Position and speed sensorless control for IPMSM based on estimation of position error

In most variable‐speed drives of PMSM, some type of shaft sensor such as an optical encoder or resolver is connected to the rotor shaft. However, such sensor presents several disadvantages such as drive cost, machine size, reliability, and noise immunity. Therefore, the sensorless control of PMSM is desired and various sensorless control strategies have been investigated. This paper presents a novel sensorless control strategy for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A new model of IPMSM using an extended electromotive force (EMF) in the rotating reference frame is utilized in order to estimate both position and speed. The extended EMF is estimated by the least‐order observer, and the estimation position error is directly obtained. The proposed scheme corrects the estimated position and speed so that the estimation position error becomes zero. The proposed system is very simple and the design of the controller is easy. Several drive tests are carried out and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 144(2): 43–52, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www. interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10180     

永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制研究

介绍了在估算的两相旋转坐标系下的永磁同步电机模型,推导出了反电动势方程的扩展形式。针对凸极永磁同步电机提出了在电动机低速时,利用凸极跟踪法和在高速时利用反电动势相结合来获得转子转速和转子位置的方法。仿真结果表明两者相结合的估算方法的有效性。     

Position sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using extended electromotive force

Driving a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) requires the rotor position information to control the motor torque, and this is generally detected by mechanical position sensors such as an encoder or a resolver. However, these sensors increase the machine size and the cost of the drive, and reduce reliability of the system. Therefore, many papers about position sensorless drive method of PMSM have been published. This paper presents a position sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A mathematical model of IPMSM using the extended electromotive force (EMF) in the rotating reference frame is utilized to estimate the rotor speed and position. This model has a simple structure integrating position information into the extended EMF term. Therefore, the sensorless control based on the mathematical motor model can be implemented simply. The estimation method proposed is based on the principle that the error of the current is proportional to that of extended EMF. This method was carried out using a 6‐pole, 400‐W, 1750 r/min test motor system. It was found that sensorless speed control was achieved from 80 r/min to 1800 r/min under 0 to 100%loads. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(3): 41–48, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20406     

Position and speed sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor with parameter identification

The model parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are required for high‐performance control and a model‐based sensorless control. This paper proposes a sensorless control system of PMSM that does not need parametric information beforehand. The parameters of a PMSM drive system, including the inverter, are identified at standstill and under operating conditions. At first, the initial rotor position is estimated by a signal injection sensorless scheme in which the machine parameters are not required. After the initial position has been estimated, the resistance, including the on resistance of the IGBT, the voltage error caused by dead time in the inverter, and d‐axis and q‐axis inductances, are identified at standstill. After the motor starts by the signal injection sensorless control, the sensorless scheme changes to an extended EMF estimation scheme. The estimated parameters for the resistance, and daxis and q‐axis inductances are used in such sensorless control. The magnet flux‐linkage, which cannot be estimated at standstill, is identified under the sensorless operation at medium and high speeds. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by several experimental results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(2): 68–76, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20548     

基于离散反电动势估计的永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制

针对高速永磁同步电机(PMSM)的无速度传感器控制问题,提出了一种基于离散反电动势估计的PMSM无速度传感器控制策略。实施离散反电动势估计的设计有三点:首先,设计了离散dq电流观测器以消除反电动势估计中的电感交叉耦合效应;然后,设计了延迟补偿模型以补偿数模转换引起的电压误差,同时设计了较为精确的离散模型,以克服由数字实现导致的估计反电动势和实际反电动势之间的偏差;最后,开展了高速PMSM驱动试验,试验结果验证了所提出的高速PMSM无速度传感器控制方案的性能。     

永磁同步电机无位置传感器鲁棒无源控制

提出一种永磁同步电机无位置传感器鲁棒无源控制方法。首先,建立了永磁同步电机耗散哈密顿数学模型。其次,在耗散哈密顿数学模型的基础上,设计了永磁同步电机鲁棒无源控制器,有效提高了永磁同步电机控制系统电流环和转速环的抗扰动性能和动态响应性能。与此同时,设计一种基于反电势的新型锁相环对转子位置和转速进行进一步估算,避免引入反正切函数和微分运算带来的转子位置估计抖振问题。实验结果验证了提出的无源控制方法的有效性。     

一种永磁同步电机宽速域无传感器系统的控制策略

设计了一种改进型滑模观测器(SMO)实现永磁同步电机(PMSM)无传感器宽速域控制。使用反电动势观测器替代低通滤波器,避免了转子位置信息滞后的问题。在定子电流计算中引入随转速自适应调节反馈系数的反电动势反馈,减小了系统抖振,使宽速域下转子转速和位置估计更加精确。采用锁相环技术(PLL)来抑制高频信息,提取出准确的转子位置。基于d SPACE搭建了PMSM的快速控制原型试验平台,对无传感器控制系统进行了稳态和动态试验,结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于基波PWM激励的双三相永磁同步电机低速和零速无位置传感器控制

