碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚的断裂韧性研究

本文通过双悬臂梁（ＤＣＢ）实验和末端缺口三点弯曲（ＥＮＦ）实验，研究了碳纤维增强国产聚苯硫醚复合材料的断裂韧性，着重考察了ＣＦ／ＰＰＳ的ＧＩｃ，ＧⅡｃ在不同热处理条件下的变化情况，并对其机理作了分析。研究结果，对合理作用ＣＦ／ＰＰＳ复合材料和充分发挥其作用是很有实际意义的。     

冷却速度对PP和GF／PP结晶形态的影响

本文用偏光显微镜和ＤＳＣ分别研究了ＰＰ（聚丙烯）和ＧＦ／ＰＰ（玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯）在不同冷却速度下的结晶形态，揭示了冷却速度和加入ＧＦ对ＰＰ结晶形态的影响。     

熔融法制备PP／SBS合金相容剂PP－g－PS

研究了在熔融状态下，苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）与聚丙烯（ＰＰ）的接枝共聚反应。此反应在密炼机中进行。由红外光谱确认聚丙烯接枝苯乙烯（ＰＰ－ｇ－ＰＳ）的生成。以二甲苯作溶剂，甲乙酮作沉淀剂，用溶解－沉淀法测定接校率。通过差示扫描量热计（ＤＳＣ）测定结晶温度（Ｔｃ）和结晶度。将所制备的ＰＰ－ｇ－ＰＳ接枝共聚物掺混进ＰＰ／ＳＢＳ合金中，在ＰＰ／ＳＢＳ／ＰＰ－ｇ－ＰＳ（８０：１０：１０）的配比下进行共混，结果表明其在室温和－２５℃之下的冲击强度均比ＰＰ／ＳＢＳ有明显的提高。通过动态力学测试表明接枝共聚物提高了ＰＰ与ＳＢＳ的相容性。     

PP/Mg(OH)_2阻燃复合材料流变行为的研究

用日本岛津ＡＧ－２０００型毛细管流变仪，在几个温度下，研究了ＰＰ和ＰＰ／Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２阻燃复合材料的流变行为。研究结果表明：ＰＰ／Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２阻燃复合材料熔体流变行为同ＰＰ一样，仍属于非牛顿型假塑性行为；在２００℃温度，相同剪切速率下，ＰＰ和ＰＰ／Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２阻燃复合材料的粘流活化能十分接近，１０３Ｓ－１剪切速率下，ＰＰ／Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２阻燃复合材料熔体粘流活化能为３．７１４Ｋｃａｌ／ｍｏｌ，与ＰＰ相差只有０．０３７Ｋｋｃａ／ｍｏｌ，挤出胀大比为１．２９，低于ＰＰ。     

PP/EPDM/玻璃微珠复合材料动态力学性能的研究

应用动态力学分析仪,考察了玻璃微珠表面处理及其体积分数对ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／玻璃微珠复合材料动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／用硅烷偶联剂ＣＰ０３作表面处理的玻璃微珠（Ｂ１）和ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／未作表面处理的玻璃微珠（Ｂ２）复合材料的储能模量Ｅｃ′和损耗模量Ｅｃ″均随玻璃微珠体积分数φｇ的增大而呈非线性的增大;在相同条件下,ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／Ｂ１复合材料的Ｅｃ′值大于ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／Ｂ２复合材料,而两复合材料的Ｅｃ″值相近;随着φｇ的增大,ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／Ｂ１复合材料的损耗因子ｔａｎδ减小,ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／Ｂ２复合材料的ｔａｎδ增大;两复合材料的玻璃化转变温度Ｔｇ均呈不规则的变化。     

LARGE SCALE PURIFICATION OF PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE（PGK） AND GLYCERALDEHYDE 3－PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE（GAPDH） FROMYELLOW PEAS BY PEG／REPPAL PES AQUEOUS TWO PHASE SYSTEM AND ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

ＬＡＲＧＥＳＣＡＬＥＰＵＲＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＰＨＯＳＰＨＯＧＬＹＣＥＲＡＴＥＫＩＮＡＳＥ（ＰＧＫ）ＡＮＤＧＬＹＣＥＲＡＬＤＥＨＹＤＥ３－ＰＨＯＳＰＨＡＴＥＤＥＨＹＤＲＯＧＥＮＡＳＥ（ＧＡＰＤＨ）ＦＲＯＭＹＥＬＬＯＷＰＥＡＳＢＹＰＥＧ／ＲＥＰＰＡＬ...     

