尼达尼布有关物质测定方法的建立

摘 要 目的：建立尼达尼布的有关物质测定方法,并进行方法学验证。方法: 采用XBridge RP C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,3.5 μm）,以甲醇-0.1%三氟乙酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为287 nm,柱温为35℃,进样量为10μl。结果: 主成分与各杂质峰分离度良好,杂质1~4分别在0.103 0~1.030 4 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 5）,0.202 9~1.014 5μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）, 0.199 9~0.999 6 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 9）,0.200 6~1.002 9 μg·ml^-1（r=0.998 4）范围内线性关系良好,检测限分别为0.31,0.6,0.60,0.60 ng;平均回收率分别为98.3%、99.3%、97.9%、99.8%,RSD分别为2.1%、2.1%、3.0%、1.1%。结论:该方法简便,准确,灵敏度高,专属性强,适用于本品有关物质的测定。     

HPLC-CAD法同时测定硫酸卡那霉素注射液中卡那霉素和卡那霉素B的含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC CAD法测定硫酸卡那霉素注射液中卡那霉素和卡那霉素B含量的方法。方法: 采用Boston Green ODS C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以0.2 mol·L-1三氟醋酸溶液 甲醇（95 ∶〖KG-*2〗5）作为流动相,流速:1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温:30℃,喷雾温度:55℃,喷雾压力:56.4 psi。结果:卡那霉素在0.385~38.500 μg·ml^-1之间呈现良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）,检出限为0.075μg·ml^-1,定量限为0.154 μg·ml^-1,回收率为100.97%（n=9）。卡那霉素B在0.374~37.400 μg·ml^-1之间呈现良好的线性关系（r=1.000 0）,检出限为0.075 μg·ml^-1,定量限为0.150 μg·ml^-1,回收率为100.44%（n=9）。结论:建立的HPLC CAD测定卡那霉素和卡那霉素B含量的方法检出限低,操作简单准确,可以有效控制硫酸卡那霉素注射液的质量。     

GC-MS法同时测定麝香保心丸中6种活性成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立GC-MS法同时测定麝香保心丸中龙脑、异龙脑、肉桂醛、肉桂酸、麝香酮、苯甲酸苄酯6种活性成分的含量。方法: 采用气相色谱 质谱联用(GC MS)法,色谱柱为DB 5(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.1 μm)毛细管柱;程序升温：70℃恒温2 min,以5℃·min^-1)的速率升温至150℃,维持4 min,以20℃·min^-1)的速率升温至260℃,维持3 min;检测质荷比范围：10～425。结果: 龙脑、异龙脑、麝香酮、苯甲酸苄酯、肉桂醛、肉桂酸分别在0.022～22.000 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 6),0.024～24.000 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 6),0.028～28.000 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 8),0.034～34.000 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 6),0.040～40.000 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 7),0.050～50.000 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 9)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。龙脑、异龙脑、肉桂醛、肉桂酸、麝香酮、苯甲酸苄酯的平均加样回收率分别为97.20%,97.40%,97.53%,99.60%,98.78%和98.27%,RSD分别为0.89%,1.18%,1.52%,1.49%,0.79%和1.74%(n=6)。结论:该方法准确、有效、重复性好,可用于麝香保心丸多成分的质量控制研究。     

HPLC法测定黄连上清片中4种成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 提高黄连上清片质量标准,建立同时测定绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱4种成分含量的方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为DiamonsilTM C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为二元梯度系统,其中溶剂A为乙腈,溶剂B为0.3%磷酸水溶液,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为238 nm,柱温30℃,进样量为10 μl。结果: 绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱的线性范围分别为8.11～81.10 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)、13.08～130.80 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)、10.76～107.60 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8)、7.92～79.20 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8)范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为99.19%(RSD=0.9%)、98.44%(RSD=1.1%)、99.12%(RSD=1.0%)、99.18%(RSD=1.1%)(n=9)。结论:该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于黄连上清片的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定大败毒胶囊中绿原酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立HPLC法同时检测大败毒胶囊中绿原酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸的测定方法。方法: 采用Agilent C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液（15∶85）为流动相,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长：324 nm。柱温:30℃,进样量：10 μl。结果:线性范围：绿原酸5.42～32.43 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8),咖啡酸2.63～26.32 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 4),阿魏酸1.44～14.44 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 9);平均回收率：绿原酸99.98%,RSD=0.2%(n=6),咖啡酸99.31%,RSD=0.4%(n=6),阿魏酸99.48%,RSD=0.8%(n=6)。结论:该方法操作简便、准确,重复性好,可用于测定大败毒胶囊中绿原酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸的含量。     

