真菌Nigrospora sp.Z18-17的化学成分

目的研究Nigrospora sp.Z18-17号菌株代谢产物,对其化学成分进行分离鉴定。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、HPLC等方法进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱分析确定化合物的结构。结果从Nigrospora sp.Z18-17菌株发酵液和菌丝体中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为:2-羟基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid methyl ester,1]、对羟基苯乙醇α-羟基丙酸酯(4-hydroxyphenethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate,2)、环(脯-缬)[cyclo(Pro-Val),3]、环(脯-脯)[cyclo(Pro-Pro),4]、环(苯丙-脯)[cyclo(Phe-Pro),5]、环(酪-羟脯)[cyclo(Tyr-Hyp),6]、尿嘧啶核苷(uridine,7)。结论化合物1～7均为首次从Nigrospora sp.Z18-17号菌株的代谢产物中分离得到。     

南海柳珊瑚来源真菌Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 7S2001的次生代谢产物及活性研究

目的 对一株采自南海柳珊瑚来源曲霉属真菌Aspergillus hiratsukae SCSIO 7S2001进行次级代谢产物及活性研究。方法 通过条件优化对菌株进行大规模发酵，采用硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶、半制备高效液相等色谱学方法对其大米发酵产物进行分离纯化，利用NMR、MS等波谱学技术，结合其理化性质及文献数据对比进行化合物的结构鉴定，并对化合物进行初步抗氧化和抗菌活性测试。结果 从菌株SCSIO 7S2001中分离鉴定9个单体化合物cristatumin F (1)，，neoechinulin B (2），，cyclo (Trp-Ana) (3)，，cyclo (D-Trp-L-Pro) (4)，，cyclo (D-Pro-D-Phe) (5)，，Phomoindene A(6)，，β-adenosine (7), ，E-6-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-benzo[b]furan-2-one(8a8)，Z-6-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzylid-ene)-benzo[b]furan-2-one(8b9)，并对化合物进行抗菌活性、DPPH自由基清除活性以及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的测定。化合物1-89均为首次从该菌株中分离得到，化合物8和9为首次从海洋真菌中分离得到的新天然产物。所有化合物均无抗菌活性，化合物6表现出显著的DPPH自由基清除活性，其IC50为8.50 μM，几乎与阳性对照相当(阳性对照IC50=5.58 μM)。化合物1和2表现出微弱的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性，在浓度为50 μg. /mL-1下，抑制率分别为16.44%和19.75%。     

基于OSMAC策略对深海来源真菌Acrostalagmus luteoalbus SCSIO F457化学多样性的初步研究

摘要：目的 采用单菌多次级代谢产物（OSMAC）策略对1株采自南海深海2 801 m沉积环境的白黄笋顶孢霉属真菌Acrostalagmus luteoalbus SCSIO F457进行化学多样性的初步研究。方法 通过在不同培养基、不同pH与不同盐度条件下对菌株进行培养调控并筛选2种适宜发酵条件进行小规模发酵。采用硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶层析、半制备高效液相等色谱学方法对发酵产物进行化学分离,利用NMR、MS等波谱学技术并结合文献鉴定化合物结构,并对化合物进行初步抗氧化和抗菌活性测试。结果 从菌株SCSIO F457的发酵产物中共新增分离鉴定11个单体化合物,包括paulownin（1）、cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro)（2）、cyclo(L-Tyr-L-Pro)（3）、cyclo(L-Val-L-Pro)（4）、cyclo(D-Ile-L-Pro)（5）、cyclo(D-Leu-L-Pro)（6）、1-methyoxy-4-(2-hydroxy)ethylbenzene（7）、2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol（8）、1-phenylbutane-2,3-diol（9）、3-methoxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one（10）及3-(hydroxy-acetyl)-1H-indole（11）,化合物7表现出较弱的1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, DPPH）自由基清除活性。     

海沟泥样来源真菌Penicillium sp. HDN19010的次级代谢产物研究

目的 研究马里亚纳海沟来源真菌Penicillium sp. HDN19010的次级代谢产物。方法 优化菌株培养条件,运用硅胶柱层析、ODS反相柱层析和半制备高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对其发酵产物进行分离提纯,通过质谱（MS）、核磁共振波谱（NMR）分析及和已报道文献比对,对化合物结构进行解析,并进行抑菌活性评价。结果 从该菌株中分离得到1个新的异戊烯基化的化合物methyl 2-[4-[(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enoxy]phenyl]acetate(1),1个已知的二酮哌嗪类化合物fusaperazine F(2),2个已知二萜类化合物conidiogenone B～C(3～4)。评价了化合物1～4对10种细菌抑制活性评价,结果表明化合物均无抑菌活性。     

