Bailey手法在小儿电子耳蜗植入术后苏醒期气道管理中的安全性和有效性

 目的   评价Bailey 手法在小儿电子耳蜗植入术后麻醉苏醒期气道管理的安全性和有效性。方法   50例ASA I~II级择期行电子耳蜗植入手术的先天性聋患儿在麻醉苏醒期随机分为Bailey 手法喉罩导气管(laryngeal mask airway,LMA)组(n=25)和气管插管(endo tracheal tube,ETT)组(n=25)。记录两组患儿拔管/罩时的呛咳反应和拔管后脉搏血氧饱和度(pulse oxygen saturation,SpO2)的情况。记录患儿各时间点的血流动力学数据:麻醉前 (T0)、拔管/罩前即刻 (T1)、拔管/罩后即刻 (T2)。结果   苏醒期LMA组和ETT组呛咳发生率分别为12%和80% (P<0.000 1);拔管后1 min LMA组平均SpO2高于ETT组 (P<0.05)。LMA组患儿拔管后无低氧发生,ETT组1例患儿出现重度呛咳及短暂SpO2下降至89%。LMA组患儿T1和 T2时平均动脉压 (mean arterial pressure,MAP)低于T0时 (P<0.05);ETT组患儿T2时心率 (heart rate,HR)及MAP较T0时显著升高 (P<0.05),T1和T2时ETT组MAP和HR均显著高于LMA组 (P<0.05)。结论   Bailey手法用于小儿麻醉苏醒期气道管理可有效避免拔管时呛咳和低氧状态,并有利于维持血流动力学稳定。     

插管型喉罩联合气管插管在俯卧位手术患者中疗效观察

目的探讨插管型喉罩(ILMA)联合气管插管在俯卧位手术患者中应用临床效果及安全性。方法 80例择期需俯卧位手术的患者通过随机数字表法分成两组,气管导管组(ET_组)和插管型喉罩组(ILMA组),各40例。ET组患者诱导麻醉后行气管插管,术后各项拔管指征恢复后拔除气管导管。ILMA组患者诱导麻醉后先插入配套喉罩,5 min后气管导管经插管型喉罩置入,术后平卧位后深麻醉下拔除气管导管,留置喉罩,待各项拔管指征恢复后拔除喉罩。记录两组T_0(麻醉诱导前),T_1(诱导用药后插入喉罩或气管导管前),T_2(气管导管插入时),T_3(切皮时),T_4(术中),T_5(拔除气管导管或喉罩时)5个时段的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)。且观察苏醒期间的苏醒时间(T_6)、自主呼吸恢复时间(T_7),以及评估苏醒期间的并发症如躁动、恶心呕吐等发生情况。结果 ILMA组T_2、T_5时段HR、MAP显著低于ET组(P0.05);术后苏醒质量方面,ILMA组T_6、T_7显著短于ET组(P0.05),术后呛咳、躁动发生率也显著低于ET组(P0.05)。结论俯卧位手术的患者麻醉时采用插管型喉罩全麻的血流动力学更稳定,术后麻醉苏醒质量更高,安全性及可控性好。     

喉罩在小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术中的应用

目的 探讨喉罩通气(LMA)用于小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术的安全性与效果.方法 选择40例单纯腹腔镜阑尾炎手术患儿,随机分成喉罩组(LMA组)20例和气管插管组(TT组)20例.采用相同诱导与维持药物,根据患儿年龄、体重选择合适型号的喉罩/气管导管置入.记录麻醉诱导前(A0)、麻醉诱导后(A1)、插入喉罩/气管导管后即刻(A2)、插入喉罩/气管导管后10 min(A3)、拔管后即刻(A4)、拔管后10 min(A5)各时点的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2,插入喉罩/气管导管后监测PETCO2、Ppeak,记录手术持续时间、术拔管时间、复苏时间,并观察术后相关并发症.记录苏醒期患儿躁动、呛咳、拔喉罩/气管导管后出现呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐的例数及程度.记录术后3 d咽喉不适、声嘶出现的例数.结果 两种方法 都能满意地完成手术,在拔喉罩/气管导管时间、复苏时间、苏醒期躁动、咽喉不适并发症方面LMA组优于TT组.结论 LMA用于小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除手术对呼吸循环影响小、对气道损伤小、并发症少,值得推广应用.     

