青蒿琥酯对小鼠免疫功能的影响(英文)

目的:研究青蒿琥酯对小鼠免疫功能的影响. 方法:溶血素含量用分光光度法测定,血清IgG和C3含量用单向免疫扩散法测定,淋巴细胞转化率、巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数镜检计数.结果:青蒿琥酯im 75 mg kg~(-1) bidfor 5—7d能降低SRBC致敏小鼠血清溶血素和IgG的含量,抑制抗体生成,但增加疟鼠补体C3的含量.青蒿琥酯能促进PHA诱导的小鼠体内淋巴细胞转化,能提高DNFB所致的迟发型超敏反应,并减少腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数.结论:青蒿琥酯对体液免疫有抑制作用,但对细胞免疫有促进作用.     

茜草双酯对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用(英文)

目的:研究茜草双酯对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:采用免疫药理学常用方法即血清溶菌酶含量的测定,迟发型超敏反应的测定,血清溶血素的测定,[~3H]TdR参入的小鼠全血白细胞吞噬能力的测定,鼠脾空斑形成细胞溶血能力的测定,T和B淋巴细胞转化能力的测定.结果:茜草双酯125,500,2000mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)降低血清溶菌酶含量和全血白细胞吞噬功能;使PFC溶血能力和HC_(50)产生减少;抑制DTH反应;体内给药体外测定,抑制[~3H]TdR参入的PHA与LPS诱导的淋巴细胞转化.以上作用呈一定的剂量依赖性.结论:茜草双酯对正常小鼠特异和非特异性免疫功能均有不同程度的抑制作用.     

肝舒胶囊对小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的 探讨肝舒胶囊的免疫调节作用.方法测定环磷酰胺(CY)免疫抑制小鼠的血清溶血素和正常小鼠的血清溶血素;测定氢化可的松(HC)免疫抑制小鼠网状内皮系统吞噬功能碳粒的廓清指数;测定二硝基氯苯(DNCB)诱导小鼠迟发型超敏反应小鼠耳的肿胀度.结果1.9、0.95 g·kg-1肝舒胶囊对CY所致小鼠血清溶血素低下有显著提高...     

贞芪扶正胶囊对免疫力低下小鼠免疫功能的影响研究

目的:研究贞芪扶正胶囊(ZQFZ)对免疫力低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:用环磷酰胺复制小鼠免疫功能低下模型,通过测定腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、迟发型超敏反应和溶血素抗体等指标,观察ZQFZ对小鼠非特异性免疫、细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的影响。结果:ZQFZ可显著促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,提高吞噬率和吞噬指数;显著增强二硝基氯苯所致迟发型超敏反应;提高血清溶血素抗体水平。结论:ZQFZ对免疫力低下小鼠免疫功能有显著促进作用。     

苦参碱对免疫功能低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察苦参碱对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响,寻找苦参碱治疗慢性乙型肝炎的可能机制。方法采用环磷酰胺建立免疫低下小鼠模型,小鼠腹腔注射苦参碱后,观察苦参碱对小鼠网状内皮系统吞噬廓清能力、对T淋巴细胞酯酶染色率、对二硝基氯苯所致迟发型超敏反应的影响、和对小鼠血清溶血素抗体的影响。结果苦参碱能抑制T淋巴细胞酯酶染色率,增强网状内皮系统的吞噬能力,但对迟发型超敏反应和血清溶血素抗体无明显影响。结论苦参碱对免疫低下小鼠的细胞免疫具有明显抑制作用,并增强其非特异性免疫。     

角燕胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 观察深海鱼类提取物角燕胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法从海洋大型软骨鱼角燕的有效部位中制备得到角燕胶囊,用0.043,0.087,0.26g·kg-1剂量的角燕胶囊给小鼠灌胃30d,观察其对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。结果 在0.087g·kg-1和0.26g·kg-1剂量,角燕胶囊能显著提高小鼠的血清溶血素含量、增加脾细胞的溶血空斑数、明显增强小鼠的碳廓清能力、促进小鼠的迟发型超敏反应、促进ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力、提高NK细胞的杀伤活性及腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。结论 角燕胶囊能明显调节机体的细胞免疫与体液免疫功能,促进NK细胞的杀伤活性及巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。     

