美托洛尔缓释片与平片对慢性心力衰竭患者NT-proBNP及心功能的影响

目的 比较美托洛尔缓释片与平片对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆N端心房利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)及心功能的影响.方法 将80例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为美托洛尔缓释片组与美托洛尔平片组,各40例,治疗时间均为20周,检测治疗前后两组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6 min步行试验(6MWT)及静息心率(SHR)等.结果 治疗后,两组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平、LVEF及6MWT与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),治疗后两组间血浆NT-proBNP水平、LVEF、6MWT比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 美托洛尔缓释片与平片均能降低血浆NT-proBNP水平,改善患者运动耐量.     

步行试验对老年慢性心力衰竭患者运动耐量的评估

目的探讨6 min步行试验(6MWT)对老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者运动耐量的评价.方法将54例CHF患者随机分为常规治疗组(n=25)和卡维地洛组(n=29),治疗前后进行步行试验,监测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和左室射血分数(LVEF).结果心功能Ⅳ级患者较Ⅱ级患者步行距离明显下降(P<0.01),Ⅲ级与Ⅱ级、Ⅳ级与Ⅲ级患者之间步行距离的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);卡维地洛组6 min步行距离治疗前后差异有显著性意义(P<0.01), 而常规治疗组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),两组患者步行距离与TNF-α、IL-6、NE呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与LVEF呈正相关(P<0.05).结论6MWT具有简单、易行、安全、可靠的特点,可作为评估CHF患者运动耐量的临床工具,尤其适用于老年患者,同时可提供一定的判断CHF预后及治疗效果的信息.     

六分钟步行试验对于慢性心力衰竭患者的临床应用

目的 探讨六分钟步行试验（6MWT）对于慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的心功能评估作用：采用6MWT定量研究CHF患者运动前后心率、血压的变化。方法218例受试对象按年龄段及美国纽约心脏病学会分级（NYHA分级）分别进行6MWT,同时记录六分钟步行距离（6MWD）及运动前后的血压和心率。结果不同年龄段组6MWD与NYHA分级呈高度负相关关系（P〈0．01）。正常对照组与NYHAI级组6MWD没有差别（P〉0．05）,其余各组均有显著差异（P〈0．01）;各年龄段组NYHA分级与心率变化值呈正相关关系,与收缩压变化值呈负相关关系（P〈0．01）。结论6MWT更适合评价轻、中度慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能;根据运动前后心率、血压的变化,6MWT可以为CHF患者运动锻炼提供指导。     

6分钟步行实验与慢性心力衰竭

目的　评价 6分钟步行法在慢性心力衰竭中的应用以及 6分钟步行距离与其他心力衰竭指标之间的相关性。方法　本文对 33例正常对照组与 6 6例慢性心力衰竭患者组的 6分钟步行距离、纽约心功能分级、EF、生活质量评分进行分析研究。结果　对照组与各心力衰竭组之间步行距离的差异均有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 3)。心力衰竭患者中 ,NYHA 与 及 之间的步行距离差异也有统计学差异。心力衰竭患者中 6 MWT与 NYHA分级、EF及 L HFQ之间的相关系数分别为 - 0 .4 90 (P<0 .0 1) ,0 .2 6 6 (P<0 .0 3) ,- 0 .6 5 8(P<0 .0 1)。 6 MWT与 L HFQ之间的相关性在 NYHA , 患者中明显高于 NYHA 患者。结论　 6 MWT与 NYHA心功能分级呈显著正相关 ,与其他临床常用反映心功能的指标合用可提高心功能评估的准确性 ,是一种值得推广的评估心功能的客观检测方法     

