乏脂肪肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨乏脂肪肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤( hepatic angiomyolipoma with minimal fat,mHAML)的CT诊断与鉴别诊断,以提高对不典型肝脏占位病变的认识. 方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的6例mHAML的CT表现,6例均行CT平扫及三期动态增强扫描. 结果 6例均为肝内单发病灶,形态规则,边界清晰,4例CT平扫呈欠均匀稍低密度,1例合并脂肪肝者与1例合并出血者表现为欠均匀稍高密度,6例均未测得脂肪密度. 5例CT增强动脉期呈欠均匀中等强化,门脉期强化程度增加,其中4例平衡期持续强化高于周围肝实质,1例合并出血者内部可见片状无强化区. 另外1例动脉期明显强化,门脉期、平衡期强化程度有减低. 3例增强图像显示病灶中央可见点条状血管影,门脉期显示更明显. 6例平衡期病变边界更清楚,其中1例可见假包膜形成. 病理组织学示6例病灶内主要含血管和平滑肌成分,脂肪含量极少.结论 mHAML易误诊为其他富血供肝占位. 对于无肝炎、肝硬化病史,AFP正常,肝内病灶形态规则,门脉期强化程度增加且平衡期持续强化,尤其是门脉期中央出现点条状血管影者,应考虑到mHAML可能.     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：分析肝脏血管平滑脂肪瘤（HAML）的CT表现及增强特征,提高与肝脂肪瘤、脂肪肉瘤及肝癌等的鉴别能力。方法：收集6例经手术病理证实及1例超声下经皮肝穿刺活检病理证实患者,共7例,均经螺旋CT检查并做平扫及增强扫描。结果：7例病灶中有6例通过薄层螺旋CT扫描测得脂肪密度影,1例病灶中未测得脂肪密度影,7例病灶动脉期呈点状、片状、条状及扭曲血管样不规则强化。静脉期,肿块实质进一步强化。延迟期持续强化,但低密度区始终不强化。1例病灶,CT血管成像上病灶血供来源于肝右动脉和胃、十二指肠动脉。结论：病灶同时含有脂肪成分及血管影是HAML的CT特征性表现,结合CT薄层平扫及动态分期增强扫描,有助于提高该病诊断及鉴别诊断的准确性。     

不典型肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤CT分析

目的 探讨不典型肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现,提高对不典型肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的认识.方法 搜集经手术病理证实的4例CT表现病灶内未显示出脂肪密度影的肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,全部病例做CT平扫与增强检查及B超检查.结果 4例不典型肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,1例位于肝右叶前段,1例位于肝右叶后段,2例位于肝左叶.CT增强扫描动脉期及门脉期病灶均表现高密度较均匀整体强化,延迟期病灶呈等密度或略低密度.结论 病灶内未显示脂肪密度影的肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,CT平扫加增强扫描与延时扫描相结合有助于提示诊断.     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的 分析肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（HAML）的CT平扫及增强特点,提高与肝脂肪瘤、脂肪肉瘤及肝癌等的鉴别能力.方法 收集了3例经螺旋CT平扫及增强检查且经手术病理证实.结果 3例通过螺旋CT扫描均测得脂肪密度影,病灶动脉期呈条索状及扭曲血管状不规则强化、门脉期进一步强化;实质期成等密度.但脂肪样低密度区始终不强化.结论 病灶同时含有脂肪成分及血管影是HAML的CT特征性表现,结合平扫及动态分期增强扫描;有助于提高该病诊断及鉴别诊断的准确性.     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现,以提高诊断正确率。方法收集经手术及病理证实的肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤8例。全部病例均作上腹部CT平扫、增强动脉期及门脉期扫描,其中3例加病灶薄层扫描,2例加延迟期扫描。结果CT平扫8个病灶均呈低密度,动脉期所有病灶均有强化,门脉期5例病灶仍有持续强化;8例中5例病灶内有明显脂肪成分,3例含脂肪较少经薄层扫描显示脂肪成分。结论含脂肪较多的肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤常有典型的CT表现,诊断容易;含脂肪较少的肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤经薄层扫描能提高脂肪的检出率,从而能提高病变诊断的正确率。     

肝细胞腺瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的结合文献,进一步提高对肝细胞腺瘤的认识。方法分析5例经病理确诊的肝细胞腺瘤的CT(平扫及三期增强扫描)表现。结果 5例均为单发病灶,其中肝右叶2例,肝左叶3例。病变呈圆形,边界清楚,无分叶。3例病灶平扫呈低密度影,1例因脂肪肝呈高密度影;1例病灶见低密度环,增强后动脉期病变明显均匀强化,强化值在60Hu以上,门脉期及平衡期,病灶呈等密度影。结论 CT平扫及三期增强扫描对肝细胞腺瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断有较大意义。     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的多层螺旋CT征象分析

