小切口开胸手术与全胸腔镜治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的效果分析

目的探讨小切口开胸手术与全胸腔镜治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的效果.方法将2008年5月~2011年5月收治的86例早期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为小切口组和胸腔镜组各43例,分别进行小切口手术和胸腔镜手术,分析两组总体及不同叶间裂发育情况的术中出血量、手术时间、总体的术后恢复指标(术后带胸管时间、引流量、淋巴结清扫个数及住院时间)和并发症情况.结果(1)胸腔镜组的手术时间均多于小切口组[(214±44)min vs (169±26)min,P<0.05],但术中出血量低于小切口组[(65±13)mL vs (97±26)mL,P<0.05];(2)除淋巴结清扫个数没有差异外,胸腔镜组的术后带胸管时间[(5.2±0.9)d vs(7.6±1.5)d,P<0.05]短于小切口组,引流量[(168±33)mL vs(216±55)mL,P<0.05]少于小切口组,住院时间[(9.3±2.1)d vs (12.5±3.2)d,P<0.05]短于小切口组;(3)胸腔镜组的术后并发症发生总数低于小切口组(44.7% vs 21.1%,P<0.05),其中肺炎的发生率低于小切口组(5.3% vs 21.1%,P<0.05).结论胸腔镜下手术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌效果较好,可加快患者术后恢复并降低术后并发症.     

改良后外侧小切口在肺癌手术中的效果观察

目的探讨改良后外侧小切口在肺癌手术中的效果观察。方法选择该院2009年5月—2011年5月收治的肺癌患者80例,随机分为2组,对照组40例采用传统肺癌手术,观察组40例采用改良后外侧小切口术,就两组临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果观察组切口长度、开胸时间、开胸出血量、关胸时间、术后引流量、术后带管时间、术后住院时间、术后5d疼痛分级VAS等情况均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良后外侧小切口在肺癌手术中虽不能将常规开胸手术完全替代,但具有微创的优势,显著降低了并发症发生率,缩短住院时间,对其手术适应症合理掌握,可明显提高手术成功率,改善患者生存质量。     

改良后外侧小切口应用在29例肺癌手术中的临床疗效

目的研究改良后外侧小切口在临床肺癌手术治疗中的应用价值,探讨后外侧小切口术较传统开胸手术的治疗优势。方法抽取29例肺癌患者行改良后外侧小切口术进行治疗,另抽取29例肺癌患者行传统开胸手术治疗,观察对比两组患者开胸时间、切口长度、术中出血量、关胸时间,术后引流量、带管时间、疼痛程度和住院时间等情况。结果观察组患者切口长度、术中出血量、开胸时间、关胸时间、术后疼痛程度、带管时间、引流量和住院时间均显著优于行传统开胸手术治疗的对照组(P0.05)。结论对于肺癌患者,使用改良后外侧小切口手术进行治疗,患者术后状态稳定、住院时间短且安全性强,合理正确的应用于临床疾病的治疗中,可以显著改善患者术后生存质量,增加手术成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

三种胸部手术切口的比较

目的 探讨侧胸切口在胸部手术中的应用价值.方法 对胸部前外侧切口(n=8),后外侧切口(n=13)与侧胸切口(n=54)的三组患者进胸手术时间、术野面积、皮肤切口长度、进胸出血量、关胸时间等进行对比分析.结果 全组无手术死亡和严重并发症,侧胸切口进胸时间(12.6±1.6min)短于后外侧切口(16.3±0.8mm)和前外侧切口(14.6±1.2min),差异有显著性(P＜0.05);侧胸切口关胸时间(9.8±1.7min)短于后外侧切口(14.2±1.1min)和前外侧切口(12.2±1.6min),差异有显著性(P＜0.05).侧胸切口进胸失血量(28±4.6mL)少于后外侧切口的(46±8.5mL)和前外侧切口(43±7.8mL),差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 采用侧胸切口进胸、关胸时间短,失血量少,值得在临床推广应用.     

