24h动态心电图最大P波时限和P波离散度对预激综合征患者消融旁道后心房颤动复发的预测效能及临床意义

目的 探讨消融旁道后心房颤动（房颤）复发的预激综合征患者24 h动态心电图最大P波时限（Pmax）、P波离散度（Pd）,并分析其对房颤复发的预测效能及临床意义。方法 选取2019年5月～2022年5月北京中医医院顺义医院52例消融旁道后房颤复发的预激综合征患者为研究组,另选同期52例消融旁道后无房颤复发的预激综合征患者为对照组。比较两组临床资料、消融前后24 h动态心电图P波参数（Pmax、Pd）及变化值（△Pmax、△Pd）。Lasso-logistic回归模型分析房颤复发的相关因素。分析消融前、消融后2 d P波参数及变化值对房颤复发的预测价值。结果 研究组年龄、病程、左心房内径、消融前房颤发作频率、消融前Pmax、Pd及消融后2 d Pmax、Pd均高于对照组[（50.26±8.13）岁比（41.31±7.65）岁、（5.29±1.18）年比（4.06±0.95）年、（42.39±4.12）mm比（32.68±3.97）mm、（5.79±1.26）次/月比（3.82±1.04）次/月、（121.57±11.68）ms比（104.95±10.24）ms、（55.36±8.73）ms...     

射频导管消融治疗青年心房颤动患者的疗效分析

目的：分析行射频导管消融治疗的青年（≤45岁）心房颤动（房颤）患者的临床特点,探讨射频导管消融治疗青年房颤患者的临床疗效。方法：回顾性收集于2017年1月至2019年1月在中国医学科学院阜外医院行射频导管消融治疗的358例房颤患者（≤60岁）的临床资料,按年龄分为青年组（≤45岁,n=94）及非青年组（45岁<年龄≤60岁,n=264）,比较两组基线临床特点并对其进行随访。手术3个月后,经心电图或动态心电图证实的房颤、心房扑动和（或）房性心动过速发作且持续时间大于30 s定义为房颤复发。结果：青年组房颤患者平均年龄为（39.7±4.8）岁,男性76例（80.9%）。青年组与非青年组相比房颤病程较短[（15.8±15.6）个月vs.(27.5±34.0)个月,P=0.001],CHA2DS2-VASc评分[（0.74±0.83）分vs.(1.19±1.07)分,P<0.001]和HAS-BLED评分[（0.40±0.54）分vs.(0.63±0.65)分,P=0.002]更低,左心房内径更小[（38.2±5.6）mm vs.(40.0±5.4)mm,P=0.006],合并心房...     

导管消融治疗持续性心房颤动伴左室功能不全的临床评价

目的评价导管消融治疗持续性心房颤动（房颤）伴左室功能不全的安全性以及临床疗效。方法心力衰竭（心衰）组为30例持续性房颤伴症状性左室功能不全（左室射血分数≤0.45）患者,对照组为年龄、性别、左房大小和房颤持续时间相匹配的60例无心衰的持续性房颤患者,均接受环肺静脉电隔离联合心房碎裂电位消融治疗房颤。比较两组导管消融手术相关参数及严重并发症发生率。对心衰组术前、术后的左房大小、左室功能及内径进行比较。结果两组病例均完成导管消融术,肺静脉隔离率分别为96.67%及98.33%（P=1.00）。两组间消融时间、X线透视时间和严重并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（202.23±39.03 min比201.87±36.80 min,P=0.97;26.80±7.77 min比27.06±7.16 min,P=0.88;3.3%比3.4%,P=1.00）。随访11±1个月,73%的心衰组患者和78%对照组患者维持窦性心律（P=0.61）,两组中分别有40%和42%患者接受再次消融。与术前相比,术后9个月心衰组患者的左室射血分数增加了7.87%±4.72%,左房内径缩小3.77±4.02 mm,左室舒张末期内径减小6.87±5.32 mm,左室收缩末期内径减小8.93±7.60 mm（P均〈0.05）;维持窦性心律者心功能改善程度高于未能维持窦性心律者。结论包括器质性心脏病者在内,对于持续性房颤合并左室功能不全的患者,环肺静脉电隔离联合心房碎裂电位消融的并发症发生率及消融成功率与无左室功能不全的患者相似。房颤合并左室功能不全的患者经导管消融治疗后,左房、室扩大程度减轻,左室射血分数可得到显著提高。     

