有机硅工业废水处理方法研究进展

主要介绍了有机硅产品的生产工艺,分析了有机硅工业废水的水质特点。根据国内外的研究进展,总结了近几年有机硅工艺废水的处理方法,主要有化学氧化法、物理絮凝法、微电解处理工艺、生化处理工艺和气提处理工艺等。并且对Fenton氧化法和壳聚糖及其衍生物联用的技术进行了可行性分析,同时对有机硅废水处理技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

油田压裂返排液处理工艺的研究现状及展望

针对油田压裂返排液化学试剂含量高、组分复杂、处理难度大的特点,综述了近年来物理法、化学法、生化法、组合法等压裂返排液处理工艺的研究进展,分析了各种处理工艺的优缺点,并对压裂返排液处理工艺的发展方向进行了展望,认为采用组合法处理油田压裂返排液,并对其进行资源化回收利用是压裂返排液处理工艺的发展趋势。     

干法腈纶废水处理技术研究进展

干法腈纶废水水质复杂,迄今为止没有成熟的处理工艺,已经成为世界难题。从物化和生化处理两方面分别对近年来国内外学者的研究工作进行了综述,详细介绍了各处理方法的可行性及存在的问题,并针对目前的研究进展,提出了建议。     

氯碱企业废水生化处理技术改造

对污水生化处理工艺进行研究.针对生化系统现状,提出提高活性污泥浓度、改进曝气工艺技术、回收好氧菌及优化技术方案.实施后获得较好的生化处理效果,保障了污水装置的正常运行.     

畜禽养殖废水预处理技术研究进展

随着畜禽养殖的规模化、集约化发展,大多数养殖场的常规厌氧-好氧生物处理工艺暴露出处理效率低和运行稳定性较差的问题。针对废水中高浓度有机物、悬浮物和氨氮给后续生物处理带来的污染负荷和生物毒性问题,从物化法、生化法和联合法三方面介绍了近年来国内外有关畜禽养殖废水预处理技术的研究进展,分析了各种技术的特点和适用情况,对未来相关技术的研发进行了展望。     

垃圾渗滤液处理方法与工艺研究

中国城镇化的加速亦造成人口的高度集中，城市居民生活垃圾处理过程中带来垃圾渗滤液的快速增长及环境污染难题。本文对垃圾渗滤液的种类、特点及危害进行了归纳，对当前垃圾渗滤液的常用处理方法从生物处理法、物化处理法与膜处理方法三方面进行梳理与总结，并从可生化性差异角度总结了典型渗滤液处理工艺路线，指出目前垃圾渗滤液的处理难点、重点以及应对的方法。未来应针对生物脱硝等生物强化技术、更低成本的化学方法、膜分离技术的创新融合以及新工艺路线的探索等角度进一步对渗滤液的处理工艺进行研究。     

生化法填料对粘胶纤维低浓度废气处理效果的影响

生化法处理粘胶纤维低浓度废气是一种新型的废气处理工艺,具有基建投资少、运行费用低、便于管理的特点。对其处理工艺效果的诸多影响因素中,生化塔填料是影响处理效果的关键因素。介绍了生化法处理粘胶纤维低浓度废气的工艺原理,和生化塔填料的物理化学特性、类型及填料层高度等对废气生化塔的效能影响。     

A2/O法处理啤酒生产废水机理及处理工艺研究

本文采用A2/O法生化处理工艺对啤酒生产废水进行生化处理和除磷脱氮进行了研究,试验过程中直接引入啤酒生产废水进入A2/O法处理系统,进行碳氧化、氨化、硝化和生化除磷脱氮,试验结果表明所考核的主要污染物指标达到排放标准。     

工业废气中丙酮处理工艺研究进展

工业废气中丙酮回收的问题,是当前工业废气处理的难点、热点问题。本文详细介绍了吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法、燃烧法和膜分离法等常用的工业废气中丙酮的处理工艺,分析现有的丙酮处理工艺在工程实施方面存在的问题,对各个方法进行比较。并对以后的研究方向进行了展望,指出多种方法集成技术是工业废气中丙酮处理工艺的工业化新方向。     

难降解有机废水处理技术研究进展

随着化学工业及其相关产业的高速发展,难生物降解的有机污染物工业废水种类和数量日益增多,对生态环境和人类健康的危害也日益严峻,尤其是化工、医药、农药、造纸和冶金等行业。由于经济和技术方面的原因,采用传统的废水处理技术如物理法、化学法和生化法已不能满足越来越高的环保要求,探索高效、经济的方法处理高毒性和难生化降解有机废水已成为化学界和环保领域重要的研究课题。阐述各种方法和工艺的优缺点及其研究现状,并在加强单一技术研发的基础上,提出多种处理技术耦合新工艺,如光-Fenton氧化相结合处理工艺、厌氧与好氧相结合处理工艺和化学与生化处理组合处理工艺,既克服了传统处理有机废水工艺的缺点,同时具有较好的处理效果,为今后高浓度有机废水处理指明研究方向,对高浓度有机废水的工业处理具有重要意义。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。