心力衰竭患者血清脑利钠肽水平与心功能的相关性

目的探讨心力衰竭患者血清脑利钠肽(BNP)与心功能的相关性及其临床意义。方法 70例心力衰竭住院患者,使用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定其血清BNP水平,超声心动图测定左心室射血分数(LVEF),56例完成6 min步行试验(6MWT)评估运动耐量,分析不同心功能分级患者BNP水平与上述指标的相关性。结果(1)心力衰竭患者各NYHA心功能不同分级组BNP水平差异有统计学意义,BNP水平与心功能分级呈正相关;(2)BNP值与LVEF呈负相关;(3)BNP值与6MWT结果呈显著负相关。结论 BNP测定是辅助诊断充血性心力衰竭的有效方法,可反映心功能不全的严重程度。     

运动疗法对冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者近期疗效观察

目的观察运动治疗对冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者心功能和运动耐量的影响。方法将64例冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者分成运动组32例和对照组32例,两组均常规进行内科治疗,运动组加以运动疗法。分别于入组时和治疗12周后对两组患者临床心功能、左室射血分数(LVEF)、运动耐量及6min步行距离进行测定与比较。结果治疗12周后,与对照组比较,运动组患者心功能改善,LVEF明显升高,运动耐量显著提高,6min步行距离显著增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、<0.01)。结论运动疗法可以减轻冠心病心力衰竭患者症状,改善心功能,提高运动耐量。     

B型利钠肽与左室射血分数、NYHA心功能分级、P波终末电势及6分钟步行试验的相关性研究

目的 探讨血浆B型利钠肽(BNP)水平与NYHA(纽约心脏学会)心功能分级、左室射血分数(EF)、P波终末电势(Ptfvl)以及6 min步行试验(6 MWT)的相关性.方法 对208例慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者就诊后24 h内取静脉血,测定血浆BNP,并行超声心动图、心电图检查及进行6MWT,分析血浆BNP与NYHA心功能分级、EF、Pfvl,及6MWT之间的关系.结果 心功能Ⅰ～Ⅳ级患者血浆BNP逐步增加(P＜0.001);EF≤40%的血浆BNP显著大于EF＞40%者(P＜0.001);Ptfvl 值大的患者血浆BNP显著大于Ptfvl小的患者,6MWT距离短的患者血浆BNP显著大于距离长者.BNP与心功能分级、Ptfvl呈正相关,与EF、6MWT呈负相关.其中BNP灵敏性及特异性最高,其次是6MWT及EF,NYHA心功能分级次之,Ptfvl的敏感性最低.结论 血浆BNP水平与传统的评价心功能指标有明确相关性,并优于上述指标,因其操作方便、快速,可作为临床评价心功能的良好指标.     

曲美他嗪联合卡维地洛对舒张性心力衰竭的影响研究

目的观察曲美他嗪联合卡维地洛对舒张性心力衰竭心功能及运动耐量的影响。方法入选60例舒张性心力衰竭患者,随机分为两组,一组为对照组,接受卡维地洛及常规抗心力衰竭治疗,另一组为治疗组,在常规抗心力衰竭治疗基础上,予曲美他嗪联合卡维地洛,两组疗程均为12周,观察并比较两组治疗前后心功能,运动耐量,评估两组治疗的临床效果。结果治疗组在心功能,运动耐量改善方面均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),结论曲美他嗪联合卡维地洛能有效提高患者心功能及运动耐量。     

慢性心力衰竭患者6分钟步行试验的临床研究

6分钟步行试验(6MWT)可用于评价慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能,具有简便、安全、定量较细致,易为患者接受,对老年慢性心力衰竭患者的敏感性和重复性较好等优点,值得进一步推广应用,且应规范其实施方法,文中就近年6MWT在国内外临床研究的进展作一综述。     

慢性心力衰竭患者6分钟步行试验的临床研究

6分钟步行试验(6MWT)可用于评价慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能,具有简便、安全、定量较细致,易为患者接受,对老年慢性心力衰竭患者的敏感性和重复性较好等优点,值得进一步推广应用,且应规范其实施方法,文中就近年6MWT在国内外临床研究的进展作一综述.     