热塑性复合材料断裂韧性研究

本文采用ＤＣＢ的ＥＮＦ试验测试了ＰＰＳ／Ｔ３００复合材料的层间断裂韧性，研究了热塑性复合材料的断裂机理，并与热固性复材料作了比较。     

温度对橡胶制品疲劳龟裂的影响

不同温度下的疲劳实验对于确定橡胶制品是否适用于整个使用范围有着重要的作用。特别是对较高玻璃化温度（Ｔｇ＞－５０℃）的橡胶是否可用于轮胎尤其如此。实验表明：在－２５～１００℃的温度范围内，两种较高Ｔｇ橡胶，即氯醚橡胶（ＥＣＯ）和高苯乙烯丁苯橡胶（ＨＳ－ＳＢＲ）的疲劳裂纹增长（ＦＣＧ）速率大约是溴化丁基橡胶（ＢＩＩＲ）的１００倍。ＢＩＩＲ和ＮＲ的实验结果还表明，在不同应力下、温度范围为－２５～１００℃时的裂纹增长遵循相似的疲劳函数（ｄｃ／ｄｎ与Ｔ具有函数关系）。所不同的是由于拉伸结晶而使ＮＲ在０和－２５℃的某些ＦＣＧ受到抑制。这种影响似乎与应变速率、温度和应变大小有关，但这些结果有待ＮＲ和其它一些拉伸结晶弹性体的进一步验证。对于卡车轮胎的带束层隔离胶的硫化胶的实验结果表明，在７０到１００℃的温度范围内ｌｏｇｄｃ／ｄｎ与ｌｏｇＴ成线性关系。但是，相同组成的欠硫样品的ＦＣＧ结果表现出更高的温度敏感性，特别是在低应变水平下其ＦＣＧ速率随温度显著增加，这表明有必要在一系列测试温度下来进一步评价硫化状态对ＦＣＧ的影响。     

汽车水箱面罩用改性聚丙烯的研制

选用聚乙烯、弹性体ＳＢＳ、高分子改性剂ＰＭ和无机填料滑石粉对聚丙烯进行改性，结果表明：聚乙烯、弹性体ＳＢＳ的加入，可提高ＰＰ复合材料的缺口冲击强度。高分子改性剂改善了ＰＰ和滑石粉（ｔａｌｃ）之间的粘合力，无机填料滑石粉可控制ＰＰ复合材料的成型收缩率和密度。对于配比为ＰＰ：ＰＥ：ＳＢＳ：ＰＭ：ｔａｌｃ＝（３０￣７０）：（１０￣２０）：（５￣１０）：５￣１０）：（１０￣３０）的改性聚丙烯，可用于模塑成     

PP／AS／DCP反应共混中SEBS的添加效应

研究了在聚丙烯（ＰＰ）／丙烯腈－苯乙烯共聚物（ＡＳ）／过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）共混物反应挤出过程中添加热塑弹性体氢化（苯乙烯－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚物）（ＳＥＢＳ）对ＰＰ／ＡＳ共混物降解的抑制效果对接枝反应的促进作用。对反应经物中ＰＰ相ＭＦＲ、红外测试及扫描电子显微镜与航向电子显微镜对共混物的观察结果表明,加入ＳＥＢＳ不但可以抑制反应共混中ＰＰ和ＡＳ的降解,而且可以大大促进反应共混中的接枝反应的进行,     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。