“武当二号金银花”叶中芦丁和金丝桃苷的含量测定

摘 要 目的：采用HPLC DAD法测定“武当二号金银花”叶中芦丁和金丝桃苷的含量。方法: 色谱柱为Fortis Xi Phenyl柱 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈 0.5%冰醋酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.9 ml·min^-1,检测波长为354 nm,柱温为30℃。结果:芦丁及金丝桃苷分别在9.00～90.00 μg·ml^-1、16.35～163.50 μg·ml^-1浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系 (r=0.999 5),平均回收率分别为99.70%（RSD=1.96%）、99.30%（RSD=1.95%）。结论:该法简便、准确、重现性好、专属性强,可用于“武当二号金银花”叶中芦丁和金丝桃苷的含量测定。     

HPLC法同时测定蒲药灌肠液中3个有效成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立蒲药灌肠液中香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷和延胡索乙素的HPLC含量测定方法。方法: 采用ZORBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸（三乙胺调节pH至6.0）为流动相,梯度洗脱程序,流速:1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为254 nm（0～14 min）和281 nm（14～25 min）,柱温:30 ℃。结果: 香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷和延胡索乙素的线性范围分别为19.840～198.400 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 6）、20.520～205.200 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 8）和10.040～100.400 μg·ml^-1（r=0.999 7）,回收率分别为98.8%、98.6%和98.9%,RSD分别为1.4%、1.6%和1.3%（n=6）。结论: 该方法灵敏度高,专属性强,可用于蒲药灌肠液的质量控制。     

复方醋酸氟轻松酊中间苯二酚、冰片、甘油和二甲亚砜的含量测定

摘 要 目的：建立GC法测定复方醋酸氟轻松酊中二甲亚砜、间苯二酚、冰片和甘油的含量。方法: 色谱柱：HP INNOWax(30.0 m×0.32 mm,0.25 μm）;进样口温度：280℃;检测器温度：290℃;分流比：10∶1;以氮气为载气,流速：2.0 ml·min^-1 ;程序升温：初始温度100℃,保持5 min,以20℃·min^-1 的速率升温至240℃,保持8 min;氢气流量：35 ml·min^-1 ;空气流量：350 ml·min^-1 ;尾吹气流量：25 ml·min^-1 ;以奈为内标。结果: 二甲亚砜、间苯二酚、冰片和甘油的浓度分别在99.20～793.60 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 9)、507.25～4 058.00 μg·ml^-1 (r=0.999 9)、102.20～817.60 μg·ml^-1 (r=1.000 0)、316.20～2 529.60 μg·ml^-1 (r=1.000 0)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为98.58%、98.34%、98.19%、102.29%,RSD分别为3.80%、3.93%、2.87%、3.65%(n=9)。结论: 该方法简便、准确、可靠,可用于复方醋酸氟轻松酊中二甲亚砜、间苯二酚、冰片和甘油的质量控制。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定麻黄根药材中麻黄宁A的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立麻黄根药材中麻黄宁A的HPLC-ELSD测定方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法和蒸发光散射检测器;色谱柱：Alltima TM C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;柱温：30℃;流动相：乙腈 水（28∶72）;流速：0.7 ml·min^-1;ELSD条件：漂移管温度为105℃,载气流速为2.8 L·min^-1。结果: 麻黄宁A在42.56～383.04 μg·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好,r为0.999 8;平均回收率为99.9%,RSD为1.96%（n=6）。结论:该方法简便,结果准确,可用于麻黄根药材的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定蛇胆追风丸中阿魏酸、蛇床子素的含量

摘 要 目的： 采用HPLC法同时测定蛇胆追风丸中阿魏酸、蛇床子素的含量。方法: 采用Phenomenex Synergi C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,4 μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇 0.1%磷酸,梯度洗脱,检测波长为322 nm,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1。结果: 阿魏酸、蛇床子素线性范围分别为1.244～14.928 μg·ml^-1(r＝0.999 9)、5.004～25.020 μg·ml^-1(r＝0.999 8),平均加样回收率分别为98.3%(RSD=1.4%,n=6)、98.2%(RSD=1.6%,n=6)。结论: 该方法操作简便,结果准确可靠,可作为蛇胆追风丸中阿魏酸、蛇床子素的含量测定方法。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.