心房颤动导管消融并发症变迁

目的分析本中心不同阶段心房颤动（房颤）导管消融并发症的发生率和演变特征。方法2004年10月至2008年12月共有2260例房颤患者在本中心接受导管消融,包括男性1265例,女性995例;阵发性房颤1449例,慢性房颤811例。消融术式为三维标测系统指引环肺静脉电隔离术,对于慢性房颤附加碎裂电位消融。分为三个时间段（2004—2006年、2007年、2008年）统计并发症发生和诊治情况。结果共发生并发症61例（占2.70%）,其中心脏压塞11例,血栓栓塞18例,肺静脉狭窄14例,血管穿刺并发症18例。2004—2006年心脏压塞5例（2例外科修补）,脑栓塞3例（1例肌力减退）,肠系膜动脉栓塞1例,肺静脉狭窄6例,血管穿刺并发症6例;2007年心脏压塞4例（2例外科修补）,脑栓塞3例（1例死亡、2例肌力减退）,肠系膜动脉栓塞1例,肺静脉狭窄4例,血管穿刺并发症5例;2008年心脏压塞2例（内科保守）,脑栓塞7例（5例肌力减退）,肠系膜动脉栓塞3例,肺静脉狭窄4例,血管穿刺并发症7例（1例血胸、1例股动静脉瘘,外科修补）。三个阶段并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（2.6%比2.6%比2.8%,P=0.93）,2008年心脏压塞发生率（0.2%）较2004—2006年阶段（0.6%）和2007年阶段（0.6%）下降,P=0.5;血栓栓塞并发症发生率（1.0%）高于2004—2006年阶段（0.5%）和2007年阶段（0.6%）,P=0.2。肺静脉狭窄和血管穿刺并发症发生率亦无显著变化。结论房颤导管消融总体安全性较好,虽然经验增加,但主要并发症并没有减少。     

体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤的危险因素分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植（on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting，ONCAB）术后新发房颤的危险因素，为ONCAB术后新发房颤的预防和治疗提供参考。方法 收集我院心脏外科2015年1月至2016年5月间357例单纯ONCAB患者的临床资料，根据术后是否发生新发房颤而分为房颤组和非房颤组。对两组患者围术期的临床参数进行统计分析，从而筛选术后新发房颤的独立危险因素。结果 ONCAB术后新发房颤的发生率为23.8%（85例）。单因素分析结果显示，年龄≥65岁（P=0.02）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病病史（P=0.03）及术前左心房内径≥38 mm（P<0.001）与ONCAB术后新发房颤相关。logistic多因素回归分析显示，年龄≥65岁(OR=1.720, P=0.039)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病病史(OR=11.924, P=0.032)及左心房内径≥38 mm(OR=2.735, P<0.001)是ONCAB术后患者发生新发房颤的独立危险因素。结论 高龄（≥65岁）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病病史及左心房内径增大（≥38 mm）与ONCAB术后新发房颤相关，是潜在的预测因子。     