海洋细菌NJ6-3-1次级代谢产物化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究海洋细菌NJ6-3-1次级代谢产物,以期得到有活性的先导化合物。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、HPLC等方法进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱手段分析确定化合物的结构。结果从海洋细菌NJ6-3-1的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到15个化合物,分别为环(色-脯)二肽(cyclo(Trp-Pro),1)、环(甘-脯)二肽(cyclo(Gly-Pro),2)、环(甘-苯丙)二肽(cyclo(Gly-Phe),3)、环(丙-苯丙)二肽(cylo(Ala-Phe),4)、环(酪-苯丙)二肽(cyclo(Tyr-Phe),5)、环(酪-脯)二肽(cy-clo(Tyr-Pro),6)、环(4-羟基-脯氨酸-苯丙氨酸)(cyclo(4-hydroxyl-Pro-Phe),7)、环(4-羟基-脯氨酸-亮氨酸)(cyclo(4-hydroxyl-Pro-Leu),8)、环(酪-亮)二肽(cyclo(Tyr-Leu),9)、环(丙-亮)二肽(cyclo(Ala-Leu),10)、环(甘-亮)二肽(cyclo(Gly-Leu),11)、环(丙-缬)二肽(cyclo(Ala-Val),12)、异光黄素(isolumichrome,13)、胸腺嘧啶(thymine,14)、尿嘧啶(uracil,15)。结论化合物1~15均为首次从海洋细菌NJ6-3-1次级代谢物中分离得到。     

表观遗传修饰剂诱导海洋来源Penicillium minioluteum ZZ1657次级代谢产物的研究

目的 对添加了组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂Vorinostat或丁酸钠的海洋来源朱黄青霉菌Penicillium minioluteum ZZ1657的次级代谢产物进行研究。方法 采用传统色谱方法(如薄层色谱、硅胶柱色谱、凝胶层析过滤)结合现代色谱法(如高效液相色谱),对菌株发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物进行纯化;采用核磁共振波谱(NMR)、高分辨质谱(HRMS)等现代谱学技术,结合文献数据鉴定分离的化合物结构;采用CCK-8法和96孔板法评价了化合物的抗癌活性和抗菌活性。结果 从刺激后的朱黄青霉菌ZZ1657的发酵物中共计分离7个化合物,鉴定为：N1-Phenyloctanediamide (1),酪醇 (2),对羟基苯甲酸 (3),Orcinol (4),苔色酸 (5),2,4-Dihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-2-oxopentyl)-3-methylbenzaldehyde (6),Purpuresters A (7)。结论 表观遗传修饰剂Vorinostat或丁酸钠能够调控菌株Penicillium minioluteum ZZ1657的次级代谢产物表达能力,增加其产物的多样性。化合物2~6为首次从该菌株中分离得到。活性测试表明,化合物1~7无抗癌活性和抗菌活性。     

真菌Penicillium sp. DT-F27次级代谢产物及其活性研究

摘要：目的 一株海洋来源真菌Penicillium sp. DT-F27次级代谢产物及其抗肿瘤活性的研究。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、反相高效液相制备色谱等方法,对该真菌发酵产物的乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离纯化;采用波普解析方法对化合物的结构进行鉴定;采用MTT法测定化合物对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的抗肿瘤作用。结果 从真菌Penicillium sp. DT-F27的发酵物中分离得到15个化合物,分别为麦角甾醇（1）,dehydrocyclopeptine（2）,3-O-methylviridicatin（3）,verrucofortine（4）,cyclopenin（5）,cyclo(dehydroala-L-Leu)（6）,cyclopenol（7）,4-hydroxy-2-methoxy acetanilide（8）,trans-(3RS,4RS)-3,4-dihydro-3,4,8-trihydroxynaphthalen-1(2H)-one（9）,cyclo(D-Pro-D-Val)（10）,brevianamide F（11）,cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val)（12）,anacine（13）,cyclo(L-Orn-L-Tyr-L-Orn-L-Ala)（14）,cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr)（15）。结论 从真菌Penicillium sp. DT-F27的次级代谢产物中分离15化合物,其中麦角甾醇（1）和3-O-methylviridicatin（3）具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,抑制率分别为45.6%和34.8%。     

