62例前列腺癌三维适形或调强放疗的临床研究

目的 分析前列腺癌适形调强放射治疗的临床疗效、副反应,分析前列腺癌特异性抗原(PSA)的变化水平和意义.方法 62例前列腺痛患者,60例采用调强放疗,2例采用三维适形放疗.56例放疗前接受内分泌治疗.前列腺+精囊95%计划靶体积的中位处方剂量为78 Gy,盆腔的为48 Gy.放疗前、后测量血液中PSA水平,观察PSA最低点值与预后关系.观察正常组织早、晚期副反应.结果 中位随访时间15.4个月.全组3年无远处转移生存率、无生化复发生存率、总生存率和肿瘤特异生存率分别为77%、87%、90%和92%,5年无远处转移生存率、无生化复发生存率和总生存率分别为55%、69%和83%.放疗后PSA最低点≤2 ng/ml与>2 ng/ml的3年总生存率和无远处转移生存率分别为94%、88%%与56%、11%(χ~2=16.39,P<0.01;χ~2=28.87,P<0.01).1、2级早期泌尿系统副反应发生率分别为32%、0%,1、2级早期直肠副反应发生率分别为19%、3%,1、2级嗍泌尿系统副反应发生率分别为10%、0%,1、2级晚期直肠副反应发生率分别为5%、3%.结论 前列腺癌适形调强放疗疗效好,早、晚期副反应小;放疗后PSA监测利于判断肿瘤预后.     

前列腺癌三维适形和调强放疗的初步结果

目的 分析三维适形放疗（3DCRT）和调强放疗（IMRT）前列腺癌的初步疗效和早晚期副反应.方法 36例无远处转移的前列腺癌接受了3DCRT和IMRT,其中35例同时接受内分泌治疗.23例临床靶区包括前列腺或前列腺加精囊,13例先接受盆腔照射然后包括前列腺和精囊.临床靶区的中位剂量为76.0 Gy（52.5～83.0Gy）,盆腔预防性照射中位剂量为45.0Gy（40～50Gy）.结果 3、5年总生存率分别为91%、84%.3、5年癌症相关生存率均为91%.全组早期胃肠道反应≤2级35例,3级1例,无4级反应;早期泌尿系统副反应≤2级34例,3级2例,无4级反应.全组分别有4例1级和3例2级晚期胃肠道反应,无≥3级晚期胃肠道反应;晚期泌尿系统反应发生率低,6例1级,2级1例,3级1例.结论 应用三维适形放疗和调强放疗技术治疗前列腺癌,高剂量放疗是安全的,早期和晚期副反应可接受,未发现严重晚期副反应.     

鼻咽癌患者调强放疗后颞颌关节损伤的长期随访结果

目的 量化鼻咽癌患者调强放疗后张口困难,并分析颞颌关节放射损伤的情况.方法 2001年2月至2004年10月,211例初治鼻咽癌患者接受调强放疗,处方剂量68 Gy,分次量2.27Gy/次,中位总疗程时间43 d(31～86 d).放疗前、放疗后6个月和每年测量患者最大门齿距.结果 全组1、3、5年生存率为97.1%、90.7%、79.1%.颞颌关节区平均剂量6.18～51.36 Gy.1级张口困难发生率为5.2%(11例),2级为0.5%(1例,该患者因局部复发接受二程放疗),未观察到3、4级颞颌关节损伤.结论 调强放疗技术使颞颌关节受照剂量显著降低,从而有效降低鼻咽癌患者放疗后张口困难的发生率和严重程度.     

160例Ⅱb期宫颈癌术前光子线+术中电子线照射的远期疗效分析

目的 分析官颈癌Ⅱb期患者应用术前外照射+192Ir腔内照射+手术及术中电子线照射的远期疗效.方法 对160例应用术前外照射+192Ir腔内照射+手术及术中电子线照射的宫颈癌Ⅱb期患者资料进行回顾分析.全部患者术前先全盆腔接受了20 Gy分10次外照射和192Ir近距离腔内放疗,1周后全盆腔接受了12 MeV电子线18～20 Gy照射.结果 随访率为98.1%.随访满5、10年患者分别为143、135例.5年和10年生存率、无瘤生存率、局部控制率分别为89.4%、86.3%、96.3%和84.4%、81.0%、95.0%.放射性直肠炎、膀胱炎发生率分别为5.0%、0.6%.放疗后肾孟积水、下肢水肿发生率分别为6.3%、1.3%.结论 宫颈癌Ⅱb期患者应用术前外照射+192Ir腔内照射+手术及术中电子线照射可提高患者生存率,且对肿瘤原发部位局部控制效果好,放疗副反应少.     

