植物药材道地性的分子机制研究与应用

道地药材生产是药用植物研究的核心内容。植物药材道地性是由其特定的次生物质形成与积累所引起的。次生产物产生和积累的关键酶基因是药用植物道地性形成的分子内因,诱导这些基因表达的生态环境和栽培措施是道地药材形成的外因。在药用植物道地性相关酶基因克隆的基础上,药用植物的细胞培养、毛状根培养和遗传改良等基因工程和道地药材的分子鉴定,在药用植物道地性品质的栽培调控方面将展现良好的前景。     

基于鲜药材的中药现代炮制技术

通过对植物药材中目标成分次生代谢积累过程的研究确定药材最佳采收期及采收部位,以及通过对影响并降解次生代谢产物的微生物和酶的研究确定鲜药材的前处理加工方法,并探索性提出运用代谢理论创新基于鲜药材的中药炮制思路。     

中药材道地性研究状况与趋势

文章从我国古代对道地药材与环境相关性的认识、道地药材与环境相关性的现代认识、生态因子对道地药材品质形成的影响、生态环境对道地药材性状的影响等四个方面,回顾了中药材道地性的研究现状,提出了中药材道地性研究的不足.并展望了中药材道地性研究的发展趋势.认为学科交叉、技术综合已成为中药道地性研究的主要手段.中药材与环境关系的定量化研究是中药道地性研究的趋势之一.     

植物药材次生代谢产物的积累与环境的关系

许多植物药的活性成分是其所含的次生代谢物质,人工种植时其产量取决于初生产物的积累,质量取决于次生产物的积累。药材质量及有效性的基础是植物的次生代谢。次生代谢物质的产生是发育程度、组织分化及外界刺激因素通过影响生物合成基因表达而控制。对次生代谢产物在植株体内形成和积累的诱导有不同的诱导机制假说。但都认为环境胁迫时,次生代谢产物数量增加。次生代谢产物积累与生长环境条件需求方面存在矛盾,是药用植物种植的难题。     

低钾胁迫对苍术生长发育及挥发油的影响

目的探讨低钾胁迫对苍术生长发育及其挥发油成分的影响,揭示低钾环境与苍术道地性形成的关系。方法通过苍术植株不同程度低钾胁迫受控实验,分析测定其生物量及植株全钾、可溶性蛋白、总挥发油量的变化,并采用GC-MS分离鉴定挥发油中各组分,使用SPSS分析软件进行统计。结果除根长外,低钾胁迫组的株高、根茎粗、叶片数、分枝数、须根数、地上鲜质量与干质量、地下鲜质量与干质量等指标均较正常组显著降低(P<0.05);植株全钾与可溶性蛋白质的量随培养液供钾水平的提高而升高;低钾胁迫组挥发油组分显示出质量分数较大的组分数目显著增多、各组分的量趋于均衡、茅术醇与β-桉油醇2个主要成分的量显著下降(P<0.05)。结论适度低钾胁迫导致的苍术挥发油组分变化与道地药材苍术的挥发油特征相符,低钾胁迫应是苍术药材道地性形成的重要逆境因子之一。     

转录调控因子在中药次生代谢调控中的研究进展

许多中药的有效成分为植物次生代谢产物,具有重要的药用价值。但次生代谢的产物的量往往很低。转录调控因子可调控多个参与代谢途径基因的表达。采用基因工程的方法调控转录因子,往往可导致植物中该转录因子所控制性状的较大改变,从而提高中药中有效成分的量,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基因调控技术提高药用植物细胞有效成分产量的研究进展

利用植物细胞培养技术生产具有重要经济价值的药用植物次生代谢产物为中药可持续发展提供了一条新的途径。然而,药用植物细胞培养过程中目的次生代谢产物的低产问题一直困扰着该技术的发展与应用,传统的克服这一问题的方法主要有优化培养条件、筛选高产细胞株等,大量的研究结果表明,通过上述途径无法从根本上解决植物细胞次生代谢产物的低产问题。近年来,随着基因工程等现代生物技术的发展,人们尝试利用基因调控手段来调节植物细胞的次生代谢,如采用关键酶基因调控技术、转录因子调控技术等从分子水平上解决药用植物细胞次生代谢产物的低产…     

bZIP转录因子的生物学功能及其在中药材品质改良中的应用前景

植物来源中药材的品质与药用植物的生长及次生代谢密切相关。bZIP转录因子作为基因表达的关键调控因子,在植物生长发育、生物及非生物胁迫应答、次生代谢过程中发挥重要作用,对提高药用植物抗性、促进有效成分积累具有重要意义和价值。已证实通过调控bZIP转录因子的表达可有效提高青蒿、人参、丹参等中药材的品质。在阐明bZIP转录因子生物学功能的基础上,探讨其对药用植物品质(形态特征、抗逆反应、次生代谢)的影响,展望其在中药材品质改良中的应用前景,为深入探究bZIP转录因子在药用植物生长发育及有效成分积累中的作用提供参考,为优质中药材的培育和生产提供依据。     

宏基因组学与道地药材研究

宏基因组学是将分子生物学技术应用于微生物基因总和研究的一门新兴学科,现已广泛应用于医药、农业、海洋生态环境、土壤生态环境等领域。道地药材凭借其质优、疗效好的优势自古以来被各医家所青睐,其形成与诸多因素有关,其中根际微环境在药用植物次生代谢产物形成中起着重要作用。着重介绍宏基因组学的概念、技术策略以及其在道地药材研究中的应用现状,进一步阐明土壤微生物对道地药材形成机制的影响,并为解决药用植物连作障碍提出新的研究思路。     

氧化应激与内皮祖细胞

活性氧族（reactive oxygen species,ROS）是含氧并具有高反应活性的一类自由基或分子,广泛参与细胞信号调节、代谢、生存和凋亡。在正常情况下,活性氧族通过对血管固有细胞的功能调节,在血管生理中发挥作用,但ROS的过度产生会导致氧化应激,引起血管内皮功能障碍,促进心血管疾病的发生发展。越来越多的证据表明活性氧族（ROS）在诸如高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、缺血性心脏病、     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.