导管消融治疗45岁以下心房颤动患者的随访分析

目的研究不同类型的年轻心房颤动（房颤）患者（阵发性房颤、持续性房颤和持久的持续性房颤）导管消融治疗成功率和安全性。方法收集广东省心血管病研究所年龄〈45岁,诊断为房颤并接受导管消融治疗的132例患者的临床、电生理及随访资料,应用COX比例风险模型分析初次消融和重复消融后复发的预测因子。结果患者年龄（38.0±5.6）岁,男101例,女31例,既往房颤病程2.05年;阵发性房颤91例,非阵发性房颤包括持续性房颤15例和持久的持续性房颤26例。初次消融后随访24.2个月,阵发性、持续性、持久的持续性房颤成功率分别为86.8%（79例）、66.7%（10例）、57.7%（15例）,总体成功率78.8%。复发的患者有20例（71.4%）再次消融,随访14.3月,12例（75%）维持窦性心律。阵发性、持续性、持久的持续性房颤经过重复消融后窦性心律维持率分别为93.4%（85例）、86.7%（13例）、73.1%（19例）,总体成功率88.6%。COX回归分析提示,初次消融后复发的预测因子分别是非阵发性房颤（HR=3.393,P=0.004）、左心房扩大（HR=1.066,P=0.004）、高血压病史（HR=4.203,P=0.006）和甲状腺疾病史（HR=5.280,P=0.001）;重复消融后复发的预测因子则为右心房扩大（HR=1.133,P〈0.001）和甲状腺疾病（HR=6.942,P=0.003）。无影响预后的严重并发症。结论年轻的房颤患者导管消融安全性好,成功率高。早期对年轻房颤患者进行消融治疗是合理的,但应注意心房扩大及甲状腺疾病对成功率的影响。     

心脏再同步治疗术后新发心房颤动与窦性心律的对比分析

目的 分析心脏再同步治疗（CRT）术后1年内慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者出现新发心房颤动（房颤）与保持窦性心律的疗效对比情况.方法 接受CRT治疗CHF患者54例,所有患者术前均无房颤病史,于术前和术后6、12个月进行程控随访及临床、超声心动图检查.结果 1年随访结束时,54例患者中有12例（22.2%）出现新发房颤,其余42例保持窦性心律.窦性心律组术后临床及超声心动图指标均较术前明显改善（P＜0.001）.新发房颤组术后心功能、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末内径也较术前有明显改善（P＜0.05）,但左心房内径及二尖瓣反流无明显变化.两组间比较,左心房内径在窦性心律组较新发房颤组有明显缩小的趋势（P=0.057）.亚组分析,阵发性房颤患者术后心功能、LVEF较术前改善（P＜0.05）,而持续性房颤患者术后各指标较术前均无明显变化.CRT术后新发房颤危险因素经Logistic回归显示为术前二尖瓣反流程度（P=0.046,OR=3.729）和新发房颤发生前的心房起搏比例（P=0.010,OR=1.050）.结论 CRT术后新发房颤与二尖瓣反流程度加重和心房起搏比例增高明显相关.新发阵发性房颤一般不影响CRT疗效,新发持续性房颤CRT术后疗效较差.     

不同性别行导管射频消融治疗心房颤动的有效性和安全性差异

目的：探讨不同性别的阵发性心房颤动（房颤）患者行导管射频消融有效性与安全性的差异。方法纳入我院自2009年3月~2013年1月阵发性房颤并接受射频消融患者116例，按照患者性别分为男性组（n=71）和女性组（n=45）。随访时间为（6～51）个月，随访期间根据患者症状、心电图及Holter明确房颤是否复发，复发者则再次行消融术治疗，并明确房颤复发原因。比较两组手术成功率及并发症（包括：穿刺部位血肿、心包填塞、脑栓塞、脑出血、肺静脉狭窄及左房食管瘘）发生率，并分析手术复发率与其临床特点[包括：年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、左室射血分值（LVEF）、病史及合并疾病等]的相关性。结果男性组首次手术成功率显著高于女性组（83.1%vs.66.67%，P=0.046）。女性组平均年龄较男性组更高，两组手术并发症无统计学差异。Logistic回归分析女性组复发率高（OR=3.3， P=0.049），复发原因以存在非肺静脉起源驱动灶为主，男性复发还与糖尿病相关（OR=1.99， P=0.037）。结论女性房颤患者接受射频消融治疗更晚，单次治疗成功率较低，但安全性与男性患者无差异。     