可得力对小鼠免疫功能的作用

ig可得力能明显提高小鼠体内溶血素水平，升高淋巴细胞转化指数，促进迟发型超敏反应，桔抗环磷酰胺所致的白细胞减少。提示可得力能明显提高小鼠细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能。     

2-巯基-N-氧化吡啶钠的抗肿瘤及抑制免疫作用

2—巯基—N—氧化吡啶钠(巯氧吡啶钠Sodium Pyridineth-ione,SPT)在试管内0.01mg/L可抑制多种传代人癌细胞株;抑制细胞有丝分裂和损害细胞膜相结构;对动物移植性肿瘤无效,但明显增强氟脲嘧啶对小鼠S_(180)的抑瘤作用。使胸腺和脾脏重量明显减轻,抑制SRBC诱导小鼠血清溶血素反应,抑制DNCB诱导豚鼠皮肤迟发型超敏反应,抑制PHA诱导大鼠淋巴细胞转化。     

人参根总皂甙对效应激小鼠免疫功能的影响

小鼠在45℃高温环境下暴露15min,其网状内皮系统对碳粒的廓清作用明显降低,血清溶血素含量显著下降,绵羊红细胞(SRBC)诱发的迟发型超敏反应明显受到抑制.应激前15min人参根总皂甙(GRS)50、100 mg·kg~(-1),ip,对小鼠的免疫功能有保护作用,可使热应激小鼠网状内皮系统对碳粒的廓清作用免于下降,防止血清溶血素含量的降低,迟发超敏反应不受抑制.     

五味子宁神口服液的免疫调节作用研究

目的:研究五味子宁神口服液(WOL)的免疫调节作用.方法:采用测定小鼠碳粒廓清率、二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导小鼠迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素抗体IgM水平,以及测定ConA和LPS诱导的脾T、B淋巴细胞的增殖转化实验(MTT法).结果:WOL提高小鼠血清溶血素抗体IgM水平及免疫功能低下小鼠的吞噬指数、吞噬系数、耳肿胀度、脾和胸腺指数,增强ConA和LPS诱导的脾T、B淋巴细胞增殖转化反应.结论:WOL对小鼠具有一定的免疫增强作用.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Glycofection: The Ubiquitous Roles of Sugar Bound on Glycoplexes

Glycofection (transfection by using sugar-substituted polylysine) was assessed in order to provide an alternative to viral vectors for the transfer of genes into vascular smooth muscle cells. A rabbit vascular smooth muscle cell line (Rb-1 cells) was selectively transfected by using glycoplexes (glycosylated polylysine/pSV2LUC complexes) in the presence of 10 mu M of the fusogenic peptide GALA. A sugar-specific transfection was obtained when the glycofection was conducted for 1 h with glycoplexes containing either alpha Gal, alpha -Glc, alpha -GalNAc, beta -GlcNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues. The gene expression was high after transfection, with glycoplexes bearing alpha Gal, alpha -GalNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues that were weakly internalized, and low with glycoplexes carrying Lact or Rha residues that were well taken up by cells. These results suggest that 1) glycofection can be a good approach for a selective transfer of genes intovascular smooth muscle cells, 2) an efficient uptake of the glycoplexes is not the unique limiting step for an efficient transfection, and 3) the sugar-dependent trafficking of the glycoplexes inside the cells may account for the transfection efficiency.     

直肠癌下切缘病理组织学分析

目的探讨直肠癌逆向浸润与下切缘的安全距离的关系。方法对36例直肠癌Miles手术和Dixon手术后标本的肿瘤下缘1.0cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查,观察直肠癌逆向浸润或转移的距离。结果36例直肠癌标本距癌肿下缘1.0 cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查均为阴性,结论直肠癌远恻逆向浸润或转移未见超过1.0cm,因此认为保肛手术时切除肿瘤远侧肠管(包括系膜)2.0cm是安全的。