低温碳热还原法合成氮化铝陶瓷超细粉末

采用硝酸盐-有机物低温燃烧反应溶胶-凝胶工艺,以硝酸铝（Al（NO3）3·9H2O）、葡萄糖（C6H12O6·H2O）、尿素（CO（NH2）2）为原料,制备出粒度细小、混合均匀的铝源和碳源的混合前驱物,然后以该前驱物为原料进行碳热还原反应制备氮化铝粉末.研究表明,该前驱物具有较高的反应活性,氮化反应速率快,1550℃时仅用90min即可实现完全转化,SEM分析结果表明合成粉末为粒度分布均匀的纳米级（～100nm）粉末.     

尿素对以硝酸铝和葡萄糖为原料合成氮化铝粉末反应过程中相变及反应速率的影响

以硝酸铝(Al(NO3)3·9H2O)和葡萄糖(C6H12O6·H2O)为原料,利用碳热还原法制备氮化铝粉末,研究了尿素对前驱物的制备及前驱物氮化反应的影响,研究发现添加尿素合成的前驱物和未添加尿素合成的前驱物在氮化反应过程中相变和反应速率存在较大差异。在没有添加尿素合成的前驱物的氮化反应过程中,出现了γ-Al2O3、α-Al2O3、AlON和AIN相,该前驱物的反应速率慢,完全氮化需要在1600℃下才能完成。对于添加尿素合成的前驱物而言,在其氮化反应过程中仅出现了γ-Al2O3和AIN相,没有α-Al2O3和AlON的生成,AIN直接由γ-Al2O3氮化生成,该前驱物的氮化反应速率快,氮化反应温度低,在1400℃下即可实现完全氮化。分析讨论了两种前驱物的氮化反应速率不同的主要原因,并利用XRD、SEM等分析方法对粉末进行了表征。     

微波均相法制备CeO_2纳米带

研究了以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇为表面活性剂,利用微波均相法制备氧化铈纳米带的方法和结果,考察了聚乙二醇含量以及尿素与Ce(NO3)3·6H2O物质的量比对前驱物及其煅烧产物形貌的影响。结果表明:当聚乙二醇浓度为10g/L,尿素与Ce3+的物质的量比为12∶1时,采用微波均相合成法制得的CeO2前驱体及煅烧产物结晶良好,一维带状结构明显。     

纳米γ-Fe_2O_3的室温固相反应工艺研究

采用室温固相法合成了γ-Fe2O3的前驱体FeC2O4·2H2O及纳米γ-Fe2O3。以FeSO4·7H2O和H2C2O4·2H2O为原料,先得到了前驱体FeC2O4·2H2O,通过对反应机理的初步探讨,并研究其物质结构、分解过程和合适煅烧温度,最后在400℃下煅烧前驱体3h得到γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子。经热重(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)测试手段的分析,结果表明:室温固相法合成纳米γ-Fe2O3产物γ-Fe2O3纯净、粒子为纳米级且分布均匀。     

放电等离子烧结制备Ca2Co2O5热电材料及其性能研究

以Co(NO3)2·6H2O、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O为原料,NaOH为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀方法制备了前驱物.该前驱物预烧后,利用SPS进行烧结获得纯相Ca2Co2O5块体.分别采用DTA-TG、XRD和SEM对前驱体的热分解过程、Ca2Co2O5的形成过程进行了表征,并对其热导率进行了测试.结果表明在Ph=13.20获得所需化学计量比的前驱物.该前驱物在700～800℃预烧2h后,采用SPS烧结.烧结温度为800℃,压力30MPa,保温时间5min,可以获得纯相Ca2Co2O5块体.断口形貌为层状,晶粒长约1.4μm.热导率随温度的升高而降低.     

石英基复合导电粉末的制备与应用

传统的导电粉末存在性能不稳定、适用性差等问题。本文中以石英粉为基体 ,应用化学共沉淀技术 ,表面包覆掺杂的SnO2 制得了复合导电粉末。采用正交实验方法 ,确定了石英基复合导电粉末制备的最优化工艺条件 :水解pH值1.0 ,SnCl4·5H2 O/SbCl3 摩尔比 10∶1,SnCl4·5H2 O用量为2 0 % ,水解温度为 4 5℃ ,焙烧温度为 70 0℃。在该条件下 ,制得了平均粒径为 5 .7μm、电阻率为 2 5 3Ω·cm的复合导电粉末。用该导电粉末制得的导电涂料的体积电阻率仅为12 .6Ω·cm ,各项性能指标均达到国家标准     

溶胶-凝胶法制备C2S粉末

以正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)和 Ca(NO3 ) 2 · 4 H2 O为前驱物用溶胶 -凝胶法制备单矿物C2 S粉末。用甘油乙醇法测定 C2 S粉末的游离 Ca O含量 ;用 X射线衍射、红外光谱分析探讨了加水量、溶剂种类以及热处理制度等工艺参数对 C2 S粉末形成的影响 ;用扫描电镜观察水化 2天的 C2 S粉末以证实其活性。     

纳米Co_2O_3前躯体的室温固相反应工艺研究

采用室温固相反应合成纳米Co3O4前驱体,用X-射线衍射分析(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段对前驱体的制备工艺进行了研究,就不同工艺对前驱体形貌、尺寸和产率的影响规律进行了探讨。结果表明,采用CoSO4·7H2O和H2C2O4·2H2O为原料制备的前驱体均为单斜相的CoC2O4·2H2O。在压应力作用下,前驱体的形貌主要为不规则多边形,颗粒尺寸在50～500nm范围内变化。而无压应力作用时,前驱体形貌为不规则形状,颗粒尺寸均匀,约为150～200nm。前驱体的产率与工艺参数有较大关系,对反应物分别研磨或反应物混合研磨、施加压力、升高温度和提高H2C2O4·2H2O的量将有利于提高前驱体的产率。     

Ca2Co2O5化合物的制备及热电性能的研究

以Co(NO3)2·6H2O,Ca(NO3)2·4H2O为原料,Na2CO3为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法和放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了Ca2Co2O5化合物.采用TG-DTA、XRD和SEM等手段对前驱体的热分解过程,样品的物相以及形貌进行了表征,测试了Ca2Co2O5的热电性能.实验结果表明沉淀前驱物经850℃预烧8 h后,利用SPS 850℃,压力30MPa保温5min,制备了纯相Ca2Co2O5化合物.该化合物的电阻率和热导率均随温度的升高而降低,800℃时,热电性能优值(ZT)为0.12.     

化学镀Co-B软磁合金工艺研究

研究了稀土元素Ce介入化学镀钴硼软磁合金的工艺流程、镀液组成和工艺参数。在正交试验的基础上分析了镀液组成对沉积速度的影响 ,综合考察了镀层表面质量及镀层与基体的结合力。结果表明稀土元素Ce的加入能明显提高镀液的稳定性和沉积速度。确定了合适的稀土元素加入方式 ,得到了获得良好稀土钴硼合金镀层的最佳镀液组成和操作条件为 :Ce 1g/L ,Na2 C4 H4 O6 ·2H2 O　 70g/L ,KBH4 1g/L ,Na2 B4 O7·10H2 O 4g/L ,CoCl2 ·6H2 O 11g/L ,温度 4 5℃ ,pH值 13.5。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.