心房颤动肺静脉电隔离后肺静脉自发电位分析

目的探讨心房颤动(简称房颤)患者肺静脉电隔离后发生肺静脉自发电位的相关因素。方法153例患者,其中阵发性房颤114例,持续性或永久性房颤39例,术前行肺静脉CT血管造影并测量肺静脉最大直径,行环肺静脉消融肺静脉电隔离术,并进行肺静脉自发电位标测及其相关因素评价。结果术中,69例(45.1%)共125根肺静脉(20.1%,125/621)标测到自发电位。左上肺静脉最大径(LSPV,18.5±4.0mm)及右上肺静脉最大径(RSPV,18.7±4.2mm)均大于左下肺静脉(LIPV,15.2±3.0mm)及右下肺静脉(RIPV,16.3±3.8mm)(P均<0.001),右侧肺静脉大于左侧肺静脉(17.5±4.2mmvs16.8±3.9mm,P=0.012);有自发电位的RSPV最大径大于无自发电位的RSPV(20.0±3.8mmvs18.3±4.3mm,P=0.027)。右侧肺静脉自发电位发生率高于左侧肺静脉(25.5%vs15.1%,P=0.002),RSPV和RIPV自发电位发生率均高于LIPV(27.2%,23.8%vs11.4%,P<0.001与P=0.005)。RSPV自发电位发生率与RSPV最大径正相关(β=0.097,P<0.05)。结论肺静脉最大径越大则自发电位的发生率越高,而RSPV有无自发电位与RSPV最大径明显相关。     

心房颤动导管射频消融术逆转功能性三尖瓣反流的超声研究

目的 研究导管射频消融术对非瓣膜病性房颤患者中重度功能性三尖瓣反流的影响及逆转右心重构的作用.方法 采用前瞻性的研究方法,连续入选2010年12月至2012年6月632例非瓣膜病性房颤首次行导管射频消融手术的患者,于手术前（72 h内）进行二维超声心动检查,将伴有中重度功能性三尖瓣反流的患者作为研究对象（12例）,于手术后3个月及6个月复查二维超声心动图,对比分析手术前后超声心动图数据,从而评判导管射频消融术后维持窦性心律对功能性三尖瓣反流的影响及逆转右心重构的作用.结果 导管射频消融术后3个月和6个月右心房上下径[（54.13±6.06）mm比（49.72±5.96）mm,P=0.001;（54.13±6.06）mm比（48.37±5.53）mm,P=0.001]、右心房左右径[（39.29±6.38）mm比（35.09±3.15）mm,P=-0.023;（39.29±6.38）mm比（33.86±2.97）mm,P=0.014]、右心室基底部横径[（34.65±4.51）mm比（32.58±3.93）mm,P=0.033;（34.65±4.51）mm比（31.40±3.59）mm,P=0.043]、三尖瓣反流面积[（7.30±1.37）mm^2比（3.18±2.10）mm^2,P=0.001;（7.30±1.37）mm^2比（1.52±1.92）mm^2,P=0.001]均有所减少,差异有统计学意义.结论 导管射频消融术可以改善非瓣膜病性房颤患者功能性三尖瓣反流的程度,逆转右心重构,疗效确切.     

