改性胺微胶囊固化剂制备工艺的优化与性能

以改性胺1618固化剂为囊芯、脲醛树脂为壁材单体,采用界面聚合技术,成功制备了一种新型聚脲改性胺微胶囊固化剂。通过正交设计试验,考察了芯壁质量比、乳化剂种类和质量分数及搅拌速率对微胶囊包覆率、粒径大小及分布情况的影响,并确定了最佳制备工艺条件。采用马尔文激光粒度仪、扫描电镜对微胶囊粒径大小、分布情况及表面形貌进行表征,采用热重分析仪及傅里叶变换红外光谱对其化学结构进行表征,通过拉伸试验对自修复材料的断裂力学性能进行研究。结果表明,该微胶囊含有固化剂芯材,其热稳定温度为198 °C,当芯壁质量比为0.7∶1、乳化剂为阿拉伯胶、乳化剂质量分数为1.5%、搅拌速率为800 r/min时,所制备的微胶囊包覆率达到79.8%,平均粒径为207.5 nm,呈规则的球形,分散性及表面致密性好。当基体材料中加入质量分数为1%的微胶囊后,拉伸强度提高64%,弹性模量提高287%。     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠自组装微囊的制备及表征

目的:研究层层自组装方法制备壳聚糖/海藻酸钠微胶囊并对其表征。方法:分别以壳聚糖(CS)和海藻酸钠(ALG)为阳离子组分和阴离子组分,采用层层自组装技术在碳酸钙(CaCO3)微球模板上交替自组装,制备核/壳结构微胶囊,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、粒径分析仪、Zeta电位仪、热重分析(TGA)等分析手段对制备的微囊进行表征。结果:利用含有羧甲基纤维素纳(CMC)的CaCO3微球作为模板制备得到微胶囊,SEM及粒径分析仪表征结果表明得到了表面光滑、粒径均一(2～5μm)的微胶囊,TGA结果显示CaCO3微球中CMC失重质量为5.26%,ζ-电位的变化揭示了CS和ALG在CaCO3微球上的层层增长。结论:制备的微囊圆整且粒径均一,为微囊作为给药载体提供了基础。     

离子凝胶法制备壳聚糖载药微囊

目的:采用离子凝胶法,建立制备壳聚糖载药微囊的方法,探讨最佳制备条件,考察药物电荷情况对微囊包封率的影响.方法:以三聚磷酸钠(TPP)为交联剂、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,以微囊包封率为优化指标,通过正交实验探索微囊最佳制备工艺;再分别以BSA(带负电)和异烟肼(带正电)为模型药物按照最佳工艺制备微囊,并比较两种微囊包封率.结果:最佳制备条件为:壳聚糖/TPP(w/w)3.75:1、pH值5.0、TPP滴加速度20滴/min、搅拌速度200 r/mim.带有负电荷的药物(BSA)微囊包封率明显高于带有正电荷的药物(异烟肼)微囊(P＜0.001).结论:离子凝胶法制备微囊方法简单,条件温和,比较适合用于带有负电荷药物微囊的制备.     

农药缓释剂的研究—Ⅰ

本文首次将中西除虫菊酯用于控制释放,制备了以聚氨酯和聚脲为壁膜的微胶囊型缓释剂和以聚甲基丙烯酸酯为载体的整体型缓释剂(薄膜缓释剂)。分别用测残留量法和生物鉴定法测定了两种剂型缓释剂的农药释发速度,证明了它们的长效性和实用性。微胶囊型缓释剂的释放速度为常数,满足封闭—渗透释放机理;整体型缓释剂的农药释放速度在释放初期很快,然后变慢,满足扩散—溶质释放机理。     

纯化海藻酸钠在间充质干细胞微囊化中的应用

目的 应用纯化海藻酸钠(PSA)制备间充质干细胞(MSCs)的微胶囊.方法 制备MSCs细胞悬液,MTT法分别测定PSA或海藻酸钠(SA)处理对MSCs增殖的影响.分别以PSA和SA为囊材,制备MSCs的海藻酸钠-聚赖氨酸微囊.倒置显微镜下观察微囊形态;以微胶囊破损率为指标考察其机械强度;EB/Calcein-AM染色并于荧光显微镜下分析微囊化细胞存活率.SD大鼠体内移植试验对比不同回收时间点两种微囊的完整性和囊周纤维化程度.结果 MTT法测定结果显示,PSA处理组MSCs的吸光度值明显高于SA处理组.与SA制备的微囊比较,PSA制备的微囊粒径均匀,微囊膜破损率较低,不同时间点的细胞存活率回升明显.SD大鼠体内移植试验显示,SA组回收微囊约25%破损,而PSA组回收微囊的破损率＜10%.同时,PSA组囊周纤维化程度低于SA组.结论 PSA可应用于MSCs的微囊化中,其具有机械强度高及生物相容性好的优点.     