乳腺癌保留乳房术后不同放疗模式近期临床观察

目的:观察T1-2N0-1M0期乳腺癌保留乳房术后3种不同的放疗方式在近期疗效以及放疗毒副作用之间的差异。方法:全乳三维适形放疗+瘤床电子线76例(适形组),全乳调强放疗+瘤床电子线22例(调强组),同步整合推量调强放疗41例(同步整合推量组),观察3组的生存率、急性皮肤反应和美容效果。结果:全组中位随访时间31.3个月,至末次随访时间所有患者均生存。1、2、3级急性皮肤反应适形组分别为60例(78.9%)、14例(18.4%)和2例(2.7%),调强组分别为19例(86.4%)、3例(13.6%)和0;同步整合推量组分别为37例(90.2%)、4例(9.8%)和0,χ2=2.737,P=0.254。适形组、调强组和同步整合推量组美容效果评价良好者分别为49例(64.5%)、19例(86.4%)和32例(78.0%),χ2=5.087,P=0.079。适形组、调强组和同步整合推量组的放疗天数分别为(50.7±5.9)、(47.8±5.5)和(39.6±4.2)d,F=56.889,P<0.001。结论:乳腺癌保留乳房术后同步整合推量调强放疗拥有与三维适形放疗+电子线和调强放疗+电子线相似的生存率、急性皮肤反应及美容效果,且治疗时间较短。     

77例ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌术前放疗联合手术疗效分析

目的 分析77例ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌患者术前腔内放疗联合手术的疗效.方法 对2001-2007年收治的77例ⅠB2和ⅡA期(局部肿瘤>4 cm)宫颈癌患者先行术前阴道腔内后装放疗[阴道黏膜下0.5 cm(源旁1 cm)剂量20～30 Gy,10～12 Gy/次,1次/周],10～14 d后评价疗效并行广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术.分析治疗并发症、术后临床病理学特征、生存及复发情况.结果 术前放疗后宫颈肿块均有不同程度的缩小,完全缓解4例,部分缓解28例.全组仪5例放疗后出现1、2级血液及胃肠道副反应.全组5年生存率为83%,盆腔复发率为12%.结论 术前阴道黏膜下0.5 cm腔内后装放疗20～30 Gy联合手术治疗ⅠB2～ⅡA期巨块型宫颈癌生存率较高且未增加术后并发症率,是该期别肿瘤的一种有效治疗模式.     

局部低剂量照射治疗低度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤

目的 :探讨局部低剂量 (2× 2Gy)放射治疗对低度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL)的局控率、局控时间及生存率的影响。方法 :4 3例低度恶性NHL 111处肿块低剂量放疗 ,方法是 3d放疗 2次 ,每次 2Gy。放疗后 2个月内每周复查 1次 ,2个月后每月复查 1次。 4 3例中 8例为初治患者 ,余 35例经常规放射治疗 (5例 )、常规放射治疗 +化疗 (8例 )或化疗 (2 2例 )无效或治疗后复发。结果 :最大客观有效率为 80 2 % (89 111) ,其中肿瘤全部消退 5 6 8% (6 3 111) ,部分消退 2 3 4 % (2 6 111) ;肿瘤出现最大反应时间为 7d～ 9个月 ,平均为 4个月。肿瘤稳定 17 1% (19 111) ,肿瘤进展 2 7% (3 111)。在低剂量放射治疗有效的 89处肿块中 ,5 3处出现复发或进展 ,中位时间为 19个月。从诊断之日起 ,中位生存时间为 10年 ,其中 5年生存率 77% ,10年生存率为 4 7% ;从第 1次低剂量放疗之日起计算 ,中位生存时间为2 7年 ,5年生存率为 37%。放疗无明显毒副反应。结论 :低剂量照射是治疗低度恶性NHL的一种有效的姑息治疗方法     