Characteristics and significance of very early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation

Very Early Recurrence of AF. Introduction: Early restoration of sinus rhythm following ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) facilitates reverse atrial remodeling and improves the long‐term outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors and outcome in patients with very early AF recurrences (< 2 days). Methods and Results: Ablation was performed in 339 consecutive AF patients (paroxysmal AF = 262). Biatrial voltage was mapped during sinus rhythm. If recurrent AF occurred within 2 days following the ablation, electrical cardioversion was performed to restore sinus rhythm. Very early recurrences of AF occurred in 39 (15%) patients with paroxysmal AF and 26 (34%) with nonparoxysmal AF. Patients with very early recurrence had a higher incidence of nonparoxysmal AF (40% vs 18.6%, P< 0.001), requirement of electrical cardioversion during procedure, larger left atrial (LA) diameter (43 ± 7 vs 39 ± 6 mm, P< 0.001), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (54 ± 10% vs 59 ± 7, P< 0.001), longer procedural time, and lower LA voltage (1.5 ± 0.7 vs 1.9 ± 0.8 mV, P< 0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that the independent predictors of a very early recurrence were a longer procedural time and lower LA voltage. During a follow‐up of 13 ± 5 months, a very early recurrence did not predict the long‐term outcome of a single procedure recurrence in the patients with paroxysmal AF, but was associated with a late recurrence in the nonparoxysmal AF patients. Conclusion: Very early recurrence occurred in patients with paroxysmal AF is not associated with long‐term recurrence. Nonparoxysmal AF is an independent predictor of late recurrence of AF in patients with very early recurrence. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. pp. 1‐6)     

The different mechanisms between late and very late recurrences of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing a repeated catheter ablation

Introduction: The mechanisms of late (<1 year after the ablation) and very late (>1 year after the ablation) recurrences of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation have not been reported.
Methods and Results: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing a repeated electrophysiologic study to investigate the recurrence of paroxysmal AF after the first ablation were included. Group 1 consisted of 12 patients with very late (26 ± 13 months) and group 2 consisted of 38 patients with late (3 ± 3 months) recurrence of paroxysmal AF. In the baseline study, group 1 had a lower incidence of AF foci from the pulmonary veins (PVs) (67% vs 92%, P = 0.048) and a higher incidence of AF foci from the right atrium (50% vs 13%, P = 0.014) than group 2. In the repeated study, group 1 had a higher incidence of AF foci from the right atrium (67% vs 3%, P < 0.001) and a lower incidence of AF foci from the left atrium (50% vs 97%, P < 0.001), including a lower incidence of AF foci from the PVs (50% vs 79%, P = 0.07) and from the left atrial free wall (0% vs 29%, P = 0.046) than group 2. Furthermore, most of these AF foci (64% of group 1, 65% of group 2) were from the previously targeted foci.
Conclusion: The right atrial foci played an important role in the very late recurrence of AF, whereas the left atrial foci (the majority were PVs) were the major origin of the late recurrence of AF after the catheter ablation of paroxysmal AF.     

Safety and efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus—single center experience

Background and objective Little is known about the outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation of AF in patients with DM. Materials and methods Thirty one patients with DM from a group of 263 consecutive patients undergoing a first-time catheter ablation of AF procedure were enrolled in a prospective study. The ablation protocol (guided by CARTO system) consisted in two continuous circular lesions around ipsilateral pulmonary veins. Results The following clinical characteristics differed between DM and no-DM patients: age (62.0 ± 10.8 vs. 56.1 ± 10.6 years, P = 0.004), longer AF history (9.6 ± 9.3 vs. 6.7 ± 6.3 years, P = 0.024), significantly larger left atrium size (41.1 ± 7.8 vs. 38.3 ± 5.8 mm, P = 0.021), hypertension (58.1 vs. 35.8%, P = 0.018) and structural heart disease (67.7 vs. 43.5%, P = 0.011). Despite a similar AF recurrence rate in DM and no-DM patients (32.3 vs. 22.4%, P = 0.240), the ablation procedure was complicated in 28 patients (11 hematomas, three cardiac tamponades and three strokes) and the incidence of complications was significantly higher in DM than in no-DM patients (29.0 vs. 8.2%, respectively, P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that DM was an independent risk factor for complications occurrence (odd ratio 5.936, 95% confidence interval 2.059 to 17.112, P = 0.001). Conclusions First catheter ablation of AF procedure in DM patients was equally efficacious than in no-DM patients. However, DM patients had a higher incidence of complications, mostly thrombotic or hemorrhagic.     

