济宁市部分3—7岁儿童血铅水平及其影响因素调查研究

目的了解济宁市3—7岁儿童血铅水平，探讨其影响因素，为控制儿童铅中毒提供依据。方法2004年8月～2005年6月，选择济宁市城区与郊区16所幼儿园1716名3，7岁儿童进行调查。结果儿童血铅均值为81．3μg／L，其中30．5％高于目前国际公认的儿童铅中毒标准（100μg／L）；农村儿童血铅水平高于城市。铅中毒者所占比例有随着年龄的增长而增长趋势。长期食用膨化食品、啃咬铅笔可引起儿童铅中毒。结论济宁市儿童血铅水平和铅中毒检出率较高，开展铅中毒防治与血铅检测工作非常必要。     

浙江省洞头县学龄前儿童血铅水平调查

目的全面了解洞头县境内儿童体内的血铅水平。方法取2006年7月～2008年9月洞头县教育幼儿园及门诊体检的1～6岁儿童800人作为调查对象,采用原子荧光光谱法,检测其血铅含量。结果洞头县境内儿童体内的血铅水平明显高于全国平均水平,4～6岁组的平均血铅含量及铅中毒检出率明显高于1～3岁组,两者有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论洞头县1～6岁学龄前儿童的血铅含量偏高,且高年龄段儿童的血铅含量及铅中毒人数均高于低年龄组,应引起有关部门重视。     

太原市城区及其郊区儿童铅中毒调查研究

目的为了解当前我国北方某城区及其郊区儿童血铅(BPb)水平。方法选择太原市城区和其郊区1～4岁儿童进行血铅测定,城区190名;郊区207名。结果城区儿童BPb水平(μmol/L)平均为0.313,Ⅰ级为77.9%,ⅡA级为22.1%,无ⅡB级以上者;而城郊儿童BPb水平(μmol/L)平均为0.733,Ⅰ级为44.0%,ⅡA级为16.9%,ⅡB级为16.9%,Ⅱ级共33.8%,Ⅲ级为20.8%,Ⅳ级为1.4%。结论城区儿童血铅(BPb)水平分布明显低于郊区,郊区儿童铅中毒较为严重,由于低水平铅暴露对儿童健康都会产生不良的影响,所以,无论城区还是郊区,都应采取积极的预防铅污染措施,防止铅对儿童的危害。     

厦门市3075例儿童血铅检测与分析

目的：了解厦门市区儿童血铅水平分布状况,为预防儿童铅中毒提供依据。方法：随机选择我院门诊就诊的儿童3 075例,年龄0～12岁,原子吸收石墨炉法测定血铅值。结果：儿童血铅均值为64.98 g/L,铅中毒检出率为9.33%,随着年龄增加血铅均值及铅中毒检出率呈现逐渐增高的趋势,男童血铅均值及铅中毒检出率高于女童。结论：厦门市儿童铅中毒率接近国内其他城市平均水平,但血铅水平有随年龄增长而增加的趋势,铅污染对儿童身体健康危害应引起重视。     

南宁市学龄前儿童血铅水平对体格发育和心理行为影响的研究

目的:探讨南宁市学龄前儿童血铅水平(BPb)对体格发育和心理行为的影响.方法:对南宁市624名2～6岁学龄前儿童进行血铅、体格发育、血红蛋白以及心理行为的测定.结果:以美国国家疾病预防控制中心制定的铅中毒标准(血铅水平100μg/L)为界线,2～岁组、4～岁组和总体男童血铅水平显著高于女童(P＜0.05);男女童各年龄组间血铅水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2～岁组、3～岁组和总体男童的铅中毒检出率显著高于女童(P＜0.05);男女童各年龄组间铅中毒检出率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);学龄前儿童血铅水平对身高和体重达标率及贫血发生率的影响差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);血铅水平≥100 μg/L的学龄前儿童交往不良、躯体叙述攻击和多动违纪行为的发生率显著高于血铅水平＜100 μg/L的学龄前儿童(P＜0.05).结论:南宁市学龄前儿童血铅含量存在性别差异,而且血铅水平对学龄前儿童心理行为具有一定的影响.     