前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

目的 分析前列腺癌大分割照射患者的早期和晚期副反应,初步探讨副反应的影响因素.方法 2006-2008年间37例前列腺痛患者接受大分割调强放疗(IMRT).13例临床靶体积(CTV)包括前列腺±精囊或术后瘤床,24例包括前列腺、精囊(或术后瘤床)和盆腔淋巴引流区.分次照射剂量为2.3～2.8 Gy(2.7 Gy占26例).95%PTV处方剂量前列腺精囊为62.5～75.0 Gy,盆腔为50.0 Gy.结果 全组中位随访时间为14个月.早期胃肠反应发生率0级38%,1级2,4%,2级35%,3级3%;直肠V50>27%与V55>20%的≥1级早期直肠反应发生率不同(P<0.05).早期泌尿系统反应发生率0级30%,1级68%,2级0和3级3%;膀胱V60<10%与V60>10%的≥1级泌尿系统反应发生率也不同(X2=6.02,P=0.038).晚期直肠反应发生率0级70%,1级24%,2级5%,无3、4级反应;直肠V65<10%与V65>10%的≥1级晚期胃肠反应发生率不同(X2=5.58,P=0.020).晚期泌尿系统反应发生率0级38%,1级49%,2级11%,3级3%,无4级反应;膀胱平均剂量>40Gy、V40>32%与V50>29%的≥2级晚期泌尿系统反应发生率均不同.结论 前列腺癌大分割IMRT初步研究结果 显示急件和晚期副反应均在可接受范围内.     

非小细胞肺癌术后三维适形放疗疗效分析

目的 分析非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术后接受三维适形放射治疗(3DCRT)的初步结果.方法 84例NSCLC患者术后接受3DCRT,其中肺叶切除65例(77.4%),全肺切除19例(22.6%);完整的R0切除54例(64.3%),镜下切缘阳性的R1切除15例(17.9%),肉眼残存的R2切除15例(17.9%).术后病理分期为Ⅰ B期1例,ⅡB期7例,ⅢA期52例,ⅢB期24例.全组术后中位放疗剂量为60 Gy(40～70 Gy,2 Gy/次).术后37例患者接受中位3个周期的辅助化疗.中位随访时间为35.5个月.结果 全组患者的3年生存率为58.6%,4年生存率为43.9%.有43例(53.1%)出现复发转移,其中胸内复发8例(9.9%),远处转移38例(46.9%).单因素分析显示,患者性别、年龄、体重下降、肿瘤大小、病理类型和分期与预后无关.接受R1、R2切除的患者预后较差.随访中,有9例(11.1%)患者出现2级以上放射性肺炎.结论 NSCLC患者术后采用3DCRT放疗效果较好,不良反应发生率较低,安全可靠.     

乳腺癌保乳术+化疗后动态调强放疗的临床观察

目的 观察乳腺癌保乳术+化疗后动态调强放疗的疗效和美容效果.方法 117例乳腺癌患者保乳术后先行4～6周期化疗再三维适形(6例)和动态调强放疗(111例).化疗分别采用CAF(环磷酰胺+多柔比星+氟尿嘧啶)、AC(多柔比星+环磷酰胺)、TA(紫杉醇+多柔比星)、NE(长春瑞滨+表阿霉素)、TX(紫杉醇+卡培他滨)方案.放疗采用6 MV-X线全乳腺调强放疗50Gy,瘤床电子线外照射加量10 Gy;其中68例患者锁骨上预防性照射50 Gy,42例肿块位于内侧象限的同时照射内乳淋巴引流区,锁骨上区、内乳区及胸壁均包在一个靶区里.雌、孕激素受体阳性加用内分泌治疗.治疗结束后6～12个月由2位医师评分评价美容效果.结果 随访至2009年9月,随访率为94.0%,随访满3、5年者分别为114、91例.全组3生存率为99.1%,5年生存率为96%,5年无瘤生存率为88%,局部复发率为3.6%,美容效果满意者为100%.放疗中及放疗结束后未出现明显放射性心肺等重要脏器损伤.结论 乳腺保乳术+化疗后胸壁动态调强放疗使靶区得到更均匀照射,有望提高局部控制率和生存率并降低正常组织并发症、肿瘤复发率.     

