二乙基二巯基氨基甲酸钠对环磷酰胺致免疫低下小白鼠兔疫功能的影响

采用碳廓清除率;迟发型超敏反应;免疫器官重量和血清溶血素生成。结果显示体内给药的DTC可以显著增强DNFB所致小鼠迟发型超敏反应,显著增加小白鼠胸腺和腺脏的重量,高剂量时显著增强小鼠血清溶血素的生成,能显著增强小鼠的碳廓清除率,说明,DTC可增强环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能。     

苦参碱对免疫功能低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察苦参碱对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响,寻找苦参碱治疗慢性乙型肝炎的可能机制。方法采用环磷酰胺建立免疫低下小鼠模型,小鼠腹腔注射苦参碱后,观察苦参碱对小鼠网状内皮系统吞噬廓清能力、对T淋巴细胞酯酶染色率、对二硝基氯苯所致迟发型超敏反应的影响、和对小鼠血清溶血素抗体的影响。结果苦参碱能抑制T淋巴细胞酯酶染色率,增强网状内皮系统的吞噬能力,但对迟发型超敏反应和血清溶血素抗体无明显影响。结论苦参碱对免疫低下小鼠的细胞免疫具有明显抑制作用,并增强其非特异性免疫。     

清肝利胆浸膏免疫调节作用的实验研究

目的：初步观察清肝利胆浸膏的免疫调节作用。方法：测定小鼠血清溶血素、碳粒廓清指数和DNFB迟发超敏反应，观察对体液免疫、非特异性免疫及细胞免疫功能的影响。结果：清肝利胆浸膏能显著提高免疫抑制小鼠的溶血素水平，明显提高正常动物网状内皮系统的吞噬功能，抑制DNFB迟发型超敏反应。结论：清肝利胆浸膏对免疫功能有明显的调节作用。     

清解利感合剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：考察清解利感合剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响,为临床应用提供实验依据。方法：采用小鼠碳粒廓清实验,观察清解利感合剂对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响;采用小鼠迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素生成实验,观察清解利感合剂对小鼠特异性细胞免疫及体液免疫的影响。结果：清解利感合剂以2．5、5、10、20mL／kg的剂量连续灌胃给药7d,能明显增强免疫低下小鼠单核吞噬细胞系统的吞噬功能及促进血清溶血素生成,但对正常小鼠无明显影响;能增强免疫低下小鼠DNFB诱发的迟发型超敏反应,对正常小鼠则有抑制趋势。结论：清解利感合剂能增强免疫低下小鼠的非特异性和特异性细胞及体液免疫功能。     

人参根总皂甙对效应激小鼠免疫功能的影响

小鼠在45℃高温环境下暴露15min,其网状内皮系统对碳粒的廓清作用明显降低,血清溶血素含量显著下降,绵羊红细胞(SRBC)诱发的迟发型超敏反应明显受到抑制.应激前15min人参根总皂甙(GRS)50、100 mg·kg~(-1),ip,对小鼠的免疫功能有保护作用,可使热应激小鼠网状内皮系统对碳粒的廓清作用免于下降,防止血清溶血素含量的降低,迟发超敏反应不受抑制.     

安多霖对免疫功能影响的保护作用

目的观察安多霖胶囊（ADL）对受环磷酰胺（CTX）抑制的S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法采用灌胃给药,观察ADL对S180o荷瘤小鼠注射CTX后引起的碳廓清率、脾淋巴细胞增殖速度减慢;迟发超敏反应和血清溶血素生成受抑制的影响。结果ADL可使S180荷瘤小鼠受CTX抑制的碳廓清率显著改善,受抑制的脾淋巴细胞增殖速度明显加快;受抑制的迟发超敏反应水平明显提高;受抑制的血清溶血素生成明显改善。结论ADL对受CTX抑制的非特异性免疫、细胞免疫和体液免疫均有明显改善作用。     

补肾延寿胶囊的免疫药理作用

目的 研究补肾延寿胶囊对免疫系统功能的影响.方法 采用小鼠碳粒廓清、植物血凝素(PHA)刺激淋巴细胞转化、血清溶血素含量、迟发型超敏反应等实验.结果 补肾延寿胶囊能显著增强正常小鼠单核细胞吞噬功能和PHA刺激的淋巴细胞转化,明显增加氢化泼尼松所致免疫功能低下小鼠的脾、胸腺指数和血清溶血素含量,对小鼠迟发型超敏反应也有一定抑制作用.结论 补肾延寿胶囊有免疫调节作用.     

阿比朵尔对小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的观察阿比朵尔(Ar)对小鼠的干扰素诱导和免疫调节作用。 方法观察3种剂量Ar灌胃对正常小鼠不同时间血清干扰素(IFN)含量的影响，对正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数、对氢化可的松(Hc) 形成免疫功能低下小鼠的碳廓清指数和迟发型超敏反应、对正常和环磷酰胺(Cy)所致免疫低下小鼠血清溶血素含量的影响。结果小鼠给予Ar后6～24 h，血清中均出现INF，高峰在用药后18 h。Ar灌胃5 d使正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能增强，使免疫低下小鼠碳廓清指数和迟发型超敏反应增强，使正常小鼠和免疫低下小鼠血清溶血素含量升高。结论Ar对小鼠具有明显的体内诱生干扰素作用，对正常和免疫低下小鼠的非特异性免疫功能、体液和细胞免疫功能具有增强作用。     

芒果苷对小鼠免疫功能影响的初步研究

目的：研究芒果苷对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：应用氢化可的松复制免疫低下模型；测定胸腺、脾脏重量并计算脏器系数；碳粒廓清法测定单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能；比色法测定血清溶血素IgG、IgM含量；MTT法测定细胞增殖。结果：在50、100mg／kg剂量下，芒果苷能对抗氢化可的松引起的小鼠脾、胸腺萎缩；显著增加氢化可的松免疫抑制小鼠的碳粒廓清率；增加小鼠血清溶血素IgG、IgM的生成；芒果苷还能显著增强小鼠脾细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的增殖。结论：芒果苷能增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能和体液免疫功能。     

复方蚂蚁酒对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨复方蚂蚁酒对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法观察复方蚂蚁酒对老年小鼠的免疫器官重量及外周血白细胞数和正常小鼠的碳粒廓清作用及迟发型超敏反应的影响。结果复方蚂蚁酒能使老年小鼠已退化的胸腺重量和白细胞数明显增加,使正常小鼠的碳粒廓清吞噬指数和吞噬系数显著提高,对二硝基氟苯诱导的小鼠迟发型超敏反应有明显抑制作用。结论方蚂蚁酒对免疫机能低下和正常小鼠的免疫功能有增强作用,对T细胞介导的迟发型超敏反应有抑制作用。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.