电视胸腔镜手术与开胸手术在纵隔肿瘤治疗中的应用

目的通过比较电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)与开胸手术(TH)治疗纵隔肿瘤的优缺点,探讨VATS手术治疗纵隔肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008年11月至2013年3月由新疆医科大学第一附属医院胸外科收治的330例纵隔肿瘤患者,其中154例行VATS手术,176例行TH手术,所有病例经病理诊断为胸腺瘤、畸胎瘤、神经源性肿瘤,随访1年。结果 VATS组和TH组无一例死亡,VATS胸腺瘤手术1例术后1年内复发,TH胸腺瘤手术2例术后1年内复发。VATS组与TH组比较,胸腺肿瘤切除术中出血量[(100.0±35.0)mL vs(150.0±40.0)mL]d、术后第1日胸管引流量[(80.0±30.0)mL vs(100.0±36.0)mL]min、术后胸腔引流时间[(3.0±0.5)d vs(4.0±0.8)d]、术后住院时间[(5.0±0.6)d vs(6.5±0.7)d]min、术后24 h VAS评分[(3.0±0.5)vs(5.0±0.9)]均少于TH组;畸胎瘤切除手术时间[(70.3±15.4)min vs(86.5±20.6)min]、术中出血量[(100.0±35.0)mL vs(150.0±40.0)mL]、术后第1日胸管引流量[(80.0±30.0)mL vs(100.0±36.0)mL]、术后胸腔引流时间[(3.0±0.5)d vs(4.0±0.8)d]、术后住院时间[(5.0±0.6)d vs(6.5±0.7)d]、术后24 h VAS评分[(3.0±0.5)vs(5.0±0.9)]也均少于TH组;神经源性肿瘤切除手术时间[(112.3±48.8)min vs(135.3±60.8)min]、术中出血量[(94.0±82.5)mL vs(398.7±202.2)mL]、术后第1日胸管引流量[(110.5±80.6)mL vs(160.8±110.7)mL]、术后胸腔引流时间[(3.5±0.8)d vs(4.3±1.9)d]、术后住院时间[(4.7±2.4)d vs(6.5±1.8)d]、术后24 h VAS评分[(2.7±0.5)vs(4.6±0.9)]仍均少于TH组。结论 VATS治疗纵隔肿瘤,在术后复发率方面与开胸手术无差别,在术中及术后一般情况评价优于常规开胸。     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌30例

目的：探讨基层医院开展全胸腔镜(c-VATS)肺叶切除术的可行性,总结其在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2014年2月至2016年3月我院心胸外科收治的62例非小细胞肺癌行肺叶切除术患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为观察组30例和对照组32例,观察组患者采取全胸腔镜手术,对照组患者采取传统开胸手术,比较两组患者的术中及术后相关指标。结果所有患者均手术顺利,术中及术后无一例死亡。两组患者在平均术中出血量[(208.43±59.65) mL vs (271.62±87.30) mL]、术后第1天胸管引流量[(294.77±31.46) mL vs (351.39±29.71) mL]、术后胸管留置时间[(3.27±1.46) d vs (6.44±1.59) d]、术后住院时间[(7.53±2.35) d vs (12.41±2.46) d]、术后疼痛评分[(3.4±1.1)分vs (7.2±0.9)分]和术后并发症发生率[6.7%(2/30) vs 28.5%(9/32)]等方面比较,观察组优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而平均手术时间[(159.62±43.10) min vs (147.54±50.76) min]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全胸腔镜肺叶切除术是治疗非小细胞肺癌的重要方法,在基层医院开展此项技术切实可行。     