壳聚糖-吲哚美辛缓释微囊的制备工艺及微囊的性能

目的 研究以壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶为囊材，将吲哚美辛微囊化的制备工艺。方法 以微囊的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标，利用复凝聚法，通过正交实验得出微囊的最佳制备工艺条件。结果 壳聚糖浓度为0．4％、成囊pH为3．0、搅拌速度为200r／min、成囊温度为60C为最佳工艺条件。红外与紫外光谱分析表明在成囊过程中吲哚美辛与壳聚糖发生共价结合。结论 以最佳制备工艺条件制备含药微囊，重现性好，工艺稳定，同时体外溶出实验表明，该微囊具有较好的缓释作用。     

花椒油的超临界CO2萃取与微胶囊的直接制备

研究了超临界CO2萃取花椒油,并直接采用同轴喷嘴喷雾干燥制备微胶囊。考察了相同的萃取压力、温度、时间和壁材浓度下,壁材流量、CO2流量和干燥温度对包埋率的影响,对不同干燥条件下获得的微胶囊形态的电镜扫描结果进行了比较。结果表明:花椒油微胶囊制备的最佳工艺条件为:壁材进样量为1mL/min,CO2气体流量为2 L/min,进风温度为80℃。在此基础上得到的微胶囊包埋率达57.8%,相对包埋率达77.4%。     

混合交联剂制备海藻酸盐微囊及其性能研究

目的以氯化钙和氯化钡混合盐溶液为交联剂,制备海藻酸盐微囊并考察其性能。方法采用高压静电法制备胶珠,以几丁聚糖为膜材制备微胶囊,考察了海藻酸盐胶珠和微囊的形态、粒径分布、膨胀率、振荡破损率及膜蛋白渗透性。结果以［Ba2＋］∶［Ca2＋］为7∶3作为混合交联剂制备的微囊粒径最小为309μm,膨胀率最小为147%,振荡破损率为26%。各组微囊膜厚度均小于20μm。两种蛋白渗透曲线表明,胰蛋白酶能渗透进入各组微囊膜,而牛血清清蛋白则不能进入微囊。结论混合交联剂制备的微囊粒径分布较均一,膜强度较高,可广泛应用于各种生物活性物质如蛋白、细胞等的包埋。     

纯化海藻酸钠在间充质干细胞微囊化中的应用

目的应用纯化海藻酸钠(PSA)制备间充质干细胞(MSCs)的微胶囊。方法制备MSCs细胞悬液,MTT法分别测定PSA或海藻酸钠(SA)处理对MSCs增殖的影响。分别以PSA和SA为囊材,制备MSCs的海藻酸钠-聚赖氨酸微囊。倒置显微镜下观察微囊形态;以微胶囊破损率为指标考察其机械强度;EB/Calcein-AM染色并于荧光显微镜下分析微囊化细胞存活率。SD大鼠体内移植试验对比不同回收时间点两种微囊的完整性和囊周纤维化程度。结果MTT法测定结果显示,PSA处理组MSCs的吸光度值明显高于SA处理组。与SA制备的微囊比较,PSA制备的微囊粒径均匀,微囊膜破损率较低,不同时间点的细胞存活率回升明显。SD大鼠体内移植试验显示,SA组回收微囊约25%破损,而PSA组回收微囊的破损率<10%。同时,PSA组囊周纤维化程度低于SA组。结论PSA可应用于MSCs的微囊化中,其具有机械强度高及生物相容性好的优点。     

具有薄荷香味的相变微胶囊的制备与表征

利用界面聚合法,以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与己二胺为单体聚合形成的聚脲为外壳,以正十八烷、薄荷素油的混合物为芯材,制备了具有薄荷香味的相变微胶囊。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪等对微胶囊的形貌、化学结构和热性能进行了表征。结果表明：制备的微胶囊为球形,平均粒径约7.0 μm,有较高的储热能力和较好的热稳定性;芯材中添加8.3%的正十四醇或高熔点石蜡,可很好地抑制相变微胶囊的过冷现象。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.