斑点追踪显像技术对无左心室肥厚高血压病患者左心室幼向舒张功能的研究

目的探讨斑点追踪显像技术评价无左心室肥厚高血压病左室纵向舒张功能的临床价值。方法对30例无左心室肥厚（nLvH）高血压病患者和40例正常人,应用斑点追踪显像（sTI）技术,采集左室心尖长轴三个切面图像。应用EchoPAc工作站的二维应变分析软件,测量左室长轴各切面室壁节段的纵向舒张早期峰值应变率（srLe）、纵向舒张晚期峰值应变率（srLa）。用血流多普勒法测定二尖瓣口血流峰值速度fE,A）及E／A。结果与对照组相比,sTI技术测量的高血压病纽左室心尖三个长轴切面的srLe均显著降低,差异有统计学意义。结论斑点追踪显像技术能准确地测量无左心室肥厚高血压病患者舒缩期左室壁纵向舒张功能,为无创检测早期诊断高血压病患者左室长轴舒张功能减退提供了新方法。     

超声斑点追踪成像技术评价主动脉瓣狭窄患者 左心房功能的临床研究

目的 应用超声斑点追踪成像（STI）技术评价主动脉瓣狭窄（AS）患者左心房功能,早期预测 肺循环障碍及肺水肿的发生。方法 选取30 例AS 患者（AS 组）及30 例健康志愿者（对照组）作为研究对象。 采用超声诊断仪分别取心尖四腔、五腔及心底短轴切面图测量。记录主动脉瓣口面积（Aa）、主动脉瓣口血 流峰速（Av）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）法、二尖瓣口血流E 峰/A 峰（E/A）、左心房收缩末期容积（LAVS）、 左心房舒张末期容积（LAVD）、左心房P 容积（LAVp）、左心房主动射血分数（LAAEF）及左心房被动射血 分数（LAPEF）。应用Q-LAB 软件分析左心室收缩期左心房峰值变形率、左心室舒张早期左心房峰值变形率 及左室舒张晚期左心房峰值变形率。结果 ① AS 组较对照组Aa 减小,Av 增大,E/A 减小,LVEF 减小（P <0.05）; ②两组LAVD、LAVp、LAVS、LAPEF 比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）,AS 组较对照组LAAEF 减低（P <0.05）; ③ AS 组较对照组左心室收缩期左心房峰值变形率、左心室舒张早期左心房峰值变形率、左心室舒张晚期左 心房峰值变形率降低。结论 AS 患者应用STI 技术测量各指标有变化。STI 技术能早期发现AS 患者左心房 功能受损,有利于预测肺循环及肺水肿的发生,延缓右心衰、改善预后。     

应变率成像对左心室舒张功能减低者左心房功能的研究

目的探讨应变率成像在评价左心室舒张功能减低者左心房功能中的价值。方法采用应变率成像技术获取58例左心室舒张功能减低者和58例左心室舒张功能正常者左心房侧壁、下壁、前壁、后壁、房间隔在心室收缩期,心室舒张早期和心房收缩期左心房峰值应变率（SRs、SRe及SRa）。多普勒超声测量二尖瓣口舒张期血流比值（E/A）、A峰速度时间积分（A-VTI）;测量肺静脉频谱的收缩、舒张期峰值流速比值（S/D）;组织多普勒测量二尖瓣环6点舒张期速度峰值（Aa）;左心室长轴切面测量左心房内径;计算左心房射血力（LAF）。结果左心室舒张功能减低组与左心室舒张功能正常组之间左心房前后径（LAD）、E/A、S/D、A-VTI和SRe差异无统计学意义;舒张晚期A峰峰值流速（A）、Aa、LAF、SRs和SRa差异均有统计学意义;左心室舒张功能减低组左心房应变率（SRa）与左心房射血力（AEF）成正相关（=0.81,〈0.01）与二尖瓣环舒张晚期组织速度（Aa）成正相关（=0.87,〈0.01）。结论应变率成像能准确评价左心室舒张功能减低者左心房收缩功能。     

