基于人工鱼群算法的混杂FMS优化调度

针对已有的调度方法难以找到混杂柔性制造系统调度全局最优解的问题,根据一阶混杂Petri网模型提出了一种基于人工鱼群算法的混杂柔性制造系统调度方法.利用混杂Petri网不变行为状态序列与时间序列的对应关系把寻找最优解转换成寻找最优时间序列.首先给出了合法时间序列的定义及其基于人工鱼群算法的判定方法;然后给出了最优时间序列求解的人工鱼群算法,同时提出基于最优解视野变异的人工鱼群算法以解决多次优化过程中只会得到某个局部最优解的问题.最后基于这些算法给出混杂柔性制造系统的最优调度求解方法.实验结果表明所提出方法正确有效.     

基于Petri网与GA算法的FMS调度优化

提出了一种应用遗传算法解决柔性制造系统调度优化问题的新方法．首先用Petri网对柔性制造系统进行建模,然后应用遗传算法对该模型进行调度并获取近似最优解．在该算法中,用Petri网模型的激发序列作为染色体,采用期望值方法作为选择算子,总加工时间作为适应度函数,两点交叉法作为交叉算子,交叉点选择能到达相同标记的转移．对于变异算子,首先从染色体上随机选择一点作为变异点,然后从这点开始应用变异算法,该变异算法类似于Petri网的可达树算法．由于算法中的选择、交叉和变异算子都是对．Petri网模型中的元素进行操作,与问题空间中的元素无关,因此,与其它调度算法相比,它有较高的通用性．既可以处理典型的Job—Shop问题,也可以处理小批量、多品种的FMS(Flexible Manufacturing System)调度问题．文中通过实验验证了算法的有效性。     

柔性制造系统实时调度的有色Petri网和状态方程模型

柔性制造系统(FMS)的实时调度问题是一个典型的并发系统(CA),亦称为离散事件动态系统(DEDS).这是一类很复杂的动态系统,本文尝试用Petri网和有色Petri网对FMS的实时调度问题建立动态模型并同时给出了代数形式的状态方程模型.     

基于Petri网的柔性制造系统调度控制模型

给出了自顶向下构造柔性制造系统(FMS)Petri网模型的方法,提出了随机创建指定数目满足指定条件的测试模型的算法,并给出程序仿真运行的演算规则。在此基础上实现了基于Petri网FMS分析与调度仿真软件平台,该平台可配置性强,容易维护,降低了柔性制造系统方针研究的复杂性。最后给出了该模型实现的模块结构。     

UML-OOPN集成建模方法及其在柔性制造系统的应用

针对柔性制造系统FMS(Flexible manufacturing system)建模特点,提出了UML-OOPN集成建模方法。该方法是用UML(the Unified Modeling Language)建立柔性制造系统FMS(Flexible manufacturing system)模型,然后将该模型映射为面向对象Petri网OOPN(Object-Oriented Petri Nets)网模型,通过Petri网模型的分析和仿真,其结果可用于修正和改进模型设计。     

基于Petri网的柔性制造系统无死锁遗传调度算法

对以最小化加工时间为目标的柔性制造系统无死锁调度问题, 提出了一种遗传调度算法. 算法考虑到同类工件具有预先确定的相同加工路径, 而各工序的处理时间与工件有关. 用Petri网对工序和资源分配进行逻辑建模,利用遗传算法, 采用工序自然编码方式, 基于系统的最佳避免死锁Petri网控制器, 检测染色体的可行性, 修复不可行染色体使其对应的调度满足资源约束和无死锁控制约束, 从而保证算法所利用的所有染色体都对应系统的可行调度. 仿真结果表明了算法的可行性和有效性.     

整合Petri网和蚁群优化算法用于柔性制造系统调度优化研究

以Petri网与蚁群优化算法相结合，求解柔性制造系统的调度问题，取得了明显的优化效果。以一个典型算例的调度优化为例，证明了算法的有效性。     

基于HCTC_Ptri网的机场主要资源调度模型

针对多跑道机场主要资源调度问题,结合层次Petri网、有色Petri网、时延Petri网和受控Petri网理论,构建一种面向机场主要资源调度的混合Petri网——HCTC_Petri (hierarchical colored timed controlled Petri)网模型.通过设置合理的控制策略、动态调节模型参数,提高运行结果的稳定性.以多个新的航班时刻表为基础,预测机场的资源调度情况.实验结果表明,HCTC_Petri网模型在模拟机场主要资源调度时具有较高的准确性和稳定性,且中转航班进站前的延误总时间和总架次对过站后的延误情况影响较大.     

