基于深度图像和稀疏表示的多手势识别算法

针对复杂环境下多目标手势区域分割难度较大、识别率较低的问题,提出一种基于深度图像和稀疏表示的多手势识别算法。该算法采用肤色和深度图像分割相结合的方式对图像中出现的多手势进行精确分割,再对分割后的手势图像进行归一化处理,最后通过稀疏表示的方法实现手势识别。实验结果表明,该算法识别率较高、鲁棒性较好,具有良好的识别性能。     

基于肤色分割的改进Camshift人脸跟踪算法

针对Camshift算法在对人脸跟踪时,容易受到肤色背景的影响,且当跟踪环境中背景较为复杂时,易失败的问题,提出一种基于肤色分割的改进Camshift人脸跟踪算法。在YCbCr空间中进行肤色分割,提取每一帧的肤色区域,排除帧图像中非肤色背景的干扰;引入人脸几何特征,对潜在的人脸肤色区域进行约束;使用Camshift算法跟踪人脸。同时为了提高算法的性能,文中引入改进的Adaboost算法。实验结果表明,该算法对视频帧中的特定人脸可以获得出色的跟踪结果,具有实时性强、跟踪稳定的优点。     

基于多目标Camshift手势识别

基于单目视觉下的手势识别技术一般由手势建模、特征提取、手势匹配等几个关键技术构成。手势跟踪算法目前主流的是粒子滤波算法和Camshift算法。系统采用Camshift算法,将人手图像由RGB空间转换到HSV空间后,在HSV空间利用半自动预定义模板颜色对人手进行分割,并对其进行改进实现多目标跟踪,由于Camshift算法为半自动算法,在对手势进行跟踪前需对手势进行手动标定,系统采用了手势跟踪与手势识别技术结合的方法,改进了Camshift算法,解决了Camshift的半自动问题和实现多目标跟踪,实现双手的手势识别。     

基于OpenCV的多特征实时手势识别

基于视觉的手势识别是实现新一代人机交互的关键技术。从手势分割和手势表示两方面入手,提出了一种基于OpenCV的多特征实时手势识别方法。利用HSV颜色空间肤色分割算法分割出肤色区域,根据手势的几何特征分离出手势区域,然后运用凸包算法检测指尖,结合指尖个数、手指间角度特征和轮廓长宽比特征,建立决策树对本定义的12种不同手势进行分类。实验结果表明,本方法具有较好的鲁棒性、实时性好、识别率高。     

基于结构分析的手势识别算法研究

从肤色模型和手掌结构两个方面出发,提出了一种新型手势分割及识别算法。即首先通过YCbCr模型将复杂背景中的肤色区域分割出来,同时通过多区域手势提取算法,提取出待识别的手势,而后再按照手势分割及识别算法对手势进行识别。通过测试,该识别算法适用于不同环境下、不同大小的手势识别,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

改进的LB算法在动态手势识别中的应用

为了提高动态手势识别中的匹配效率,提出一种改进的LB算法.首先,对采集手势深度信息进行实时分割,并使用一种新的特征提取方法对手势进行描述.然后,引入锚定距离的概念,并将其应用到LB算法当中,同时进行分类和识别.最后,分别对比其他两种相关算法的执行时间,以及改进LB算法的识别率.实验结果表明,提出的方法在不影响识别率的情况下,对算法执行效率有了很大的提升.     

基于预分类处理的实时多手势识别算法

为了改善常见的背景模型在手势分割易受环境因素影响的缺点,以及提高基于傅里叶描述子的神经网络对大量手势分类的识别率,本文提出一种采用预分类的综合手势识别算法。首先,分割部分使用背景差分检测出手部,同时利用手分类器对手部识别手掌位置,获取感兴趣区域,同时对手和背景分别进行掩膜更新,进入下一循环,具有较高的分割效果。接着,利用指尖检测和傅里叶描述子对区域进行特征提取。识别过程先根据指尖数目及实现功能进行预分类,再利用神经网络对傅里叶特征系数进行实时的识别并返回识别结果。最后,进行与直接的傅里叶系数的识别比较及复杂背景下与传统背景差分方法识别率比较,结果表明该算法普通手势比直接分类平均识别率高4.162%,易误检手势识别率提高最高达91.7%;复杂背景下性能也有较大改善。鲁棒性较强,可以容纳大量手势定义,满足人机交互的要求。     

基于自适应提取和改进CAMSHIFT单目手势跟踪

为了解决复杂背景下手势提取与手势跟踪准确度受影响的问题,提出了一种基于自适应提取和改进CAMSHIFT(Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift)单目手势跟踪算法.该算法通过自适应手部提取方法识别手部完成对跟踪目标的初始化,以运动历史矩阵为掩模提取图像中的感兴趣区域,在该区域内使用CAMSHIFT算法跟踪目标,并通过傅里叶描述子对跟踪目标轮廓进行实时反馈,完成对动态手势的精确跟踪.该方法能够在手部经过肤色区域的情境中实现准确跟踪,与经典CAMSHIFT算法相比,跟踪正确率提高了80％,实现了复杂背景下动态手势的准确跟踪.     

基于骨架运算的动态手势定位及识别算法

为满足在不同背景条件下用户的手势识别需求,提出了一种对于动态手势定位及识别的算法。在摄像头固定、目标移动的前提下,采用ViBe算法对背景建模后结合肤色检测,对手势目标区域进行检测。文中提出了掌心的定位方法,算法利用形态学骨架运算提取图像特征,为解决用户不同衣着和动作造成判断区域的多样性和不确定性,进行有效区域选取后定位掌心坐标,根据掌心坐标通过似圆度和掌心极坐标进行手势定位和识别。实验结果证明,所提算法能够在复杂背景下准确地对手掌高于手肘的手势判断出掌心点,分割出手掌并进行手势识别,该算法同时拥有较好的鲁棒性和实时性。     

一种改进的Camshift视频目标跟踪算法

鉴于连续自适应均值漂移(Camshift)算法在光照变化,相似背景颜色干扰及目标遮挡时鲁棒性不高,易造成跟踪错误等问题,提出了一种联合多特征和最大类间方差法的视频运动目标跟踪算法。该算法将色度直方图、梯度方向直方图和LBP纹理特征进行巧妙的融合,构建了一种高效的联合直方图目标外观特征模型,并在Camshift算法中嵌入最大类间方差法,增强目标和背景的区分度。不同场景的视频跟踪结果表明,改进算法有效克服了传统Camshift算法应对光照变化、颜色干扰和目标遮挡的缺点,与同类算法相比,具有更高的准确度和鲁棒性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.