Application of Six-minute Walk Test in Heart Transplantation Patients

Objectives To analyze the six-minute walk test （6MWT） and gas exchange of 5 heart transplantation patients and to approach the variation tendency of exercise tolerance, oxygen uptake （ VO2 ） and heart rate chronotropic response. Methods 5 cases of heart transplantation patients （ age 25 - 52 years） were undertaken 6MWT 6 - 30 months after operation, synchronizing gas exchanging parameters were measured by wireless portable remote sensing K4B^2 gas analyzer, 51 normal controls were compared. Results The six-minute walk distance （6MWD） of 5 patients were （592.6 ± 26.7 ） m （558 - 625 ） m, the ascending tendency during exercise was slower, the maximum heart rates were 80% ± 6% of age-predicting maximal heart rate, lower than normal control （86%） ; the end point VO2/kg were （21.8 ± 1.4 ） mL/min · kg （ 19. 94 - 23.60） mL/min · kg. Conclusions The 6WMD and VO2 of 5 patients reached normal range, but the heart rate chronotropic response and VO2 ascending tendency were slower than those of normal controls.     

血尿酸水平与心血管疾病相关性的研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高、饮食结构的改变和人口老龄化,近年来我国高尿酸血症（HUA）患者己达1．2亿人,成为继高血压、高血脂、高血糖之后的第四高[1]。过去人们一直认为,尿酸升高带来的主要问题是痛风性关节炎、痛风石及肾脏尿酸性结石的形成[2]。自1951年Gertler等[3]首次将尿酸描述为心血管疾病一个可能的危险因素后,60多年过去了,人们逐渐发现高尿酸血症与心血管疾病之间存在着一定的联系。     

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ2 Pro12Ala and C-689T Polymorphisms and Haplotypes Affect the Profiles of Coronary Heart Disease in Diabetic Chinese People

Objectives Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2（PPARγ2） variant Pro12Ala was demonstrated with risk of coronary heart disease （CHD） and type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. Another variant C-689T in the promoter was reported with lower receptor activity but lack of reports on association between C-689T and CHD or T2DM. Methods A total of 351 subjects without CHD and T2DM （controls） and 125 patients with CHD and T2DM （cases） were enrolled in our case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） was used to detect Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms. And effects on CHD merged with T2DM of the two polymorphisms were analyzed in individual and haplotype analyses. Results In the study, Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala genotype frequencies were 92.9%, 6.8% and 0.3% in controls; 92.8%, 7.2% and 0.0% in cases respectively whilst CC, CT and TT genotype frequencies were 93.4%, 6.3% and 0.3% in controls; 92.8%, 7.2% and 0.0% in cases respectively. Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium （D＇=0.81, P=0.000） and the observed haplotype frequency of Pro-C, Pro-T, Ala-C and Ala-T was 0.957, 0.006, 0.008 and 0.028 respectively. No significant associations were detected between the two polymorphisms and CHD merged with T2DM in either individual or haplotype analyses. In subjects with obesity [body mass index （BMI）≥25 kg/m^2], we found that both Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms were associated with BMI. In haplotype analyses, we found that Pro12Ala and C-689T haplotypes had associations with systolic blood pressure in total population, with BMI, waist circle and total cholesterol（TC） in obesity subgroup and with fasting blood glucose and TC in males. Conclusions PPARγ2 Pro12Ala and C-689T polymorphisms and haplotypes affect the profiles of CHD merged with T2DM in Chinese Han people.     