胸腔镜辅助腋下小切口治疗原发性肺癌

目的：探讨胸腔镜辅助下做腋下小切口治疗原发性肺癌的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2005年11月～2010年11月我院胸外科在胸腔镜辅助下做腋下小切口根治性肺叶切除术治疗的80例早期原发性肺癌患者（甲组）,同期100例传统开胸手术的原发性肺癌患者（乙组）,记录两组手术操作时间、术中淋巴结清扫数目、术后胸导管引流时间、平均住院时间、术中出血量和两组肺叶切除情况并进行比较。结果：180例患者均顺利完成肺叶切除术,两组肺叶切除情况、手术操作时间和术中淋巴结清扫数目比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。甲组术后胸腔引流时间[（3.01±0.51）d]、平均住院时间[（10.06±0.96）d]、术中出血量[（190.00±10.67）ml]均小于乙组的胸腔引流时间[（6.50±2.67）d]、平均住院时间[（16.97±2.58）d]、术中出血量[（298.00±30.14）ml],两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论：胸腔镜辅助腋下小切口治疗原发性肺癌较常规开胸手术具有简单、操作快、出血少、创伤小、患者疼痛较轻、术后伤口较小、术后恢复快等优势,可同时用于诊断和治疗,值得临床应用与推广。     

胸腔镜与开胸手术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的通过比较胸腔镜与开胸手术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效,回顾性分析胸腔镜在早期非小细胞肺癌手术治疗中的优势。方法纳入2008年3月~2015年10月早期非小细胞肺癌患者208例,按手术方法不同将其分为胸腔镜手术组104例与开胸手术组104例。开胸手术组患者行开胸手术(或胸腔镜辅助小切口,约12 cm);胸腔镜手术组患者行完全胸腔镜手术,对比两组患者手术出血量、淋巴结清扫总数、术后引流量、引流管留置时间、VAS评分、住院时间、并发症发生率。结果胸腔镜手术组并发症发生率11.54%,明显低于开胸手术组的25.96%。胸腔镜手术组手术出血量、术后引流量、引流管留置时间、VAS评分、住院时间分别为(78.47±14.29)m L、(167.64±14.34)m L、(2.64±0.34)d、(3.47±0.29)分和(7.87±1.19)d;开胸手术组分别为(192.89±13.62)m L、(273.45±93.839)m L、(4.45±1.83)d、(7.89±0.62)分、(14.95±3.36)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者淋巴结清扫总数,胸腔镜手术组为(15.64±4.34)个,开胸手术组为(15.45±3.83)个,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸腔镜与开胸手术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效确切,均可有效清扫淋巴结,但胸腔镜手术有微创性,更安全,可减少术中出血和术后并发症,减轻患者痛苦,缩短术后引流时间和康复时间,值得推广。     

两种肺癌术式对比应用研究

目的探讨常规肺癌手术的最佳胸部切口方式。方法对自2006年1月～2007年1月期间农垦三亚医院肺癌手术患者112例的临床资料进行回顾性分析，根据手术切口分为前外侧切口（A）组与后外侧切口（B）组，比较两组术式的手术效果。结果A组病人平均开胸时间（12．1±3．8）min，平均关胸时问（19．5±2．2）min，分剐较B组缩短约8min和7min（P〈0.05）；A组病人术后病人疼痛VAS评分5．5±3．1，明显低于B组病人（P〈0．05）；A组病人术侧肩关节乃至上肢活动基本不受影响，B组病人术后肩关节活动受阻明显。而手术时间、术中出血、术后胸腔引流量、伤口感染、术后住院时间等方面两者无明显差别（P〉0．05）。结论胸部前外侧切口在常规的肺癌手术中较传统的后外侧切口优越，是一种比较理想的入路方式，是微创手术概念的延伸。     

西宁地区腋下小切口在肺叶切除术中的应用

目的:探讨西宁地区(海拔2 260m)采取腋下小切口行肺叶切除术的可行性. 方法:腋下小切口(腋后线至腋前线)第4或第5肋间进胸,行肺叶切除92例. 结果:皮切口平均长度为(8.9±0.97)cm,完成各类肺叶切除术92例.无一例术后死亡.术中平均开胸时间(15±3)min,关胸时间(20±6)min,术后平均胸液引流量(110±82)mL,术后平均住院时间(7.2±2.3)d,平均术后输血量(160±24)mL,切口无感染. 结论:此切口行肺叶切除安全可靠,具有创伤小,开关胸容易,出血少,对病人精神打击小,术后恢复快,美观经济,负担轻等特点.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.