心房颤动消融术中合并室上性心动过速的相关性研究

目的对心房颤动(房颤)消融术中合并阵发性室上性心动过速(室上速)的患者进行特征性分析。方法回顾性选取2016年1月至2018年6月浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院庆春院区心内科所有接受房颤消融术的患者(1484例),依据术中是否合并室上速分为合并室上速组和未合并室上速组,分析性别、年龄、房颤类型是否与房颤消融术中合并室上速的关系。同时,以年龄50岁和65岁为界点,再次进行分层分析。术中合并室上速组患者明确机制后同时行慢径改良或旁路消融,进行长期随访。结果房颤消融术中合并室上速共41例(41/1484,2.76%)。其中,合并房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)29例,合并房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)12例。女性房颤组合并室上速(25/505)明显高于男性组(16/979,4.95%对1.63%,P<0.001);≤50岁房颤组合并室上速(8/133)的患者明显高于>50岁组(33/1351,6.02%对2.44%,P=0.016);阵发性房颤组合并室上速(29/741)的患者明显高于持续性房颤组(12/743,3.91%对62%,P=0.007)。Logistic回归分析显示女性、≤50岁、阵发性房颤是房颤消融术中合并室上速患者的高危因素(女性:OR=0.292,95%CI 0.151~0.565,P<0.050;≤50岁:OR=0.301,95%CI 0.131~0.689,P=0.004;阵发性房颤:OR=0.456,95%CI 0.230~0.906,P=0.025)。结论房颤消融术中患者应同时行电生理检查排除室上速,尤其是年龄较轻的女性阵发性房颤患者。     

血清醛固酮水平对持续性心房颤动患者首次导管消融术后复发的预测价值

目的探讨血清醛固酮水平对持续性心房颤动患者首次导管消融术后复发的预测价值。方法连续选取2018-10~2019-09于阜阳市人民医院首次接受导管消融治疗的持续性房颤患者51例。房颤复发的定义为消融3个月后发生持续时间≥30 s的房颤、房扑、房速。术后随访1年,根据随访结果分为复发组与未复发组,分析相关因素在房颤复发中的预测价值。结果术后1年共19例(37.3%)患者复发。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,持续性房颤患者术前血清醛固酮水平是消融术后复发的独立预测因素(OR=1.037,95%CI:1.011~1.064,P=0.005)。ROC曲线结果显示,醛固酮水平预测导管消融术后房颤复发的曲线下面积为0.752(95%CI:0.611~0.862,P<0.001),术前血清醛固酮水平诊断复发的最佳截断值为136.43 ng/dl。结论持续性房颤导管消融患者术前的血清醛固酮水平与术后复发密切相关,可作为预测房颤复发的指标。     

电解剖标测和磁共振影像融合技术指导导管消融心房颤动的有效性研究

目的探讨三维电解剖标测（CARTO）系统重建图像和预先取得的磁共振影像融合后指导心房颤动（房颤）导管消融的有效性。方法从2005年9月至2006年9月对连续100例药物治疗无效的房颤患者行导管消融治疗,基本策略均为在CARTO系统指导下进行环肺静脉线性消融并实现电学隔离。随机分为2组,每组50例。第1组为术前配准组,在消融开始前即进行影像配准并融合,并在此融合影像指导下进行导管消融,消融结束后进行再次融合;第2组为术后配准组,在单纯CARTO技术指导下消融,消融结束后才进行影像配准并融合。最后比较两组的消融结果并评估消融过程中的差异。结果环肺静脉消融结束后,第1组左心房三维磁共振表面重建影像至电解剖标测图像各点平均距离为（1．6±0．7）mm,消融线上平均标记位点（75±27）个,平均X线透视时间（31±21）min;第2组的上述指标分别为（2．1±1．3）mm、（98±38）个、（55±29）min。以上组间比较差异都有统计学意义。将实际消融线与预定消融线比较,第2组中有组间差异的偏差区域分别是左侧肺静脉前庭顶部（15例）、底部（11例）、前下缘（23例）、前上缘（24例）和右侧肺静脉前庭后上缘（12例）、底部（10例）、前下缘（15例）。结论影像融合技术指导导管消融可提高准确性,并可减少X线透视时间及消融点数。     