Changes of Plasma Levels of Brain With Chronic Heart Failure before Natriuretic Peptide in Patients and after Carvedilol Treatment

Objectives To investigate the changes of plasma brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） concentrations in patients with chronic heart failure （CHF） before and after carvedilol treatment. Methods Plasma BNP concentrations of patients with CHF （n = 56） before and after carvedilol treatment and of normal controls （n = 60） were measured with specific radioimmunoassay. Left ventricular ejection fraction of patients with CHF before and after carvedilol was measured with 99mTc gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy. Results The results showed that plasma BNP concentrations of patients with CHF were significantly higher than that of normal controls [ （222. 65 ± 78.52） ng·L^-1 vs. （38.82 ± 15.31 ） ng·L^-1 , P 〈 0. 01 1. Plasma BNP concentrations had a significant negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fractions （r=-0. 68 ,P 〈 0. 01 ）. After three months treatment of carvedilol, plasma BNP concentrations fell to （79. 65 ±69.52 ）ng·L^-1 （P 〈 0. 01 ）, left ventricular ejection fractions increase from 34. 41% ± 4. 54% to 46. 51% ± 5.38 % （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusions These results indicate that plasma BNP concentrations are increased in patients with CHF, and markedly increased according to the severity of heart failure classified by NYHA classification. Carvedilol can markedly decrease plasma BNP concentrations and improve left ventricular function in patients with CHD.     

Cardioprotective effects of trimetazidine on patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block

Background The effects of trimetazidine on patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and left bundle branch block(LBBB) are not clear. Methods Sixty consecutive patients with DCM, LBBB and heart dysfunction(35% ≤ LVEF ≤ 45%) were randomly allocated to heart failure therapy plus trimetazidine group(20 mg three times a day; 30 patients) or heart failure therapy alone group(30 patients). During follow-up of 6months, QRS morphology, plasma NT-proBNP, 6-minute walk test(6MWT) and echocardiographic indexes were measured. Results At the 6th month, a significant functional improvement was noted in patients receiving trimetazidine added to heart failure treatment. In patients from the trimetazidine group, an increase of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was noted(from 38 ± 5.5% to 47 ± 7.1%, P = 0.020). The increase of LVEF in the trimetazidine group was associated with a more significant reduction of the left ventricular endsystolic diameter(LVESD) compared with the control group at 6-month follow-up. The NT-pro BNP levels decreased significantly in the trimetazidine group(3.11 ± 0.47 at baseline and 2.77 ± 0.45 at 6-month followup, P 0.01) and the 6MWT increased significantly in the trimetazidine group(325 ± 44 m at baseline and419 ± 56 m at 6-month follow-up, P 0.01). The differences in NT-pro BNP levels(2.77 ± 0.45 vs 2.96 ±0.46, P = 0.036) and 6MWT(419 ± 56 m vs 366 ± 54 m, P = 0.032) between the two groups were significant at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions Trimetazidine can improve LV function caused by DCM and LBBB. The positive effects of trimetazidine on LV function are especially evident in patients with optimization of drug therapy for heart failure, which strongly suggests an additive effect of these therapy modalities.     

Comparison of Ventricular Electrophysiological Effects of Amiodarone in Canine Models With Congestive Heart Failure and Normal Dogs

Objectives This study compared the effects of amiodarone on ventricular electrophysiological properties in normal dogs and CHF dogs. Methods Dogs （n=44） were randomized into four groups： Group 1 （n=10） was the control. Group 2 （n=10） was given amiodarone orally 300 mg·d^-1 for 4 to 5 weeks. Group 3 （n=12） was the congestive heart failure （CHF） models induced by right ventricular rapid pacing （240 pulses·min^-1 for 4 to 5 weeks）. Group 4 （n=12） was the CHF models given amiodarone orally 300 mg·d^-1 for 4 to 5 weeks. The ventricular electrophysiological variables were evaluated by standard electric stimulation and monophasic action potential （MAP） recording. Results Amiodarone prolonged sinus cycle length （SCL）, intra-ventricular conduction time （IVCT）, MAP duration （MAPD90）, ventricular effective period （VERP）, ventricular activation time （VAT） and ventricular recovery time （VRT） without significant effects on the ratio of VERP to MAPD90 （VERP/MAPD90）, ventricular fibrillation threshold （VFT）, the dispersion of VRT （VRT-D）, and ventricular late repolarization duration （VLRD） in normal dogs. However, amiodarone did not further prolong the prolonged SCL, MAPD90, VERP, VAT and VRT, but further prolonged IVCT in CHF dogs. Amiodarone normalized the abnormal ventricular electrophysiological properties in CHF dogs as manifested by increasing the decreased VERP/MAPD90 and VFT, shortening the prolonged VLRD, and decreasing the increased VRT-D. Amiodarone did not worsen the hemodynamic parameters in normal and CHF dogs. Conclusions Amiodarone had different effects on ventricular electrophysiological properties in normal and CHF dogs. The favorable effects of amiodarone in normalizing some abnormal cardiac electrophysiological properties in CHF models may have potential value on the prevention and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in CHF.     