现有的针对双三相永磁同步电机(PMSM)的无位置传感器算法主要是依靠提取反电动势来估计转速和转子位置,在低速和零速的运行条件下将会失效。研究了一种基于基波脉宽调制(PWM)激励的双三相PMSM无位置传感器算法,在低速和零速运行条件下仍能准确跟踪转子位置。该方法利用双三相电机的数学模型和双三相电机的饱和凸极效应,提取包含在一个PWM周期电流变化率中的转子位置信息,从而实现无传感器控制。通过在仿真环境建立仿真模型验证了该算法的正确性。最后在双三相PMSM试验平台上验证了各种工况下算法的可靠性。     

基于 PLL 自适应滑模观测器的 PMSM 无传感器控制

针对传统滑模观测器无传感器控制方法反电动势基波中高频谐波含量高、抖振严重以及转子位置估计误差大等问题, 提出了一种锁相环结构(PLL)自适应滑模观测器永磁同步电机无传感器控制方法。 首先,在满足 Lyapunov 稳定性的前提下,推 导并建立了反电动势的自适应律,通过构造自适应滑模观测器,使得反电动势观测误差迅速衰减;同时采用带有消除旋转影响 环节的锁相环得到转子位置,消除了转速变化的影响,进一步提高了观测精度;最后,在一台 2. 9 kW 表贴式永磁同步电机上进 行了实验验证。 实验结果表明,该方法有效地抑制了滑模抖振,降低了反电动势中的高频谐波,提高了转子位置的观测精度。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制

为实现永磁同步电机(PMSM)的无传感器控利,引入扩展卡尔曼滤波对转子位置和转速进行估计,该算法通过测量电机端电压和定子电流在线估计转子位置和速度.为提高PMSM转速估计精度,以两相静止坐标系下考虑转动惯量的PMSM实际模型为递推估计对象,搭建转速、电流双闭环的无传感器矢量控制系统.仿真结果表明,系统状态估计精度较高、运行稳定、超调小、动静态性能良好.     

改进的滑模观测器实现PMSM无传感器控制

无传感器控制技术能提高永磁同步电机驱动系统可靠性、环境适应性,且降低系统成本。基于一阶滑模观测器的无位置控制系统中,低通滤波器提取反电动势时,将产生相位延迟和幅值衰减,常需相位补偿环节。随着转速降低,补偿环节的补偿作用变差,位置估计误差增大,带载能力大大下降;且现场应用中,理想的补偿系数不易得到,系统调试难度较大。针对该问题,提出用自适应复数滤波器替代低通滤波器的无位置控制实现方法。自适应复数滤波器具有零相移、无衰减的优良特性,能在较宽速域内实现反电动势的精确提取,故无需相位补偿环节。仿真和实验结果表明,所提策略简化了系统结构、大大提升了带载能力,且系统颤振不再随转速降低而增大,而呈现等颤振水平。     

Position Sensorless Control for IPMSM Based on Extended EMF and Voltage Injection Synchronized with Pulse‐Width Modulation Carrier

This paper presents a new position sensorless control system for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed method is based on the extended electromotive force (EMF) and voltage injection synchronized with a pulse‐width modulation carrier. The proposed method does not need to switch the estimation method by speed in order to estimate the magnetic pole position by extended EMF, even at low speeds. Further, the amplitude of the superimposing voltage is changed according to the extended EMF; the applied voltage is not saturated in the high‐load and high‐speed regions. The effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control system was verified experimentally.     

灰色预测法PMSM无传感器控制系统

为了满足永磁电机无位置传感器运行对转子位置和速度估算的需要,在分析永磁同步电机(PMSM)数学模型的基础上,提出基于灰色理论的估算新方法,建立了永磁同步电机无位置传感器矢量控制系统,并在DSP芯片TMS320LF2407A上得到实现.实验结果表明,所提出的控制方法很好地解决了控制过程中转子速度、位置的估计问题,提高了系统的参数鲁棒性,具有很好的静态和动态性能.     