柔性制造系统中生产调度问题的零压缩二叉决策图算法

针对赋时有界Petri网模型下柔性制造系统的生产调度问题,给出了有界Petri网的零压缩二叉决策图表示方法,进而建立了此类生产调度问题求解的符号零压缩二叉决策图算法.该算法在求解过程中对状态空间及其搜索过程中的相关数据,采用零压缩二叉决策图表示,避免了状态和搜索的显式枚举,实现了隐式高效操作,有效地改善了算法的计算性能.实验结果表明了算法的有效性.     

Petri网共享子网合成及其在系统设计中的应用

针对柔性制造系统的设计和分析,提出了经由Petri网共享子网构成合成网的解决方案;研究了Petri网共享子网合成的动态性质保持问题,给出了合成网保持活性、有界性的一组充分条件;对一个柔性制造系统进行了设计和分析。本文的结果可为Petri网系统静态和动态性质的考察提供有效途径,为Petri网复杂大系统的分析提供重要手段,并特别适合于柔性制造系统的设计,具有一定的实用价值。     

Optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors for automated manufacturing systems

Deadlock avoidance problems are investigated for automated manufacturing systems with flexible routings. Based on the Petri net models of the systems, this paper proposes, for the first time, the concept of perfect maximal resourcetransition circuits and their saturated states. The concept facilities the development of system liveness characterization and deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors. Deadlock is characterized as some perfect maximal resource-transition circuits reach their saturated states. For a large class of manufacturing systems, which do not contain center resources, the optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors are presented. For an general manufacturing system, a method is proposed for reducing the system Petri net model so that the reduced model does not contain center resources and, hence, has optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisor. The controlled reduced Petri net model can then be used as the liveness supervisor of the system.     

Optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors for automated manufacturing systems

Deadlock avoidance problems are investigated for automated manufacturing systems with flexible routings. Based on the Petri net models of the systems, this paper proposes, for the first time, the concept of perfect maximal resource-transition circuits and their saturated states. The concept facilitates the development of system liveness characterization and deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors. Deadlock is characterized as some perfect maximal resource-transition circuits reaching their saturated states. For a large class of manufacturing systems, which do not contain center resources, the optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisors are presented. For a general manufacturing system, a method is proposed for reducing the system Petri net model so that the reduced model does not contain center resources and, hence, has optimal deadlock avoidance Petri net supervisor. The controlled reduced Petri net model can then be used as the liveness supervisor of the system.     

基于平行Petri网的制造系统调度与控制一体化方法

为了消除制造系统调度层与控制层之间的隔阂,实现对生产事件快速灵活响应,本文提出了一种调度与控制一体化的方法.首先,定义了一种新型Petri网模型,即平行Petri网,从而集成地描述了传感器、执行器、任务和资源信息,构建制造系统的信息物理系统模型;其次,提出了一种从平行Petri网到赋时Petri网的抽象简化方法,大规模压缩优化调度所需搜索的状态空间;再次,定义了策略Petri网以描述最优调度策略.最后,给出了平行Petri网与策略Petri网同步执行算法,使得平行Petri网与物理系统同步执行.     

Synthesis a Petri net based control model for a FMS cell

Petri nets have been recognised as a high level formal and graphical specification language for modelling, analysis, and control of concurrent asynchronous distributed systems. This paper presents a PN model, synthesised by an extended version of the knitting synthesis technique. This method, as an incremental design approach, establishes the conditions under which the fundamental behavioural properties of the synthesised systems are fulfilled and preserved. That is, the synthesised models are live, bounded, and reversible (cyclic). A Petri net with the aforementioned properties is called a well-behaved Petri net system which is guaranteed to operate in a deadlock-free, stable, and cyclic fashion. Well-behaved Petri net models, synthesised using the proposed method can be compiled into control codes and implemented as real-time controllers for flexible manufacturing systems. The significance of this paper is due to the application of an extended version of knitting synthesis technique to a real life example of a flexible manufacturing system.     

On systematic methods to remove redundant monitors from liveness-enforcing net supervisors

Petri nets based deadlock prevention for flexible manufacturing systems has received much attention over the past decade, primarily due to the seminal work of Ezpeleta et al. in 1995. A Petri net based deadlock prevention mechanism is usually implemented by adding monitors or control places to a plant Petri net model such that liveness can be enforced. The significance of this methodology lies in that both a plant model and its supervisor are in a same formalism-Petri nets. Due to the inherent complexity of Petri nets, in theory, the number of additional monitors that have to been added to achieve liveness-enforcement purpose for an uncontrolled plant model is exponential with respect to the size of the model. This paper first proposes a systematic method to minimize the number of additional monitors in a liveness-enforcing Petri net supervisor such that the resultant net system has the same permissive behavior while liveness can still be preserved. Furthermore, for the liveness-enforcing Petri net supervisors of flexible manufacturing systems, which have some particular property, an algorithm is developed such that more permissive liveness-enforcing Petri net supervisors can be obtained after liveness-restrictive monitor removal. Compared with the existing techniques of eliminating redundant monitors in the literature, the complete state enumeration of a supervisor is avoided, which implies the high computational efficiency of the methods in this paper. Flexible manufacturing examples are used to demonstrate the proposed approaches.     