目的 分析肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(angiomyolipoma, AML)的多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现,探讨其CT特征.方法 回顾性分析8例(男性3例,女性5例)经手术病理证实的AML患者平扫和三期增强扫描的MSCT表现.结果 8例中4例(50%)为肝混合型AML表现,平扫病灶由稍低密度软组织成分和低密度脂肪成分构成,边缘清楚.1例病灶为脂肪型AML表现,3例病灶为平滑肌型或血管型AML表现,增强扫描7例8个病灶动脉期软组织成分均明显强化;门脉期6个病灶密度高于周围肝实质;延迟期仍为高密度者3个.增强扫描病灶的脂肪成分均不同程度强化.6例的7个病灶周边出现扭曲血管与肝动脉相连;门脉期和实质期有3个病灶周围可见包膜样强化.3个病灶周围可见向肝静脉引流的引流静脉.结论 多层螺旋CT可以展现肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的影像特征,对术前诊断有较高的价值.     

螺旋CT对肝局灶性病变的诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨螺旋CT对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断与鉴别诊断。方法146例肝局灶性病变,回顾分析其CT多期扫描特点。结果65例原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）,平扫50例为低密度、12例为等密度,3例为高密度;增强动脉期：38例病灶明显均匀强化,19例呈不均匀强化,8例轻微强化或不强化。门脉期HCC55例为低密度,10例为混杂密度;58例肝血管瘤平扫均为低密度。动脉期：52例病灶边缘呈结节状、点状及小球状高密度强化,5例几乎不强化,1例不强化;门脉期：43例边缘点状强化,10例强化高于肝实质,5例强化呈等密度。18胆管细胞癌平扫均为低密度。动脉期轻度强化,门脉期强化不断增强,延迟呈持续强化。3例肝局灶性结节增生（FNH）,平扫均为低密度,动脉期强化为高密度,中央见低密度低密度不强化影,门脉期强化呈略高密度,延迟呈相对低密度,其中2例中心瘢痕区可强化,呈相对高密度。2例肝腺瘤平扫为低密度,动脉期为高密度,门脉期为等密度。结论严格控制螺旋CT的多期扫描时间,掌握好多期CT影像改变特点,螺旋CT对大多数HCC、肝血管瘤能做出正确诊断,其他如不典型HCC、肝腺瘤、FNH单从影像对其鉴别诊断较困难。     

螺旋CT对肝局灶性结节增生的诊断价值

为比较肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)在常规CT和螺旋CT中的不同表现,探讨螺旋CT对FNH的诊断价值,分析6例经手术病理证实的FNH,其中2例行常规CT,4例行螺旋CT检查。结果平扫两种方法表现相似,均呈边缘模糊的略低密度灶。增强扫描后常规CT2例均呈略高密度灶,延迟4min后呈略低密度,其中1例病灶中央低密度疤痕区有延迟强化。螺旋CT增强后4例动脉期病灶均有明显强化;门脉期2例呈略高密度,2例呈等密度;延迟期3例呈等密度,1例呈略低密度;2例动脉期扫描可见平扫低密度疤痕区有明显强化的放射状血管影,1例有延迟强化。表明常规CT对FNH定性困难,螺旋CT多期扫描在FNH的诊断和鉴别诊断中价值较大。     

螺旋CT对肝局灶性结节增生的诊断价值

为比较肝局灶性结节增生（FNH）在常规CT和螺旋CT中的不同表现,探讨螺旋CT对FNH的诊断价值。分析6例经手术病理证实的FNH,其中2例行常规CT,4例行螺旋CT检查。结果：平扫两种方法表现相似,均呈边缘模糊的略低密度灶,增强扫描后常规CT2例均呈略高密度灶,延迟4min后呈略低密度,其中1例病灶中央低密度疤痕区有延迟强化,螺旋CT增强后4例动脉期病灶均有明显强化;门脉期2例呈略高密度,2例呈等密度,延迟期3例呈等密度,1例呈略低密度;2例动脉期扫描可见平扫低密度疤痕区有明显强化的放射状血管影,1例有延迟强化,表明常规CT对FNH定性困难。螺旋CT多期扫描在FNH的诊断和鉴别诊断中价值较大。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.