双管喉罩在临床麻醉中的应用

目的探讨在临床麻醉中应用双管喉罩(LMA-Supreme)的适应症、可行性及安全性。方法选择Malapet I-Ⅲ级的患者60例,按照Malapet分级随机分为2组,双管喉罩组(LMA,n:30)与气管插管组(ET,n:30),对麻醉诱导前、置管(喉罩)即刻、拔管(喉罩)即刻SBP、DBP、MBP、HR和Sp O2进行记录,术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼、维库溴胺的用量,比较术毕苏醒时间、复苏期躁动、咽部不适发生率。结果两组首次置管成功率分别为97%和94%(P0.05),丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼及维库溴胺用量,ET组明显多于LMA组(P0.05);苏醒时间ET组明显长于LMA组(P0.05);置管(喉罩)即刻及拔管(喉罩)即刻DBP、MBP和HR差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术毕苏醒期ET组有5例出现躁动,拔管后有3例主诉咽痛不适。结论本组研究结果显示,双管喉罩全麻,术中循环稳定、气道安全,用药量明显减少,为临床麻醉较佳方案。     

喉罩与气管导管在麻醉苏醒期的比较

目的 比较麻醉苏醒期拔除喉罩与气管内导管发生的气道不良事件与血流动力学的变化.方法 选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行腹部手术,无气道梗阻,张口受限等喉罩禁忌症的全麻患者60例,随机分为两组:喉罩组(A组)和气管内导管组(B组),每组30例,手术结束时(T1),拔除即刻(T2),拔除后5min时(T3)的SBP,DBP,HR及spO2,并询问患者是否咽痛,记录发生咽痛,呛咳及低氧血症的病例数.结果 喉罩组较气管内导管组呛咳反应少,低氧血症和咽痛的发生率低,血流动力学变化也小.结论 麻醉苏醒期拔除喉罩比气管内导管不良气道事件发生率低.应激反应小,更有利于麻醉苏醒期的麻醉管理.     

不同全身麻醉管理方式与早产儿眼底手术临床结局

目的: 探讨在矫正胎龄<60周的早产儿眼底手术中,不同全身麻醉管理方式对临床结局的影响。方法: 选择2016年11月至2018年10月于北京大学人民医院行全身麻醉下眼底手术、出生孕周<37周、矫正胎龄<60周的早产儿病例资料进行回顾性分析。所有患儿实施七氟醚吸入诱导与维持,气道管理工具为喉罩(laryngeal mask airway,LMA)或气管内导管(endotracheal tube, ETT)。根据麻醉管理方法分为LMA组(置入喉罩,压力支持通气)和ETT组(肌松剂+气管插管,压力控制通气)两组,主要观察指标包括围术期并发症及不良事件,次要观察指标包括术毕拔管时间和住院时间。结果: 168例早产儿纳入本研究,LMA组68例,ETT组100例。术中不良事件(包括更换气道管理工具、更换通气模式和低氧血症)LMA组3例(4.4%), ETT组1例(1.0%), 组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.364)。术毕拔管时间中位数(四分位数)LMA组和ETT组分别为6(5,10) min和10(6, 19) min(P<0.001);术毕拔管困难(拔管时间>30 min)的比例LMA组显著低于ETT组(4.4% vs. 15.0%,RR=0.262, 95% CI: 0.073~0.942, P=0.029)。LMA组呼吸系统并发症14例(20.6%), ETT组27例(27.0%), 组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.342);其中LMA组呼吸暂停发生率较ETT组显著降低(4.4% vs.15.0%, RR=0.266, 95%CI: 0.086~0.822, P=0.015)。两组心血管系统并发症(0% vs. 1.0%, P=1.000)及意外转新生儿重症监护室发生率(5.9% vs. 7.0%, P=0.774)差异均无统计学意义。所有患儿均未出现气道痉挛、二次插管/喉罩、反流误吸并发症。患儿返病房后,不良事件发生率组间差异无统计学意义(0% vs. 2.0%, P=0.241)。LMA组住院时间中位数为20(17,22) h,较ETT组 22(17,68) h显著缩短(P=0.002)。结论: 与使用肌松剂行气管插管的全麻管理模式相比,无肌松剂置入喉罩的管理模式用于早产儿眼底手术可缩短术后拔管时间,降低术后苏醒期呼吸暂停的风险。     

LMA(Supreme)喉罩复合静脉全麻应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床观察

目的:比较LMA(Supreme)喉罩和气管插管复合静脉全麻用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床效果。方法:将60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级、无严重心、肺功能异常,无口咽部疾患及困难气道,择期LC手术的患者随机分为两组,每组各30例。喉罩组置入LMA(Supreme)喉罩全麻,气管插管组置入加强型气管导管全麻。观察插管(喉罩)期间、手术期间、拔管(喉罩)期间血压、心率变化情况;手术期间血氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳分压变化;手术期间胃肠胀气情况及术后并发症情况。结果:两组麻醉诱导后、手术期间血压均较基础值明显降低,喉罩组胃肠胀气发生率(0例)明显低于气管插管组(18例)(P0.01),喉罩组拔管期呛咳、体动发生率(4例)明显低于气管插管组(16例)(P0.01)。结论:LMA(Supreme)喉罩复合静脉全麻血流动力学平稳,与气管插管比较,操作简单,并发症少,可安全有效地应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术。     

