食品非热杀菌技术

食品非热杀菌技术系指不使用热能杀死食品中微生物,最大限度保持食品原有营养、质构、色泽和风味的一类新型杀菌技术;该文重点介绍超高压杀菌、高压脉冲电场杀菌、等离子体杀菌、紫外线杀菌、臭氧杀菌等非热杀菌技术原理、特点及其在食品工业中应用。     

低温等离子体技术灭活细菌芽孢的研究进展

芽孢是细菌的一类休眠结构,经常存在于食品当中,抗逆性强,难以灭活,给食品安全带来挑战。低温等离子体技术为近几年来逐渐发展起来的一种新型非热物理杀菌技术,通过激发气体产生多种活性成分对微生物进行灭活,杀菌效率高、作用时间短、环保无污染。本文综述了低温等离子体的产生原理、等离子体对芽孢内外结构的影响及影响芽孢灭活的因素等方面的相关内容,为处理食品中细菌芽孢提供了解决方案和技术支持,有利于推动低温等离子体在食品微生物杀菌领域的工程化应用。     

超声波及其联合技术灭活细菌芽孢的研究进展

超声波作为新型绿色非热物理加工技术,可以在短时间内杀灭微生物,同时减少对食品中功能性成分的破坏,保持食品品质,在食品工业中有广阔的应用前景.芽孢是细菌营养体的休眠体,由于其致密的结构对各种加工技术手段、杀菌剂等均有较强的抗性,很难将其直接灭活.超声波对芽孢的灭活作用有限,因此较多的研究将超声波与其他技术联合对芽孢进行灭...     

细菌芽孢的形成、萌发及控制手段研究进展

细菌芽孢因其特殊的结构和生理过程,对各种杀菌处理有极强的抗性,常导致热杀菌食品腐败变质。因此,在食品工业中控制芽孢萌发或灭活芽孢具有重要意义。本文综述了细菌芽孢的结构及形成过程和产孢调控机制,芽孢萌发过程及芽孢萌发影响因素,在芽孢的控制技术方面列举了部分物理控制技术（如热处理、超声处理、高压处理、等离子体处理等）、化学控制技术（如表面活性剂、化学防腐剂等）和生物控制技术单独处理芽孢或与其他处理技术相结合对芽孢的灭活效果及相关机制,以期为开发更安全、高效的芽孢控制技术提供参考。     

杀灭芽孢杆菌的方法及机理的研究综述

芽孢杆菌在不利条件下产生内生芽孢,芽孢壁厚且对外界环境有较强抵抗力,常规杀菌方法不易将其杀灭。芽孢在食品中萌发形成营养细胞,严重降低食品安全性,威胁消费者健康。文章从芽孢杆菌在食品中产生的危害出发,对热杀菌、高压杀菌、气体杀菌、化学杀菌以及促萌发杀菌等方法进行分析,比较其杀灭芽孢杆菌的效果以及优缺点。并对其杀菌机理进行探讨,指出膜受体、离子通道、核蛋白以及酶类对芽孢杆菌的影响。以期为芽孢杆菌的研究和控制提供理论参考和技术支撑。     

高压脉冲电场对食品微生物、酶及成分的影响

高压脉冲电场加工是一种非热杀菌技术,是指在高电场强度、短脉冲和温和的温度下处理食品。与传统的热杀菌比较,它具有很多优点,不仅能杀死微生物钝化酶类,而且能保持食品的营养成分和新鲜度。本文综述了高压脉冲电场对食品的杀菌效果、杀菌机制、影响杀菌的因素以及对食品中酶类和成分的影响。     

非热杀菌技术在即食肉制品中的应用研究进展

即食肉制品在生产和消费环节极易受到微生物污染,严重影响其品质和安全。传统热杀菌技术虽然能有效灭活微生物,但会对即食肉制品的营养和感官品质产生不良影响。近年来,非热杀菌技术逐渐受到关注,该技术处理温度低,对食品的风味、色泽和营养成分影响较小,避免了传统热杀菌技术造成的食品品质劣变问题。目前,在即食肉制品中应用较为广泛的非热杀菌技术主要有超高压、辐照、紫外照射、脉冲光照射和冷等离子体。本文综述上述5 种非热杀菌技术对即食肉制品的杀菌作用及对其品质的影响,以期为非热杀菌技术在即食肉制品加工中的应用提供参考。     

冷等离子体技术灭活细菌芽孢的研究进展

芽孢是某些细菌营养体在环境胁迫条件下形成的休眠体,广泛存在于自然界中。芽孢结构致密,对热、紫外线辐射等环境胁迫具有较强的抗性,很难被食品工业中常规的杀菌方法所杀灭,是影响食品安全的重要因素。近年来,非热加工技术在杀灭芽孢中的应用受到广泛关注。冷等离子体是一种新型非热杀菌技术,具有杀菌效率高、能耗低、无二次污染等优点,在食品工业中有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了冷等离子体杀灭食品中细菌芽孢的研究进展,总结了冷等离子体杀灭芽孢的作用机制,分析了影响冷等离子体作用效果的因素,并展望了今后的研究方向,以期为冷等离子体在食品安全控制领域的实际应用提供理论基础。     

食品加工新型杀菌技术研究进展

食品杀菌是食品加工过程不可或缺的环节之一。本文介绍了食品工业中新型杀菌技术和设备的研究进展,重点阐述了超高压杀菌、微波杀菌、高压脉冲电场杀菌、辐照杀菌、脉冲强光杀菌等新型杀菌技术与装备的研究发展进程,并扼要地介绍了相关技术特点。新型杀菌技术特别是冷杀菌技术可以更好地保持食品品质和风味,保证食品质量安全。     

