸附机理等方面对多孔淀粉与环糊精之间的差异进行了比较,并论述了两者在实际运用中的异同,显示出多孔淀粉良好的应用前景。     

Effect of damaged starch on wheat starch thermal behavior

The influence of damaged starch (DS) on gelatinization and retrogradation wheat starch properties was investigated. Samples with different content of DS were obtained and evaluated. DSC was used for monitoring the changes in thermal behavior of the starch samples at different water amounts. Starch thermal transitions were affected simultaneously by DS content and water content. The Flory–Huggins parameters were modified by DS. A significant raise in the T°_m, and x_1–2, and a decrease in ΔH_u was recorded. The AP retrogradation kinetics was evaluated by Avrami model. A significant increase of the AP crystallization rate was observed when DS increased. The results demonstrated the importance of the presence of physically damaged granules on wheat starch properties.     

直链淀粉含量对抗性淀粉形成的影响

考察不同直链淀粉含量的高直链玉米淀粉形成抗性淀粉的能力。结果表明:随着直链淀粉含量的增加抗性淀粉含量增大,最高可达20.74%,普通玉米淀粉的抗性淀粉得率仅为9.09%。     

零余子淀粉及其淀粉糊特性研究

对零余子淀粉的颗粒形态、晶体结构、淀粉糊性质进行了研究,并与山药淀粉选行比较.结果表明,零余子淀粉颗粒呈卵圆形,支链淀粉含量大于直链淀粉,X-射线衍射表明,零余子与山药淀粉均为C型晶体结构,结晶度分别为32.02％和34.32％.DTG曲线分析表明,零余子、山药淀粉的最大失重速率温度分别为311.3℃和313.8℃.零余子和山药淀粉糊液为非牛顿流体,剪切使糊液变稀,淀粉糊的动态流变行为表现为低剪切速率对两种淀粉糊凝胶特性影响不大,当剪切速率大于80r·s-1时,升温会导致淀粉糊由凝胶向溶胶转变.     

芋头淀粉提取工艺优化及淀粉特性研究

以NaOH为浸泡剂,探讨了料液比、pH、浸泡时间、浸泡温度对芋头淀粉提取率及色泽的影响,并对芋头淀粉特性进行了初步研究。结果显示芋头淀粉提取最佳工艺条件为：pH10.0、浸泡温度25℃、料液比1：3、浸泡时间80min。提取率可达84.82%,淀粉白度高达94.11,优于现有文献报道及市售其它常用淀粉;淀粉特性研究显示,芋头淀粉的体积平均粒度在10μm以下,d（0.5）为14.6μm,稍大于10μm;芋头淀粉具有优良的热稳定性、冷稳定性,凝胶强度和凝成特性等特性。     

Gelatinisation of starch and wheat flour starch—A review

Gelatinisation of wheat starch is reviewed, making comparisons with other starches.Starch in wheat kernel endosperm is briefly described. Various aspects of gelatinisation of starch in water are considered, including swelling and interaction with water before the onset of gelatinisation, increase in consistency during gelatinisation, gelatinisation temperature, types of gelatinised system and gel and paste formation upon cooling. In addition, the traditional rationale of gelatinisation and gelatinisation from the viewpoint of water mobility are discussed.Experimental methods used to study gelatinisation are also reviewed, as are the effects of starch concentration, protein, pentosans, surface active agents, fats, salt and sugars on gelatinisation and shear rate on consistency.     

Utilization of rice starch with gums in Asian starch noodle preparation as substitute for sweet potato starch

Starch noodles were produced using a medium grain rice starch in the presence of various gums, and physical properties of the noodles were compared with sweet potato starch noodle. Pasting viscosity of the rice starch was lower than that of sweet potato starch (830 vs. 1,618 cp as peak viscosity). The peak viscosity, however, was increased by the addition of gums (0.1% based on dispersion), and especially xanthan was the most effective in increasing the peak viscosity (1,478 cp). The cooking loss for the rice starch noodles (1.5 mg/mL), greater than that for the sweet potato starch noodle (0.2 mg/mL), was effectively reduced to 0.8 and 0.9 mg/mL, respectively, by the addition of locust bean gum (LBG) and curdlan. The addition of LBG or gellen gum also increased the hardness of the rice noodles. Aging (extended retrogradation) the noodles was effective in reducing the cooking loss and improving the textural properties of the rice starch noodles. The combination of the gum addition (like LBG) and aging of the rice starch noodle might be useful for utilizing rice starch as a substitute for sweet potato starch in Asian noodle preparation.