FC-20多产低凝清洁柴油加氢裂化催化剂的研制

FC-20催化剂是为满足国内北方市场对清洁低凝柴油的需求而开发的新一代高中油型加氢裂化催化剂。该催化剂以新型小晶粒改性β分子筛和纳米颗粒的无定形硅铝为主要酸性裂化组分,以金属钨镍为加氢组分,采用液相辅助混合技术制备,加氢组分与裂化组分能在催化剂中均匀分散,使得各组分可以充分发挥其催化性能,明显改善了催化剂的加氢性能和异构性能。反应性能研究表明,FC-20催化剂具有裂化活性适宜、加氢性能好、异构性能强、中间馏分油选择性高、柴油与尾油产品低温流动性好等特点,可以实现多产清洁低凝柴油和低倾点优质润滑油基础油原料的目的。     

FC-14催化剂在抚顺石油三厂的工业应用

介绍了FC-14催化剂在抚顺石化公司石油三厂40 万t/a 加氢裂化装置的工业应用情况.工业应用结果表明:FC-14催化剂生产方案灵活,活性和中间馏分油选择性高,活性稳定性好,能满足最大量生产优质中间馏分油,尤其是低凝柴油的需要.     

FC—14多产柴油加氢裂化催化剂研制及工业应用

FC-14催化剂是抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发的多产优质柴油的加氢裂化催化剂.FC-14采用特种分子筛CB为主要裂化组分,该分子筛是一种三维直通道十二圆环大孔分子筛,具有硅铝比高、晶粒小、强酸中心多、酸密度小、L酸比例大以及二次孔多等特点,在加氢裂化反应过程中显示出 了很好的活性和中间馏分油选择性,并且具有很强的异构性能,使得柴油等产品的低温流动性获得提高.鉴于FC-14催化剂具有优异的催化性能,分别在多套工业加氢裂化装置上应用,满足了企业多产优质喷气燃料、低凝柴油和低凝点润滑油基础油的需要,获得了非常大的经济效益.     

FC-28型单段高中油型加氢裂化催化剂的工业放大

以改性Y型分子筛为主要酸性组分，钨镍为加氢组分，采用浸渍法制备了FC-28型单段高中油型加氢裂化催化剂。FC-28型单段高中油型加氢裂化催化剂工业放大结果表明，该催化剂制备工艺成熟可靠，重复性好，FC-28型放大催化剂的反应性能完全达到了实验室定型催化剂的水平。FC-28型单段高中油型加氢裂化催化剂工艺条件考察试验结果表明，该催化剂对工艺条件变化适应性强，中间馏分油产率高，活性适中，并具有较好稳定性。     

FC-60催化剂在天津分公司1~#加氢裂化装置的工业应用

FC-60催化剂是抚顺石油化工研究院研发的新一代高中油型加氢裂化催化剂,催化剂以Y分子筛为主要酸性组分,以钨镍为加氢组分,采用浸渍法制备。2016年FC-60催化剂在天津分公司1~#加氢裂化装置上进行首次工业应用,工业应用的标定结果表明:FC-60催化剂液收高、氢气利用率高、目标产品选择性好、产品质量优,满足了天津裂化的实际使用需求。     

费托合成油加氢生产马达燃料工艺技术研究

针对费托合成油特殊的组成结构开发了加氢裂化生产清洁交通运输燃料的专用催化剂,催化剂采用特殊改性的裂化组分和新制备方法,使分子筛和加氢金属在催化剂中分布更均匀,提高加氢裂化催化剂的异构性能,在获得较高中间馏分油收率的同时,大幅度改善柴油的低温性能。工艺研究结果表明:采用单程一次通过生产中间馏分油时,转化率不宜超过50%,转化率的提高会导致中油选择性的降低,同时影响柴油十六烷值;采用尾油循环的工艺流程时,中间馏分油收率大幅提高,可以达到70%(m)以上,是多产中间馏分油较为适宜的工艺流程。     

4371催化剂实验室研制及工业放大

4371催化剂是在3905催化剂基础上开发的新一代中压加氢裂化催化剂,可用于馏分油中压,高压加氢裂化或劣质柴渍中压加氢改质,4371催化剂以FSY分子筛为裂化组分,以W－Ni为加氢组分,采用浸渍法制备,制备方法简单,4371催化剂评价结果表明,该催化剂裂化活性高,抗氮性能强,加氢性能好,活性稳定性好（提高速率低于0．03℃/d),能满足部分厂家扩能改造的需要,增大操作灵活性,可为厂家带来明显的经济效益,有很好的推广应用前景。     

FC-16高活性高中油型加氢裂化催化剂性能研究

FC-16催化剂是抚顺石油化工研究院为满足增产优质中间馏分油的需要而开发的一种高活性多产中间馏分油加氢裂化催化剂，具有活性和中间馏分油选择性高、稳定性好、柴油馏分凝点低、对原料油适应性强、对反应温度敏感性好等特点。FC-16催化剂的中油选择性不低于国外新近开发的同类催化剂(简称国外参比催化剂)，相同条件下的反应温度比国外参比催化剂低10℃左右，具有更大的操作灵活性。FC-16催化剂的应用试验结果表明：FC-16催化剂能够满足不同用户最大量增产优质中间馏分油，尤其是优质低凝柴油的需要。     

FC-50中油型加氢裂化催化剂的反应性能及工业应用

介绍了以改性Y型分子筛为主要酸性组分、钨镍为加氢组分、采用浸渍法制备的FC-50中油型加氢裂化催化剂。催化剂具有较高的中油选择性和良好的稳定性,生产灵活性强,可在较大的转化深度范围操作。2010年6月,FC-50催化剂在中国石油化工股份有限公司镇海炼油化工股份有限公司1.2 Mt·a^-1加氢裂化装置上进行工业应用试验,工业标定结果表明,FC-50催化剂加氢性能好,目的产品选择性高,气体产率低,产品质量优,满足炼油厂的实际使用需求。     

FC—12高灵活性加氢裂化催化剂

一种既可用于减压馏分油中压或高压加氢裂化 ,又能满足劣质柴油中压加氢改质需要的ＦＣ 12高灵活性加氢裂化催化剂在中国石化股份公司抚顺石油化工研究院开发研制成功 ,并于近日通过中国石化股份公司技术鉴定。1999年初 ,开始在实验室进行ＦＣ 12加氢裂化催化剂的研制工作 ,通过对分子筛进行筛选和改性处理后 ,制备出了活性高、抗氮能力强的ＦＳＹ分子筛 ,并将其作为ＦＣ 12催化剂的裂化组分 ,同时以加氢性能好的金属钨镍作为ＦＣ 12催化剂的加氢组分。经过在重油小型加氢试验装置上进行的4 0 0 0多小时的活性稳定性试验结果表明 ,ＦＣ 12加…     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。