食品高压杀菌技术

高压杀菌技术是近年来出现的新型杀菌技术。本文对高压对食品营养成分的影响、高压对微生物的影响、影响高压杀菌的主要因素、高压杀菌装置和高压杀菌在食品工业中的应用进行了探讨。     

Principles and recent applications of novel non-thermal processing technologies for the fish industry—a review

Thermal treatment is a traditional method for food processing, which can kill microorganisms but also lead to physicochemical and sensory quality damage, especially to temperature-sensitive foods. Nowadays consumers’ increasing interest in microbial safety products with premium appearance, flavor, great nutritional value and extended shelf-life has promoted the development of emerging non-thermal food processing technologies as alternative or substitution to traditional thermal methods. Fish is an important and world-favored food but has a short shelf-life due to its extremely perishable characteristic, and the microbial spoilage and oxidative process happen rapidly just from the moment of capture, making it dependent heavily on post-harvest preservation. The applications of novel non-thermal food processing technologies, including high pressure processing (HPP), ultrasound (US), pulsed electric fields (PEF), pulsed light (PL), cold plasma (CP) and ozone can extend the shelf-life by microbial inactivation and also keep good sensory quality attributes of fish, which is of high interest for the fish industry. This review presents the principles, developments of emerging non-thermal food processing technologies, and also their applications in fish industry, with the main focus on microbial inactivation and sensory quality. The promising results showed great potential to keep microbial safety while maintaining organoleptic attributes of fish products. What’s more, the strengths and weaknesses of these technologies are also discussed. The combination of different food processing technologies or with advanced packaging methods can improve antimicrobial efficacy while not significantly affect other quality properties under optimized treatment.     

非热杀菌技术在乳制品中的应用研究进展

非热杀菌技术可有效保持食品中的营养成分,在食品加工领域广受关注。本文主要论述了超高压技术(UHPP)、高压脉冲电场技术(HIPEF)、电子束辐射杀菌、高压CO2杀菌(HPCD)技术等非热杀菌技术在乳制品加工中的研究进展,旨在为非热杀菌技术在乳制品中的应用提供参考意见。     

杀菌技术的作用机制及在食品领域中的应用

杀菌是食品加工中保障食品安全的重要环节,高效杀菌同时又能最大限度保留食品原有的营养成分和色香味的杀菌技术成为食品科学领域的研究热点。该文综述了热杀菌技术、非热物理杀菌技术及化学杀菌技术的基本原理、特点及在食品表面与包装材料、果蔬肉类保鲜等领域应用研究进展,为杀菌技术在食品工业微生物污染控制与预防中的广泛应用提供参考,旨在提高食品的安全性和市场竞争力。     

杀菌技术的作用机制及在食品领域中的应用

杀菌是食品加工中保障食品安全的重要环节,高效杀菌同时又能最大限度保留食品原有的营养成分和色香味的杀菌技术成为食品科学领域的研究热点。该文综述了热杀菌技术、非热物理杀菌技术及化学杀菌技术的基本原理、特点及在食品表面与包装材料、果蔬肉类保鲜等领域应用研究进展,为杀菌技术在食品工业微生物污染控制与预防中的广泛应用提供参考,旨在提高食品的安全性和市场竞争力。     

Non-thermal technologies and its current and future application in the food industry: a review

In recent years, consumers have been demanding convenient and healthy foods which have ‘fresh-like’ characteristics while still being safe and a long shelf-life. These requirements are hard to achieve using existing traditional thermal food processing technologies and the innovative new food process and preservation technologies based on thermal processing systems are needed. However, non-thermal technologies in food processing do not generate high temperature and use short treatment times. This means that the nutritional components of foodstuffs are better retained, and the sensory properties of foods are less changed compared with traditional thermal processing. The aim of this review was to present non-thermal technologies applications and its mechanism in food industry in recently, and to explore the potential application prospects of combining non-thermal treatments applied in food industry because it not only could overcomes the drawback of single technology, but also can enhances the processing efficiency at lower treatment intensity.     

Bacterial spore inactivation induced by cold plasma

ABSTRACT

Cold plasma has emerged as a non-thermal technology for microbial inactivation in the food industry over the last decade. Spore-forming microorganisms pose challenges for microbiological safety and for the prevention of food spoilage. Inactivation of spores induced by cold plasma has been reported by several studies. However, the exact mechanism of spore deactivation by cold plasma is poorly understood; therefore, it is difficult to control this process and to optimize cold plasma processing for efficient spore inactivation. In this review, we summarize the factors that affect the resistance of spores to cold plasma, including processing parameters, environmental elements, and spore properties. We then describe possible inactivation targets in spore cells (e.g., outer structure, DNA, and metabolic proteins) that associated with inactivation by cold plasma according to previous studies. Kinetic models of the sporicidal activity of cold plasma have also been described here. A better understanding of the interaction between spores and cold plasma is essential for the development and optimization of cold plasma technology in food the industry.     

果蔬汁非热加工技术及其安全性评析

食品非热加工技术作为一种新型杀菌技术,具有减少营养损失和保持新鲜度等优点,正逐渐在食品工业中得到应用。本文在对果蔬汁产品的微生物危害性进行分析的基础上,论述了超高压、脉冲电场、电离辐射等非热加工技术对果蔬汁中病原微生物和腐败微生物的杀灭作用。