Vacuum sealing drainage technique in the treatment of poor healing wounds after heart valve surgery： experience in cardiac nursing

Background Poor wound healing or postoperative infection after open-heart surgery is most commonly seen. If not treated in time or the infection progresses, it can lead to sternal infection, even mediastinal and pericardial infection, causing a higher mortality rate. Vacuum sealing drainage(VSD) is a new technology to promote wound healing. We studied the use of VSD technique in poor wound healing after heart valve surgery to see if it could achieve good therapeutic efficacy. Methods From 2013 October to 2014 October in Guangdong General Hospital, 86 cases of the application of vacuum sealing drainage technique in the treatment of cardiac nonunion after valve replacement in patients with nursing observation. The treatment time, death rate and infection rate, etc were compared. Results Wound healing time of 86 patients receiving vacuum sealing drainage was 14.6 ± 3.6 days, and no patient died. Two patients came back to hospital for repair due to dehiscence of the incision after discharge. Conclusion Nursing observation and drainage management were the key of VSD. VSD technique is worthy to be popularized clinically.     

The Treatment of Ostial Coronary Arteriopathy Secondary to Thoracic Irradiation With Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting： A Case Report and Review of Literatures

Objectives We report a case in which a patient who suffered from angina secondary to mediastinal irradiation and have been treated by off-pump coronary artery bypass （OPCAB） in our hospital since 3 years ago. A 34-year-old man presented with angina for 8 years after receiving radiation therapy for Hodgkin＇s lymphoma. We retrospectively reviewed all the cases of OPCAB in our hospital and followed-up data for up to 3 years post-operatively. Mediastinal irradiation is probably the cause of significant ostial stenosis of left main coronary and right coronary artery. OPCAB grafting was performed on this patient 3 years ago. His angina disappeared after operation, and he recovered well during follow-up. Conclusions Patients with malignancies who have received mediastinal irradiation should be carefully followed up and routinely screened for the premature development of coronary artery disease. OPCAB may be an appropriate treatment for coronary artery disease caused by mediastinal irradiation.     

颈动脉高分辨磁共振成像预测冠心病的价值

目前心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease,CVD）在美国已成为死亡的主要原因[1],其发病率在国内也逐年升高并呈年轻化趋势,且死亡率已超过肿瘤,成为严重危害人民健康的第一杀手,其中最常见的病种为冠心病.研究发现,急性心血管事件的元凶超过2/3发生于非显著狭窄性病变,由斑块破裂造成[2],因此血管壁病变而不是血管腔病变才是各种心脑血管病发生和发展的基础[3].对于动脉轻度狭窄的患者,仅了解血管的狭窄程度己不能全面反映病变的严重程度,对动脉粥样硬化斑块成分分析及稳定性的判断逐渐受到人们的重视.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病的饮食治疗

随着高脂肪高热量膳食的盛行、生活节奏的加快和多坐少动生活方式的流行,肥胖、糖尿病及其相关非酒精性脂肪性肝病（Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases,NAFLD）已成为愈来愈重要的慢性非传染性流行病。在重度肥胖症患者中,NAFLD的发病率高达90%,其中20%～30%为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）,高达8%患者已发展至肝硬化阶段。