色氨酸羟化酶2在更年期抑郁症模型大鼠中缝核中表达减少

目的 观察更年期抑郁症大鼠模型海马5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量及其合成限速酶-色氨酸羟化酶2（TPH2）表达的变化。方法 雌性SD大鼠，在卵巢切除术的基础上，联合孤养和21d慢性不可预见性温和刺激（CUMS）制备更年期抑郁症大鼠模型，以行为学测试进行评价。用高效液相色谱-电化学法（(HPLC-ECD）测定海马5-HT含量；用RT-PCR技术检测中缝核TPH2 mRNA表达量；用荧光免疫组化检测中缝核TPH2蛋白表达。结果 21d应激后，模型组大鼠直立活动得分及水平活动得分均减少，糖水消耗百分比下降；海马5-HT含量下降；中缝核TPH2 mRNA表达量及TPH2阳性神经元数量减少。结论 在卵巢切除术的基础上，联合孤养和21d CUMS可造成更年期抑郁症大鼠模型；模型大鼠海马5-HT含量下降，可能是中缝核TPH2的表达减少所致。     

左旋多巴对大鼠中脑5羟色胺能神经元的影响

目的:观察左旋多巴对大鼠脑内5羟色胺(5-HT)能神经元的影响.方法:左旋多巴大鼠灌胃,以免疫细胞化学和流式细胞术显示5-HT及色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)免疫反应物质或含量的变化.结果:免疫细胞化学显示左旋多巴组大鼠中缝背核5-HT能神经元细胞直径明显小于对照组;中缝背核5-HT和TPH免疫反应物质灰度值比对照组分别增高了7.72%和16.57%.流式细胞术显示左旋多巴组5-HT的表达量比对照组减少了18.45%,TPH表达量比对照组减少了19.90%.结论:左旋多巴降低脑内5-HT能神经元5-HT和TPH的表达.     

5-羟色胺系统参与学习记忆调节的研究进展

5-羟色胺（5-HT）系统在学习记忆中的调控作用越来越受到关注。5-HT能神经元是学习记忆研究最主要的神经元之一。5-HT释放作用于突触前/后膜各种亚型受体发挥其功能，尤其是对5-HT能神经元投射环路深入研究，将促进对学习记忆的探究。本文对5-HT受体、5-HT能神经元活动水平、5-HT能神经元投射环路参与学习记忆的相关研究进行阐述，为治疗学习记忆障碍提供理论依据。     

乙醇对大鼠脑内5-HT能神经体系的影响

目的 观察乙醇处理大鼠脑内色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)和5-羟色胺转运体(SERT)的表达改变,判断乙醇对脑内5-HT能神经体系的影响.方法 以20%乙醇代替饮水饲养30只Wistar大鼠6个月;利用免疫组织化学、免疫印迹及流式细胞术等方法,分析乙醇处理大鼠有关脑区5-HT能神经体系相关指标的改变.结果 1.免疫组织化学法可见,乙醇处理组大鼠脑内中缝背核TPH、5-HT免疫反应阳性神经元数量少于对照组(P＜0.01);TPH免疫阳性神经元直径小于对照组(P＜0.01);相关脑区TPH、5-HT和SERT免疫反应灰度值比对照组增高(P<0.05).2.流式细胞术检测可见,乙醇处理组大鼠TPH、5-HT和SERT的表达量低于对照组(P<0.05).3.免疫印迹法检测可见,乙醇处理组大鼠SERT和TPH与β-actin相对吸光度比值均小于相应对照组(P<0.05).结论 乙醇降低脑内TPH、5-HT和SERT的表达,可能改变脑内5-HT能神经体系的功能活动.     

大鼠多重脑震荡后脑内TPH表达变化

目的:探讨多重脑震荡(multiple cerebral concussion,MCC)后脑内5-HT能神经元内色氨酸羟化酶(tryptophan hydroxylase,TPH)含量的变化。方法:42只雄性大鼠随即分为7组,每组6只,一组为对照组,其余的大鼠用金属单摆式机械打击装置复制MCC大鼠模型,伤后分1~24 d不同时段的6个损伤组,用免疫组化技术和图像分析方法观察基底前脑及脑干5-HT能神经元内TPH含量的变化。结果:多重脑震荡后2~8 d上述脑区TPH免疫阳性表达升高(P<0.05),伤后24 d趋于正常(P>0.05)。结论:多重脑震荡后5-HT神经元TPH表达增强,可能与脑损伤后神经元的应激反应有关。     

自杀行为与色氨酸羟化酶的研究进展

绝大多数抑郁症和自杀的生化研究表明5-羟色胺(5-HT)是与抑郁症和自杀有关的关键性神经递质。色氨酸羟化酶 (TPH) 是5-HT生物合成的限速酶，本文对TPH及其基因多态性在自杀发病机制中所起作用的研究现况和进展作一综述。     

色氨酸羟化酶2在去卵巢抑郁症模型大鼠中缝核中表达减少

目的 观察去卵巢抑郁症大鼠模型海马5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量及其合成限速酶-色氨酸羟化酶2(TPH2)表达的变化.方法 雌性SD大鼠,在卵巢切除术的基础上,联合孤养和21 d慢性不可预见性温和刺激(CUMS)制备去卵巢抑郁症大鼠模型,以行为学测试进行评价.用高效液相色谱-电化学法((HPLC-ECD)测定海马5-HT含量;用RT-PCR技术检测中缝核TPH2 mRNA表达量;用荧光免疫组化检测中缝核TPH2蛋白表达.结果 21 d应激后,模型组大鼠直立活动得分及水平活动得分均减少,糖水消耗百分比下降;海马5-HT含量下降;中缝核TPH2 mRNA表达量及TPH2阳性神经元数量减少.结论 在卵巢切除术的基础上,联合孤养和21 d CUMS可造成去卵巢抑郁症大鼠模型;模型大鼠海马5-HT含量下降,可能是中缝核TPH2的表达减少所致.     