超声心动图评价肥胖患者左心室收缩及舒张功能

目的应用超声心动图技术评价肥胖患者左心室收缩及舒张功能的改变,为临床及时诊治肥胖患者的心脏疾病提供帮助。方法应用常规超声心动图、组织多普勒以及三维斑点追踪技术（3D—STI）分别测量本院2012年3月-2013年7月132例肥胖患者（左心室射血分数≥50％）的左心室舒张、收缩功能,并进行比较分析。结果与对照组相比,肥胖组的左心房指数、左心室舒张末期内径指数、左心室收缩末期内径指数、二尖瓣口舒张晚期灌注峰值流速（A）、组织多普勒二尖瓣环舒张晚期峰值速度（A’）值升高;肥胖组的肺静脉收缩期峰值速度（S）、二尖瓣口舒张早期灌注峰值流速与二尖瓣口舒张晚期灌注峰值流速比值（E／A）、组织多普勒二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度与二尖瓣环舒张晚期峰值速度比值（E’／A’）降低;三维整体应变参数中,肥胖组的左心室质量、左心室整体径向收缩期峰值应变（global radial strain,GRS）升高,左心室整体圆周收缩期峰值应变（global circumferential strain,GCS）、左心室整体纵向收缩期峰值应变（global longitudinal strain,GLS）以及左心室整体面积收缩期峰值应变（global area strain,GAS）减低,两组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;单变量线性回归分析,肥胖组S、GLS、GCS、GRS以及GAS与体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）有较好的相关性;Stepwise逐步回归分析发现GCS（P=0．002）与BMI相关性最强。结论3D—STI为临床评估肥胖患者左心室收缩功能提供新的敏感指标。     

二维斑点追踪显像评价系统性红斑狼疮患者左心房功能

目的 应用二维斑点追踪显像技术（two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging,STI）评价系统性红斑狼疮（SEE）患者左心房功能,探讨其临床应用价值.方法 正常对照组40例健康志愿者,病例组40例SLE患者分别接受常规超声心动图检查,收集患者一般资料,采集心尖四腔心切面、心尖两腔心切面、心尖长轴切面动态二维图像,应用二维斑点追踪显像技术获取左心房侧壁基底段、房间隔基底段在左心室收缩期、舒张早期和舒张晚期的峰值应变率计算平均峰值应变率.结果 与对照组比较,SLE组平均峰值应变率mSRs、mSRe降低及mSRa升高（P＜0.05）.结论 二维斑点追踪显像技术能客观、准确观察到SLE患者左心房功能的变化,为临床早期诊断SLE患者左心房功能改变提供新指标。     

利用斑点追踪技术评价糖尿病患者左室功能的应用价值

目的：：探讨利用斑点追踪技术评价糖尿病患者左室收缩及舒张功能的应用价值。方法：选取糖尿病患者27名作为研究组,30名非糖尿病患者作为对照组,2组患者均除外其它影响心脏功能的疾患。对2组患者进行常规超声检查,测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、舒张期二尖瓣口流速E/A、等容舒张时间(IVRT)。在四腔心切面及左室短轴切面(基底水平、乳头肌水平、心尖水平)进行2D斑点追踪(2D-STI)检查,分别测量收缩期纵向应变(SL)、应变率(SrL)及径向应变(SR)、应变率(SrR)。并测量舒张期早期应变率 E’峰与舒张晚期应变率 A’峰、E’/A’。结果：2组患者之间 LVEF、LVEDd、E/A、SrL、SrR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖尿病组患者 IVRT、纵向及径向 A’峰均大于对照组,而SL、SR、纵向及径向E’峰、E’/A’均小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：2 D-STI可以发现糖尿病性心肌病左室收缩及舒张功能早期改变。     

实时三维超声心动图评价冠心病患者左室功能应用价值的研究

目的：探讨实时三维超声心动图在冠心病患者左心室功能评价中的应用价值.方法：72例正常人和72例冠心病患者行心脏三维超声心动图检查,对采集的三维超声图像进行处理,计算出左室舒张末期容积（EDV）、收缩末期容积（ESV）和左室射血分数（LVEF）来评价患者左心室功能,并与二维超声心动图的相应评价结果进行比较.结果：冠心病组实时三维超声心动图检查的EDV,ESV明显高于其二维超声心动图检查的EDV,ESV,且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;冠心病组的二维超声心动图和实时三维超声心动图检查的EDV,ESV,LVEF均明显高于正常人组,且差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论：实时三维超声心动图在临床检查冠心病患者左心室功能中具有更好的应用价值.     