Intraoperative electron radiotherapy as a component of salvage therapy for patients with colorectal cancer and advanced nodal metastases

PURPOSE: To define the survival rates and relapse patterns in patients with isolated advanced nodal metastases secondary to colorectal cancer, treated with curative intent using aggressive combined-modality treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-eight patients with isolated advanced lymph node metastases secondary to colorectal cancer received intraoperative radiotherapy as part of curative-intent treatment. Forty-seven patients also received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Chemotherapy was delivered concomitantly with EBRT in 35 patients. The median intraoperative radiotherapy dose was 1250 cGy. End points included local failure within the EBRT field, central failure within the intraoperative radiotherapy field, distant metastases, survival, and toxicity. RESULTS: The median survival time and 5-year survival rate were 35 months and 34%, respectively. At 3 years, the local control and central control rates were 81% and 93%, respectively. Macroscopically complete resection and colonic primary site were predictors of survival and disease control. The median survival time and 5-year survival rate in patients with colonic primary sites and macroscopically complete resection were 53 months and 49%, respectively. Intraoperative radiotherapy-related neuropathy occurred in 3 patients and ureteral fibrosis in 1. CONCLUSION: With aggressive combined-modality therapy that includes intraoperative radiotherapy, long-term survival is achievable in colorectal cancer patients presenting with nodal relapse or advanced nodal disease. Survival and disease control rates are highest in those without gross residual disease.     

24例局部进展期胃癌术中放疗预后分析

目的 初步探索局部进展期胃癌手术联合术中放疗的治疗效果.方法 对24例局部进展期胃癌患者手术加术中放疗的临床病理资料进行前瞻性研究.运用Kaplan-Meier法计算患者无瘤生存率和总生存率,运用Cox比例风险回归模型对患者术后复发的影响因素进行分析.结果 24例患者中,21例患者行D2淋巴结清扫胃癌根治术;3例患者接受了姑息性切除手术,其中2例患者镜下切缘阳性,1例患者肉眼切缘阳性.所有患者均接受了术中放疗(1500 cGy,6 MeV).所有患者未出现手术并发症和放疗并发症.术后中位随访时间为19.5个月(2~63个月),1例患者出现局部复发,2例患者出现肺转移,3例患者出现腹腔转移,7例患者出现肝转移,局部控制率为95.8%.Kaplan-Meier法计算结果 显示,术后患者的中位无进展生存期为18个月,中位总生存期为23个月,5年总生存率为35.4%.Cox比例风险回归分析未发现无进展生存的独立影响因素.结论 术中放疗是局部进展期胃癌综合治疗的有效手段之一,可以提高局部进展期胃癌的局部控制率.     

Intraoperative Radiation After Pelvic Short Course Radiation-Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With Rectal Adenocarcinoma at High Risk for Local Recurrence

BackgroundShort course radiation-based total neoadjuvant therapy can improve disease-free survival for patients with high-risk locally advanced rectal cancer. Tumors that involve or threaten the circumferential resection margin have a particularly high risk of local recurrence. Intraoperative radiation therapy enables treatment escalation at the threatened or involved margin at the time of surgery.Patients and MethodsPatients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with preoperative short course radiotherapy-based total neoadjuvant therapy and intraoperative radiation at the time of surgery were identified. All patients had a threatened or involved circumferential resection margin on magnetic resonance imaging at the time of diagnosis. Treatment details, radiation toxicities, postoperative complications and oncologic outcomes were recorded.ResultsTen patients received intraoperative radiation after short course radiation-based total neoadjuvant therapy. All patients had an involved or threatened circumferential resection margin, 60% had extramural venous invasion, and 60% had positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes. Seven patients had negative surgical margins (≥ 2 mm), and 3 patients had an R1 resection with radial margins < 2 mm. The median [IQR] length of hospitalization after surgery was 11 [7-14] days. Three patients required readmission and 2 patients required reoperation due to complications including anastamotic leak and abscess. With a median follow up of 19.5 months postoperatively, no patient developed a pelvic recurrence, and 6 patients developed distant recurrences.ConclusionsThe use of intraoperative radiation after a short course radiotherapy-based neoadjuvant therapy is safe and feasible. Further data are needed to determine whether the addition of intraoperative radiation improves local recurrence rates over preoperative radiation alone.     