南海深海沉积环境来源真菌Aspergillus sp. SCSIO F063的次生代谢产物研究

目的 采用单株菌多次级代谢产物(OSMAC)策略对一株南海深海沉积环境来源真菌的次生代谢产物进行分离、鉴定及活性研究。方法 通过改变培养基组成并筛选合适的发酵条件,采用硅胶柱层析、反相ODS柱层析、半制备高效液相等色谱学方法对真菌Aspergillus sp. SCSIO F063的发酵产物进行化学分离,利用NMR, MS等波谱学技术并结合文献进行化合物的结构鉴定,并对化合物进行初步的抗氧化活性测试。结果 从菌株SCSIO F063中新增分离鉴定5个单体化合物： 6-O-methyl-averythrin(1), (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzoate(2),dibutyl phthalate(3),folipastatin(4),di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate(5)。结论 改变培养基组成可以刺激该菌株产生不同类型的化合物,化合物1-5为首次从真菌SCSIO F063中分离得到。     

雷斯青霉菌中的一个新萘醌类化合物

目的 基于OSMAC策略指导下研究雷斯青霉菌Penicillium raistrickii次级代谢产物的多样性及抗肿瘤活性研究。方法 采用大米作为培养基,静置发酵获得粗提物。对粗提物采用硅胶柱层析、LH20凝胶色谱、半制备高效液相色谱(PHPLC)和半制备薄层色谱法(PTLC)等方法,对总浸膏进行分离纯化;利用波谱技术包括核磁共振(NMR)和质谱(MS)等技术结合文献报道数据,确定所得化合物结构;利用CCK8法评价所得化合物对HepG2肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性。结果 从雷斯青霉菌中共分离鉴定了10个化合物,包括2个萘醌类化合物(1~2),4个色原酮类化合物(3~6)和4个??酮类化合物(7~10),其结构分别鉴定为7-carbomethoxy-2,8-dimethoxy-5-hydroxy-l,4-naphthoquinone (1),2,7-dimethoxy-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2),5-甲基-2-乙基-7-羟基色原酮 (3)、2,5-二甲基-7-羟基色原酮(4),2-甲基-5-羧甲基-7-羟基色原酮(5),lamellicolic anhydride (6),1,3,6-trihydroxy-8-methyl xanthone (7),1,6-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-8-methyl xanthone (8),1,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-8-methyl xanthone (9)和1,3,5,6-tetrhydroxy-8-methyl xanthone (10)。结论 从雷斯青霉菌大米静置发酵物中分离得到了10个聚酮类化合物化合物,其中化合物1为新萘醌衍生物,化合物3为新色原酮类天然产物。所得化合物对HepG2细胞无增殖抑制活性。     

一株红树内生真菌Penicillium sp. JY246次级代谢产物及其活性研究

目的 研究一株红树角果木来源内生真菌Penicillium sp. JY246的次级代谢产物及其生物活性。方法 利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、半制备HPLC等方法,对该菌发酵产物的乙酸乙酯浸膏进行分离纯化;利用NMR、MS等波谱解析方法以及与文献数据对照,鉴定化合物的结构;通过抗菌和抗虫活性模型对化合物的生物活性进行评价。结果 从内生真菌Penicillium sp. JY246中分离得到12个化合物,分别为7-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylchromone (1),(2′S)-2-(propan-2′-ol)-5-hydroxy-benzopyran-4-one (2),2, 3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2(S)-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (3),(11S)-diaprothin (4),questin (5),4-hydroxy-3-prenylbenzoic acid (6),4-methoxy-6-styryl-pyran-2-one (7),(R) 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide (8),p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (9),4-hydroxyacetophenone (10),apocynin (11)和1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl) ethan-1-one (12)。结论 从内生真菌Penicillium sp. JY246的次级代谢产物中分离得到12个单体化合物,并对所有化合物进行抗菌和抗虫活性测试。结果表明,化合物1, 2, 4和5显示抗细菌活性;化合物4, 5和8对棉铃虫幼虫显示了生长抑制活性。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.