大鼠延髓头端腹内侧区内G蛋白偶联雌激素受体与 多种神经元的免疫荧光共定位关系

目的：探讨大鼠延髓头端腹内侧区（RVM）内G蛋白偶联型雌激素受体（GPER）与多种神经元的免疫荧光 共定位关系。方法：取6 周雄性SD大鼠脑组织,采用免疫荧光染色技术,对大鼠的RVM区域GPER和5- 羟色胺 （5-HT）能神经元标志物色氨酸羟化酶（TPH）、儿茶酚胺能神经元标志物酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）、神经元型一氧化 氮合酶（nNOS）、胆碱能神经元标志物胆碱乙酰转移酶（ChAT）以及脑啡肽（ENK）进行双重免疫组织化学显色。 结果：RVM内GPER免疫反应（GPER-ir）阳性神经元均不表达TPH,其周围有TPH 免疫反应（TPH-ir）阳性神 经元及纤维分布。RVM核心区域中缝大核内未检测到TH 或ChAT的免疫活性。网状巨细胞旁核内有TH 和ChAT 免疫反应阳性胞体或纤维分布,但它们极少与GPER-ir 共定位。nNOS的免疫活性（nNOS-ir）在RVM中表达丰富, 而少部分GPER-ir 弱阳性神经元可检测到nNOS-ir。RVM区域内有大量ENK免疫反应阳性纤维分布,且末梢紧 邻GPER-ir 阳性神经元胞体。结论：GPER特异性表达在RVM的非5-HT 能神经元,可能是雌激素调节痛觉和阿 片镇痛效应的结构和分子基础之一。     

多重脑震荡大鼠脑干中缝核团内5-羟色胺免疫阳性表达变化的研究

为了探讨多重脑震荡(multiple cerebral concussion,MCC)后大鼠中缝核团内5-羟色胺(5-HT)能神经元的变化规律,本实验采用自制单摆式机械打击装置复制MCC大鼠模型,研究伤后大鼠脑干中缝核团内5-HT及5-HT合成过程中的限速酶-色胺酸羟化酶(TPH)的表达。将56只大鼠随机分为7组:对照组、伤后1、2、4、8、16和24d组(n=8)。用免疫组织化学染色技术及图像分析法定量分析伤后大鼠脑干中缝核团内5-HT和TPH的表达变化。结果显示:(1)TPH免疫反应阳性产物在中缝背核、正中中缝核的表达在伤后2d时达到高峰,与正常对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);中缝大核和中缝苍白核分别以伤后1d组和4d组阳性反应最强;(2)5-HT免疫反应阳性产物在中缝背核、正中中缝核的表达也在伤后2d时达到高峰,16、24d组基本恢复至正常水平;而中缝大核和中缝苍白核内5-HT的免疫反应性在各损伤组与正常对照组之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,多重脑震荡后中缝核团内TPH和5-HT的表达增高,这为研究5-HT对MCC后认知障碍的影响提供了形态学依据。     

去除感觉神经元胞体促进离体培养的海兔感觉神经突触形成

目的 研究去除离体培养的海兔感觉神经元（SN）与运动神经元（MN，L7）互相接触形成的突触终末数量的变化。方法 体外培养无脊椎海生动物海兔（Aplysia）SN和MN，L7，两者互相接触形成突触联系fSN／L7），培养到第4d时，将部分感觉神经细胞的体部去除（SN／L7，-CB），其中一部分应用5-HT处理，另一部分应用5-HT＋茴香霉素（Anisomysin）处理，将仍保留细胞体部（SN／L7，＋CB）的离体培养突触作为对照组，24h后。利用免疫组织化学方法观察突触终末数目的变化。结果与对照组相比，应用5-HT后24h，5-HT处理组突触终末的数目显著增加（P〈0．01）；而5-HT＋茴香霉素组的突触终末数目却没有明显改变。结论 在长时程易化条件下，去除感觉神经细胞体可能使突触终末的数量增加，而这种感觉神经突触可塑性的变化可以被蛋白质合成抑制剂茴香霉素所抵消。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Cerebellar noradrenergic systems in aging: studies in situ and in in oculo grafts

Age-related changes in noradrenergic function in the rat cerebellum were examined using electrophysiological and electrochemical techniques. Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats showed subsensitivity to norepinephrine (NE) locally applied onto cerebellar Purkinje neurons. The modulatory actions of NE on Purkinje cell-evoked activity was also examined. In young rats NE preferentially inhibits spontaneous activity more than evoked excitations when compared to control. These modulatory actions of NE are not seen in senescent Fischer 344 rats. The intrinsic vs. extrinsic influences determining the loss of efficacy to NE were examined using three groups of rats with in oculo cerebellar grafts. The first group had young grafts grown in young hosts and these grafts showed a potent response to perfused NE. The second group, old grafts in old hosts, showed a diminished responsiveness to NE with respect to the first group. The third group consisted of young grafts in old hosts. These grafts demonstrated a responsiveness to NE that was indistinguishable from those in the first group. The integrity of the presynaptic NE fibers was examined in the grafts using electrochemical techniques. No difference in the release of NE was observed in the old grafts. Taken together, these results suggest a loss of postsynaptic NE function that is intrinsically determined. The change in NE modulation could influence information processing within the aged cerebellar cortex. This deficit could underlie behavioral changes seen in senescence.