Long-term outcome and toxicities of intraoperative radiotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma

PURPOSE: To review a historical cohort of consecutively accrued patients with high-risk neuroblastoma treated with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) to determine the therapeutic effect and late complications of this treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1986 and 2002, 31 patients with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma were treated with IORT as part of multimodality therapy. Their medical records were reviewed to determine the outcome and complications. Kaplan-Meier probability estimates of local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival at 36 months after diagnosis were recorded. RESULTS: Intraoperative radiotherapy to the primary site and associated lymph nodes achieved excellent local control at a median follow-up of 44 months. The 3-year estimate of the local recurrence rate was 15%, less than that of most previously published series. Only 1 of 22 patients who had undergone gross total resection developed recurrence at the primary tumor site. The 3-year estimate of local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival was 85%, 47%, and 60%, respectively. Side effects attributable to either the disease process or multimodality treatment were observed in 7 patients who developed either hypertension or vascular stenosis. These late complications resulted in the death of 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative radiotherapy at the time of primary resection offers effective local control in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Compared with historical controls, IORT achieved comparable control and survival rates while avoiding many side effects associated with external beam radiotherapy in young children. Although complications were observed, additional analysis is needed to determine the relative contributions of the disease process and specific components of the multimodality treatment to these adverse events.     

术中放疗在术中不可切除T4期胰腺癌的应用研究

[目的]对术中不可切除T4期胰腺癌进行单纯术中电子线放疗研究,探讨其安全性和疗效。[方法]2009年12月～2011年7月共入组16例术中不可切除的T4期胰腺癌。术中行电子线放疗,中位剂量18Gy,术后依病情决定是否给予化疗。分析手术时间、住院时间、不良反应、局部控制以及生存情况。[结果]手术中位时间180min,术后住院中位时间10.5d,未观察到3度以上的不良反应。1年局部控制率80.0%,1年生存率12.5%,中位生存期9.5个月。[结论]对术中不可切除的T4病变进行单次16～20Gy以上的术中放疗有效且耐受性好,能达到术后同步放化疗相似的生存率及局部控制率。但整体远处转移率高,建议对能耐受者应给予化疗。     

Patterns of failure and local control after intraoperative electron boost radiotherapy to the presacral space in combination with total mesorectal excision in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer

PURPOSE: To evaluate local control and patterns of failure in patients treated with intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy (IOERT) after total mesorectal excision (TME), to appraise the effectiveness of intraoperative target definition. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analyzed the outcome of 243 patients with rectal cancer treated with IOERT (median dose, 10 Gy) after TME. Eighty-eight patients received neoadjuvant and 122 patients adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (median dose, 41.4 Gy), and in 88% simultaneous chemotherapy was applied. Median follow-up was 59 months. Results: Local failure was observed in 17 patients (7%), resulting in a 5-year local control rate of 92%. Only complete resection and absence of nodal involvement correlated positively with local control. Considering IOERT fields, seven infield recurrences were seen in the presacral space, resulting in a 5-year local control rate of 97%. The remaining local relapses were located as follows: retrovesical/retroprostatic (5), anastomotic site (2), promontorium (1), ileocecal (1), and perineal (1). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy as part of a multimodal treatment approach including TME is a highly effective regimen to prevent local failure. The presacral space remains the site of highest risk for local failure, but IOERT can decrease the percentage of relapses in this area.     

