高频地波雷达系统性能仿真软件的设计与实现

雷达系统建模和仿真为优化系统设计、评估系统性能提供一个良好的环境和手段.根据高频地波雷达对海探测机理和工作特点,综合考虑系统参数、地波传播特性、海态、环境噪声、海杂波等因素对雷达系统探测性能的影响,建立了高频地波雷达系统性能仿真的主要模型和仿真软件体系结构,运用MATLAB设计实现了具有图形用户界面(GUI)的高频地波雷达系统性能仿真软件HFSWRsim,并进一步用此软件仿真系统对雷达系统探测性能进行仿真分析.     

T/R-R高频地波雷达舰船探测范围分析

基于目标回波和海杂波、大气噪声相对强度,理论分析及仿真研究了T/R-R高频地波雷达系统对舰船目标探测范围。分别分析了单基地(T/R)、双基地(T-R)高频地波雷达方程;基于T/R、T-R雷达系统海杂波理论模型,仿真了高频地波雷达一、二阶海杂波谱;提出了计算加权平均信杂比方法,从信杂比的角度分别确定T/R、T-R高频地波雷达系统的探测范围,T/R-R高频地波雷达系统的探测范围为T/R和T-R系统探测范围的组合。     

高频地波雷达电波环境特性分析

为分析高频电波传播环境对地波雷达探测性能影响,在地波雷达探测方程基础上,结合高频电波环境模型,对影响地波雷达探测性能的海面环境、电离层环境和电磁环境等因素进行了详细分析.分析结果为地波雷达系统设计、操作使用提供参考.     

高频地波雷达系统优化控制的研究与建模

现代电子工业技术的发展使高频地波雷达的功能不断扩增,导致雷达系统控制十分复杂。因此,需要通过系统的性能评估、优化及智能控制使之能够在各种情况下发挥其最大效能。依据高频地波雷达的特点和探测目标类型进行系统建模仿真。考虑不同模糊控制方法在高频地波雷达系统中的可行性,将遗传算法和粒子群优化算法等方法与模糊控制结合实现对雷达系统的优化控制。通过对雷达信号频率、功率和相参积累时间的模糊控制达到期望的工作性能。利用Matlab设计GUI控制界面。     

高频地波雷达系统优化控制的研究与建模

现代电子工业技术的发展使高频地波雷达的功能不断扩增,导致雷达系统控制十分复杂。因此,需要通过系统的性能评估、优化及智能控制使之能够在各种情况下发挥其最大效能。依据高频地波雷达的特点和探测目标类型进行系统建模仿真。考虑不同模糊控制方法在高频地波雷达系统中的可行性,将遗传算法和粒子群优化算法等方法与模糊控制结合实现对雷达系统的优化控制。通过对雷达信号频率、功率和相参积累时间的模糊控制达到期望的工作性能。利用 Matlab设计 GUI控制界面。     

一种双基地雷达探测性能评估的改进方法

一发两收配置下双基地高频地波雷达相对于单基地雷达的优势为提高探测精度和目标截获能力.同时, 双基地高频地波雷达作为一种大型的雷达探测系统, 影响其探测性能的因素众多, 为双基地高频雷达探测性能建立一套有效的评估体系, 对于雷达初期建设与使用过程中的维护与升级, 都具有重要的指导意义.本文结合高频地波雷达和双基地雷达各自特点, 提出了一种基于粒子群算法改进的层次分析法, 克服了传统层次分析法的判断矩阵和一致性检测分离的缺点, 提高了评估方法的可信度与可靠性, 为双基地高频地波雷达探测性能评估提供了一种较为可靠的方法.     

高频天/地波雷达海面风向、洋流反演试验研究

高频天/地波雷达是近年来提出的一种新的雷达探测体制, 其海杂波包含丰富的海态信息.为研究该体制雷达在海态探测中的应用, 在海面风向、洋流反演方法研究基础上, 利用高频天/地波探测试验系统开展海态反演试验研究,依据接收到的海杂波信息, 获得海面风向和径向洋流信息, 并与海上实测资料进行对比.对比试验结果表明两者具有较好的一致性,高频天/地波雷达用于海洋状态观测具有一定的可行性.     

高频地波雷达探测距离估算

高频地波雷达探测距离主要受环境噪声和海杂波的制约.对于环境噪声占领优或海杂波占优的情况,已有相应的距离估算公式.但对环境噪声或海杂波可比拟的情况,使用上述公式所算得的结果误差较大,对雷达总体设计会产生一定影响.文中根据环境噪声和二阶海杂波的特性,从理论上推导了噪声与二阶海杂波共同作用下,通用高频地波超视距雷达探测距离估算公式,并在给定参数情况下计算了不同时段、不同海态下雷达对舰船目标的探测距离,从而为地波雷达总体设计提供依据.     

高频地波雷达频谱监测仪的设计

高频地波雷达的工作很受外界环境和噪声的干扰,严重影响了雷达的信号质量。为了监测外界噪声的频谱,让雷达工作在信噪比较高的工作频段上,针对目前武汉大学海态实验室所研制的双频多通道高频地波雷达系统,设计了一种频谱监测仪,该频谱监测仪从高频地波雷达的工作波形设计与探测原理出发,采用外差式与快速傅里叶变换算法相结合的频谱监测设计方案,具有传统模拟式和数字式的频谱仪的优点,并通过设计及验证,完成了整个系统的设计,闭环实验结果表明能够有效检测到外部噪声,能够适用于新一代雷达系统,为后续雷达数据的采集和处理有更好的改善。     

单双基地复合高频地波雷达网定位精度分析

单基地高频地波雷达易受到电子干扰、隐身武器等威胁,建立单双基地复合高频地波雷达网是解决这一问题最易工程实现的途径。该文首次以单双基地复合高频雷达网为背景,针对高频地波雷达沿海面绕射的特点采用曲面定位分析推导和仿真系统的探测精度,给出定位精度曲线,并得到单双基地复合高频地波雷达网各测量子集在不同探测区域的精度分布,为高频雷达组网的探测、跟踪及融合提供理论基础。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.