双腔Supreme喉罩用于妇科手术患者的通气效果

目的 评价双腔Supreme喉罩(SLAM)用于全身麻醉下妇科手术患者的通气效果.方法 80例择期全身麻醉下接受妇科手术的患者分为SLAM运用组(S组)和气管插管组(T组),每组40例.麻醉诱导后S组置入Supreme喉罩,T组在喉镜直视下插入气管导管.记录两组患者一般情况,置人Supreme喉罩或插入气管导管的时间和情况.记录术中两组各时点心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、气道峰压(Ppeak)的数值.记录Supreme喉罩头中位、屈曲位、过伸位和侧位时的气道密封效果.应用纤支镜插入通气管检查Supreme喉罩对位情况.记录经引流管插入胃管成功次数,拔除喉罩或气管导管后低氧血症、呛咳、恶心呕吐、声嘶、咽喉痛、反流误吸等不良反应的发生情况.记录麻醉时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间.结果 与T组比较,S组置管时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间缩短;拔除喉罩后低氧血症、呛咳、咽喉痛的发生率较低.两组患者均无反流误吸发生.T组插入气管导管后1 min和5 min的HR与MAP明显高于S组(P＜0.05).两组各时点SpO2、PETCO2和Ppeak均在正常范围内,组间比较差异无统计意义(P＞0.05).S组气道密封压为(25±4) cmH2O,不同头位不影响S组患者气道密封效果.胃管放置成功率100％.纤支镜证实SLAM位置好.结论 SLAM气道密封性可靠,可行正压通气且通气效果好,心血管功能稳定,拔除后不良反应发生少且苏醒快,可安全有效地用于妇科手术患者的全身麻醉气道管理.     

喉罩全麻在颅内血管狭窄介入治疗中的应用

目的观察喉罩全麻在颅内血管狭窄介入治疗中的应用。方法 30例颅内血管狭窄介入治疗患者随机分为喉罩组(L组)和气管内插管组(T组)各15例。常规静脉诱导,均一次插管(罩)成功,观察插、拔管(罩)时的MAP和HR以及拔管(罩)期的呛咳和体动不良反应。结果两组患者在麻醉诱导前、置入气管导管(罩)前的MAP、HR均无显著差异(P>0.05)。诱导后两组患者MAP、HR均显著下降(P<0.01)。L组在喉罩插入前后和拔除喉罩前后MAP、HR均轻度上升,但无显著变化(P>0.05);T组在气管导管插入前后和苏醒拔管前后MAP、HR显著升高(P<0.01)。T组与L组呛咳(P<0.01)、体动(P<0.05)比较有统计学差异。结论喉罩全麻对颅内血管狭窄介入治疗术比气管插管全麻更平稳和安全。     

Supreme双管喉罩与气管插管在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中的比较

目的:比较Supreme双管喉罩与气管插管在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中的应用效果。方法:择期妇科腹腔镜手术患者60例,按照随机双盲原则分为Supreme双管喉罩组(S组)和气管插管组(T组),经静脉麻醉诱导后,记录两组插入喉罩(导管)成功率、肺通气情况;记录插入前(T_1)、插入即刻(T_2)、插入后2 min(T_3)、拔除喉罩(拔管)前(T_4)、拔除即刻(T_5)、拔除后3 min(T6)的HR、SBP、DBP;监测气道峰压(Pmax)、气道平台压(Pmean)、Sp O2、PETCO2;苏醒期躁动、术后呛咳、咽喉痛、声嘶等并发症。结果:两组患者的年龄、身高、体重、手术时间、麻醉时间、拔管(罩)时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组插入成功率均为100%;诱导前后两组SBP、DBP和HR比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);与T组比较,S组置入喉罩或拨除喉罩后,即在T_2、T_3、T_5、T6时HR较慢,SBP、DBP较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组Pmax、Pmean、PETCO2值各时点比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);与T组比较,S组苏醒期呛咳、术后声嘶、咽喉痛发生率均较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);S组胃管放置顺利,成功率为100%,气道密封压(25±4)cm H2O,两组均未发生返流、误吸。结论:妇科腹腔镜手术中Supreme双管喉罩可以达到与气管插管相同的安全有效的通气效果,并且对血流动力学影响小,不良反应少。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.