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine followed by laparoscopic resection in locally advanced tumors of middle and low rectum – Toxicity and complications of the treatment

Aims

The aim of this prospective study is to elucidate feasibility of protocol of neoadjuvant concomitant radiochemotherapy with capecitabine and long course radiotherapy with subsequent laparoscopic rectal resection. We assessed treatment toxicity, downstaging rate, pathological response to the neoadjuvant treatment, surgery complications, rate of conversions and sphincter-preserving surgical procedures, and intraoperative and early postoperative complications too.

Methods

We acquired data of 78 patients from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2007 with a locally advanced rectal cancer in our study. All patients were indicated for the neoadjuvant concomitant chemoradiotherapy due to locally advanced tumor (T3 or T4) or lymph nodes involvement suspicion (N+). Both radiotherapy (to pelvic region) and chemotherapy (capecitabine) were administered. Rectal tumors were localized within 12 cm from the anocutaneous verge. The average follow-up time was 23.9 months.

Results

All patients completed their treatment according to the planned regimen and dose. The surgery was performed laparoscopicaly within 4–8 weeks following the concomitant chemoradiotherapy – in 17% cases was converted into conventional surgery. Downstaging was achieved in 69% of patients, pathological complete response in 10%, histologically negative lymph nodes were documented in 58% of patients. Grade 3 toxicity of the concomitant chemoradiotherapy was present in 3%; grade 2 in 29% of patients, particularly skin and gastrointestinal form. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications of the surgery were 18%. Re-operation was needed in 5% cases.

Conclusions

We demonstrated safety and low toxicity of the concomitant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine.     

恶性肿瘤腹腔淋巴结转移三维适形放疗的临床疗效观察

目的：观察三维适形放疗（3DCRT）治疗恶性肿瘤腹腔淋巴结转移的疗效及毒副反应。方法入组56例恶性肿瘤腹腔淋巴结转移患者接受3DCRT,原发灶也接受了根治性手术、根治性放疗或化疗。近期疗效按 WHO 实体肿瘤疗效标准评价,毒副反应按 RTOG 标准评价。结果治疗后 KPS 评分中位数提高154分。治疗结束后3个月,原发灶总有效率为804%（45/56）。近期疗效与淋巴结转移灶体积有关,病灶体积越小,效果越好。1、2、3 a 生存率分别为571%（32/56）、304%（17/56）和71%（4/56）。I、Ⅱ度胃肠道反应发生率为554%（31/56）。结论3DCRT 用于恶性肿瘤腹腔淋巴结转移有较好的疗效、毒副反应较轻。     

64例乳腺癌保留乳房手术联合术中放射治疗的近期疗效观察

目的观察乳腺癌保留乳房手术应用术中放射治疗后近期疗效、安全性及美容效果等。方法对64例乳腺癌患者行保留乳房手术治疗,并于术中给予放射治疗。观察术后近期疗效、安全性及美容效果等。结果术后随访3～19个月,中位随访10.3个月。64例患者中,1例(1.6%)于1年后局部复发;7例(10.9%)术后发生Ⅰ级放射性肺损伤,10例(15.6%)手术部位局部硬化,8例(12.5%)皮肤颜色改变,8例(12.5%)手术部位疼痛;美容效果方面,达到极好或较好水平共占95.3%(61/64)。结论术中放射治疗在乳腺癌保留乳房手术中的应用可得到满意的近期疗效,且具有较高的临床安全性,同时美容效果良好。     

早期乳腺癌保乳术中低能X线放疗安全及可行性初步研究

目的 探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术中放疗的短期并发症及美容效果。方法 回顾分析2013—2015年间30例早期乳腺癌患者资料。全部患者均行乳腺癌保乳手术及低能X线术中放疗,术中予以适配器表面20 Gy处方剂量,术后观察手术区域并发症、放射性损伤、乳房美容效果。结果无严重3、4级不良反应;短期并发症为4例(13%)出现血清肿,其中2例需要外科抽吸处理;3例(10%)出现1—2级乳腺皮肤红斑;美容效果优秀率为50%。患者均未出现LR及远处转移。结论 低能X线术中放疗在乳腺癌保乳手术中安全可行,在部分早期低危乳腺癌患者中可作为瘤床补量的一种选择参考。