3D-STI 在先天性心脏病左心室收缩功能中的应用

目的研究三维斑点追踪技术（31）-STI）在评价先天性心脏病患者左心室收缩功能中的应用价值。方法选取先天性心脏病患者52例,另选52例作为对照。常规心脏超声检查左心房前后径、左心室舒张末期前后径及舒张末期肺动脉内径。三维超声计算左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左心室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）以及左心室整体纵向收缩峰值应变（LVGES）、左心室整体环向收缩峰值应变（LVGCS）和左心室整体径向收缩峰值应变（LVGRS）。结果与对照组相比,室间隔缺损（VSD）和动脉导管未闭（PDA）患者左心室、左心房内径增大、肺动脉内径增宽（p〈0．05）,房间隔缺损（ASD）组患者左心室、左心房内径减小、肺动脉内径增宽（P〈0．05）。同时VSD组和PDA组的心室容积与射血分数均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,而ASD组则比对照组偏低。此外,CHD各组LVGLS、LVGRS、LVGCS均较对照组增高（P〈0．05）。结论3D—STI具有操作便捷和无创的优势,且较以往的超声检查能更准确地评估心脏在三维空间的运动及心肌功能。对CHD患者心功能的变化能够客观的评价。     

三维斑点追踪显像技术评价心脏X综合征患者左心室收缩功能的效果研究

背景　心脏X综合征（CSX）病理生理机制目前仍然不十分明确,在女性缺血综合征评估研究中,有数据表明在冠状动脉造影中约50%的女性及17%的男性无冠状动脉狭窄或狭窄程度<50%。与正常人群比较,CSX患者的心肌梗死与脑卒中发病率更高,由于CSX容易进展,冠状动脉病变容易加重,故寻求一种新的评估手段就显得尤为重要。目的　利用三维斑点追踪显像技术对CSX患者左心室收缩功能进行评价。方法　选取2016年6月-2017年9月入住湖州市中心医院心内科表现为典型胸痛、运动平板试验阳性但冠状动脉造影显示冠状动脉无明显异常的40例CSX患者为研究组,另选取同期门诊体检健康者20例为对照组,利用常规超声心动图检查左心室舒张功能及收缩功能指标,同时利用三维斑点追踪显像技术分析两组左心室纵向、径向、圆周、面积应变,同时测定左心室整体扭转角度及扭矩。结果　两组左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左房室瓣口舒张早期血流峰值（E）/左房室瓣口舒张晚期血流峰值（A）、E/左房室瓣环舒张早期运动速度（E'）、左房室瓣环室间隔侧收缩期峰值（S'）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组径向应变、圆周应变比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组纵向应变、面积应变较对照组降低,扭转角度、扭矩较对照组升高（P<0.05）。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,纵向应变〔OR=0.520,95%CI（0.310,0.875）〕、面积应变〔OR=0.463,95%CI（0.280,0.764）〕是CSX的影响因素（P<0.05）。纵向应变诊断CSX的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积为0.839,面积应变诊断CSX的ROC曲线下面积为0.853。结论　利用三维斑点追踪显像技术评估CSX患者左心室收缩功能,能有效评定左心室各节段收缩功能,与正常人群相比,在常规超声无法发现早期改变的情况下,可更早并更敏感地检测出局部缺血心肌,用来指导临床实践。     

二维斑点追踪显像及实时三维成像技术评价风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者左心房功能

目的：探讨二维斑点追踪显像（STI）和实时三维超声心动图（RT-3DE）相结合评价风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者左心房功能的临床价值。方法：42例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者根据是否伴发房颤分为窦性组17例和房颤组25,与24例健康志愿者（对照组）分别接受常规超声心动图检查,收集一般资料;采集二维图像,STI分别测量左房间隔和侧壁各节段左窒收缩期应变率（SR S）、左室舒张早期应变率（SR E）、左房收缩期应变率（SR A）;采集三维图像,RT-3DE测量左房最小容积（LAV min）、左房最大容积（LAV max）以及左房射血分数（LAEF）。结果：与对照组相比,窦性组和房颤组中左心房各节段的SR S、SR E、SR A测值均降低（P〈0.05）,左房前后径（LA）、LAV max、LAV min测值均明显增大（P〈0.01）,LAEF则明显减小（P〈0.01）。与窦性组相比,房颤组侧壁、房间隔的基底段及房间隔房顶段的SR S明显降低（P〈0.01）,侧壁中间段、房顶段,房间隔中间段的SR S值减低（P〈0.05）,SR E测值降低（P〈0.05）。与窦性组相比,房颤组LAV max、LAV min均明显增大（P〈0.01）,LA也增大（P〈0.05）,LAEF无差异。结论：STI和RT-3DE相结合的方法能更准确地评价风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者左心房整体及局部的功能,为临床评价左心房功能提供又一有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.