永磁同步电机无位置传感器混合控制策略

转子位置混合观测策略对于实现无传感器内置式永磁同步电机(interior permanent magnet synchronous motor,IPMSM)全速域运行非常关键。针对IPMSM无传感器矢量控制系统,提出一种由高频信号注入法与反电动势模型法的位置误差信息相融合的混合观测方法。低速运行时注入脉振高频电压信号,通过对高频电流幅值处理获得转子位置误差信号,中高速运行则通过反电动势模型滑模观测器获得位置误差信息,对两种方法所得位置误差信号进行归一化处理,并根据运行转速对归一化后的位置误差信号以加权的方式进行信息融合。通过一个软件锁相环获取混合位置观测值,并分析混合观测器的稳定性及参数设计。最后通过2.2kW IPMSM无传感器矢量控制系统验证了控制策略的有效性。     

基于准滑模观测器的PMSM无位置传感器控制

针对基于传统滑模观测器的无位置传感器控制抖振大、低速估算性能差等缺点,在分析永磁同步电动机(PMSM)数学模型的基础上,引入了一种新型准滑模观测器进行转子位置估算.切换函数采用饱和函数代替开关函数,通过选择合适的边界层厚度,有效削弱了抖振;并将估算反电势的反馈值引人到观测器模型,通过选择合适的反馈系数,提高了转子位置估算的精度,并扩大了其低速下的适用范围.仿真和实验结果证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

考虑饱和效应的永磁同步电机全程无位置传感器控制

针对永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制静止和低速时位置估计困难,采用恒电流变频(I/F)起动,可在不同负载下都能顺利起动。中高速阶段采用无迹卡尔曼非线性滤波器(UKF)进行位置估计,同时考虑了磁场的饱和效应和滤波器的滞后,采用时变电感参数和滤波器滞后补偿来提高位置估计精度。并利用转矩-功角自平衡特性,完善了I/F起动到UKF无位置传感器闭环控制的过渡策略,实现电流和转速的平滑切换。实验结果说明该策略可实现全程无位置传感器控制,并且在负载、转速变化过程中,估计位置无稳态误差。     

Improvement of sensorless control performance for IPMSM by suppression of harmonic current using Fourier transform and repetitive control

In the case of the sensorless control for the PMSM that estimates position and velocity from EMF using a model of synchronous motor with the voltage and current, it is desirable for voltage and current to be perfect sine waves. However, in reality, voltage and current contain various harmonic components, which negatively affect the estimation ability of the sensorless control. In this paper, we propose a method of improving the sensorless control performance for the IPMSM by suppression of harmonic component in current control loop of the vector control using Fourier transform and repetitive control. To suppress harmonic components, compensation signals are acquired using Fourier transform and repetitive control, and feedforward control is implemented with the acquired compensation signals. To evaluate the proposed system, the sensorless control system for the IPMSM is considered as an example. The system is constructed on the basis of the extended EMF disturbance observer, and the improvement potential of the sensorless control performance is demonstrated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 76–86, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20095     

IPM同步电机扩展反电动势转子自测角研究

基于低速运行区采用高频载波注入法和高速运行区采用扩展反电动势状态观测器法相结合的思想,提出内插式永磁(Interior Permanent Magnet,简称IPM)同步电机全速范围的无传感器驱动技术.在低速运行区,高频旋转电压注入后,检测与反电动辨有关的电流响应来获得转子位置信息:在高速运行区,通过与低速运行区无传感器控制技术的平滑切换,观测两相静止坐标系中扩展反电动势来获得转子位置信息.该方法不受电机参数和低频干扰的影响,具有较强的鲁棒性,实测结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性,以此机理实现的无传感器转子位置观测器具有良好的静、动态性能.     

A Restart Control Method for Position Sensorless PMSM Drive Systems Without Potential Transformer for Railway Vehicle Traction

This paper proposes a restart control method for position sensorless PMSM drive systems without a potential transformer for railway vehicle traction. This method can estimate the initial rotor speed and position under coasting conditions over the entire speed range. The method can also be used when the back‐EMF voltage is higher than the inverter DC link voltage. The proposed method is verified by experiments using a 200‐kW PMSM.     

PMSM比例谐振自抗扰电流谐波抑制方法

基于扩展状态观测器的永磁同步电机转子位置和速度估算中,由于死区效应、电气元件误差、逆变器非线性因素会产生大量的电流谐波,影响位置和速度估计精度。本文提出一种基于比例谐振与自抗扰控制的PR-ADRC电流环控制策略,可以有效抑制dq坐标系下6次电流谐波,从而降低静止坐标系下5、7次谐波含量。基于MATLAB和HiGale平台对提出方法进行仿真和实验验证,结果表明改进后的电流环降低了三相电流谐波,估算反电动势波形良好,转子位置和速度估算误差降低,无位置传感器控制系统控制精度得到提高。