呼和浩特市城区儿童铅中毒危险因素分析

目的:了解呼和浩特市城区0~6岁儿童血铅水平及相关危险因素,为制定铅中毒的防治措施提供依据。方法:采用钨舟原子吸收光谱仪进行血铅检测,同时进行相关因素问卷调查。结果:呼和浩特市城区儿童血铅水平均值为0.280μmol/L,铅中毒率为7.47%;儿童吃爆米花、咬铅笔、居住靠近交通主干道、母亲学历低等是儿童铅中毒的主要危险因素;而儿童食用奶类、补钙、铁、锌为保护性因素。结论:儿童生活行为、饮食习惯、居住环境、父母受教育程度及营养状况影响儿童的血铅水平。应广泛开展健康教育,营养干预,有效降低铅对儿童的危害。     

徐州市儿童血铅水平及其相关因素的调查

目的 了解徐州市0～6岁儿童血铅水平及其相关因素。方法 对市内东、西、南、北4个方位及一矿区共1070名0～6岁儿童采用石墨炉方法检测血铅水平，并对其个人情况及家庭生活环境等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果 被调查儿童血铅水平平均为66．82μg／L，铅中毒的检出率为18．32％。大年龄组儿童铅污染流行率较小年龄组明显升高；儿童每日在马路边上逗留时间长，儿童咬铅笔、吮手指，父母职业铅接触及临街居住是造成儿童血铅水平增高的主要因素。结论 铅中毒与环境污染、小儿的不良习惯、父母职业铅接触及临街居住有关。     

南通市区2569名0～6岁儿童血铅水平调查分析

目的 了解南通市区0～6岁儿童血铅水平及铅中毒流行情况,为防治儿童铅中毒,保护儿童健康提供科学依据.方法 应用原子吸收光谱法对南通市区2569名0～6岁儿童进行血铅水平测定并统计分析.结果 不同性别间儿童血铅水平均值和铅中毒率差异均无显著性(P>0.05),0～岁组、1～岁组、2～岁组血铅水平均值有逐渐增高趋势,而2～岁组、3～岁组、4～岁组随着年龄增加又表现出血铅水均值略有下降,5～6岁组又有所增高.结论 南通市区0～6岁儿童血铅水平较高,铅中毒流行状况不容乐观,应引起儿童家长及全社会的高度重视.     

安阳市0～6岁儿童血铅水平检测结果分析

目的　了解安阳市0～6岁儿童血铅水平,为环保部门提供理论参考。方法　采用严格质量控制的流行病学调查方法,于2 0 0 3年7月～9月,随机对安阳市市区及周边矿区共36 8例0～6岁儿童进行血铅水平的检测。结果　36 8例儿童血铅水平均数为96 .0 0±19.5 2μg·L- 1 ,且以2～3岁段血铅均值最高,为10 1.84±2 0 .4 7μg·L- 1 。铅中毒无性别差异(P>0 .0 5 )。矿区铅中毒儿童检出率为36 .11% ,与市区儿童铅中毒检出率2 4 .6 2 %相比,有显著差异(P<0 .0 5 )。结论　安阳市市区儿童铅中毒发生率与全国平均发生率相近似,周边矿区儿童铅中毒发生率高于市区及全国平均水平。     

西安市儿童铅中毒调查结果分析

目的：了解西安市0岁～6岁儿童铅中毒状况。方法：从2004年至2006年随机抽取西安市0岁～6岁2673例儿童进行末梢血血铅测定，对每年儿童铅中毒情况进行动态分析。结果：2004年儿童铅中毒率13．4％显著高于2005年的4．6％和2006年的5．4％（P〈0．01），而儿童居住环境、父母职业、生活和饮食习惯等是婴幼儿铅中毒的主要危险因素。结论：西安市0岁～6岁儿童铅中毒情况依然严重，应重视儿童铅防护，加强控制城市环境铅污染及儿童健康教育。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.