一类FMS的最佳活Petri网模型的综合

利用Petri网为一类柔性制造系统建模,并讨论避免系统死锁问题.通过Petri网模 型的结构分析,证明了系统产生死锁的一个充分必要条件.给出了避免死锁的最佳控制器,它 可以通过给系统的Petri网模型增加一些新的位置与相应的弧来实现.从而导出了这类制造 系统的最佳活Petri网模型.     

A deadlock prevention approach for flexible manufacturing systems with uncontrollable transitions in their Petri net models

Deadlocks are a highly undesired situation in a fully automated flexible manufacturing system, whose occurrences are tied to the existence of shared resources that are competed by different production processes. In the last two decades, a fair amount of research has been done on deadlock analysis and control for flexible manufacturing systems, leading to a variety of strategies in the literature. Petri nets are a promising mathematical tool to handle deadlock problems in flexible manufacturing systems. However, most deadlock control policies based on a Petri net formalism assume that all the transitions in a plant model are controllable. However, uncontrollability of events are a natural feature in a real‐world production system. This paper proposes a deadlock prevention policy for a class of Petri nets by considering the existence of uncontrollable transitions. Deadlocks are prevented by adding monitors to a plant Petri net model, whose addition does not inhibit the firings of uncontrollable transitions. Linear programming techniques are employed to find transitions to which a monitor points in order that a more permissive liveness‐enforcing Petri net supervisor can be found. A number of manufacturing examples are used to demonstrate the proposed methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Modeling of reconfigurable manufacturing systems based on colored timed object-oriented Petri nets

To cope with the rapid change in manufacturing market requirements, reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) with the feature of reconfigurability, have to be developed. A model that describes the reconfiguring process of a manufacturing system is developed by applying colored timed object-oriented Petri nets. Based on the main difference between configurations of RMSs and flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs), a modular hierarchical structure of RMS is developed. By the object-oriented method, all the object classes in the RMS model are identified. A macro-place is used to model the aggregation of many processes and a macro-transition is used to link all the related macro-places. Macro-places and macro-transitions are connected with arcs to form a Petri net named a macro-level Petri net so that the control logic of RMS is represented. The macro-level Petri net is refined by hierarchical steps, each step describing these macro-places by more detailed sub macro-places until all the macro-places cannot be divided. Then the characteristics of material flow and time constraints in RMS are modeled by applying colored tokens and associated time-delay attributes. This model integrates object-oriented methods, stepwise refinement ideas and Petri nets together. The RMS activities can be encapsulated and modularized by the proposed method, so that RMS can be easily constructed and investigated by the system developers.     

基于变迁覆盖的制造系统死锁控制策略

基于系统Petri网模型,研究柔性制造系统的死锁控制问题.论文利用变迁覆盖为系统设计活性控制器.变迁覆盖是由一组极大完备资源变迁回路组成的集合,其变迁集覆盖了Petri网中所有极大完备资源变迁回路的变迁集.验证变迁覆盖的有效性,然后仅对有效变迁覆盖中的极大完备资源变迁回路添加控制位置,就得到系统的活性受控Petri网.这种受控Petri网包含的控制位置个数少,从而结构相对简单.最后通过一个例子说明了所提出的死锁控制策略的构成与特点.     

自动制造系统Petri网的公平活性控制策略

基于Petri网的不变式理论,针对典型的自动制造系统,提出了Petri模型强制公平性 和活性的方法.首先,基于网论T-不变式的概念,把系统的网模型设计为一个公平网.此后,利 用P-不变式把一个公平网设计为一个活的且公平网.同时,提出了非冗余严格极小信标的概念, 大大简化了系统的分析与设计.一般说来,非冗余严格极小信标是系统严格极小信标一个小的 子集,尤其对于复杂系统的网模型.研究结果表明,只要使非冗余的严格极小信标受控,则系统 所有的严格极小信标就不会被清空.文中举例说明了这些控制方法的应用.研究结果适用于一 大类柔性制造系统,具有相当的普遍性.这种方法对于自动制造系统的调度设计也具有一定意义 和价值.