大动脉僵硬度对不良心血管事件的预测价值

目的探讨多种无创性动脉僵硬度(AS)指标对不良心血管事件发生的预测价值。方法选择有冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)危险因素并行冠状动脉造影患者198例,根据脉搏波中心动脉脉压(CPP)是否持续>45mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),分为AS增高组87例和对照组111例,随访、比较2组心血管不良事件发生率,Cox回归分析与心血管病不良预后相关的独立因素。结果与对照组比较,AS增高组收缩压、舒张压明显升高(P<0.01)。在随访(52±12)个月,发生终点事件42例,其中主要终点20例,次要终点22例。AS增高组主要终点事件和所有终点事件发生率较对照组明显升高(18.4%vs 3.6%,33.3%vs 11.7%,P=0.001)。Cox回归分析结果显示,CPP>45mm Hg(RR=3.86,95%CI:1.89⁷.87,P=0.001)、颈总动脉斑块程度(RR=2.17,95%CI:1.387.87,P=0.001)、颈总动脉斑块程度(RR=2.17,95%CI:1.38³.41,P=0.001)、冠状动脉病变程度(RR=1.70,95%CI:1.243.41,P=0.001)、冠状动脉病变程度(RR=1.70,95%CI:1.24².34,P=0.001)和脑血管病史(RR=3.26,95%CI:1.412.34,P=0.001)和脑血管病史(RR=3.26,95%CI:1.41⁷.52,P=0.007)是与心血管预后相关的影响因素。结论 CPP>45mm Hg和颈总动脉粥样硬化斑块程度均是不良心血管事件的预测因素。综合应用多种无创性AS指标对评估心血管病预后和指导三级预防具有重要的临床意义。     

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation versus atrioventricular junction ablation plus pacing therapy for elderly patients with medically refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become another nonpharmacologic therapeutic option for medically refractory paroxysmal AF. Whether this method is better than atrioventricular (AV) junction ablation plus pacing therapy is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the very long-term (longer than 4 years) clinical outcomes of the 2 methods in elderly patients (>65 years old) with medically refractory paroxysmal AF. METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2001, 71 elderly patients with medically refractory paroxysmal AF were included; group 1 included 32 patients with successful AV junction ablation plus pacing therapy and group 2, 37 patients with successful catheter ablation of AF. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of more than 52 months, the AF was better controlled in the group 1 patients than group 2 (100% vs 81%, P = 0.013), however, they had a significantly higher incidence of persistent AF (69% vs 8%, P < 0.001) and heart failure (53% vs 24%, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the incidence of ischemic stroke and cardiac death was similar between the 2 groups. Compared with the preablation values, a significant increase in the NYHA functional class (1.7 +/- 0.9 vs 1.4 +/- 0.7, P = 0.01) and significant decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (44 +/- 8% vs 51 +/- 10%, P = 0.01) were noted in the group 1 patients, but not in the group 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although AV junction ablation plus pacing therapy better controlled the AF in elderly patients with medically refractory paroxysmal AF, that method was associated with a higher incidence of persistent AF and heart failure than catheter ablation of AF in the very long-term follow-up.     

Characteristics of the Cavotricuspid Isthmus in Predicting Recurrent Conduction in the Long-Term Follow-Up

Background: The characteristics of cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter that may predict recurrence of flutter is not known. We aimed to investigate the CTI characteristics in patients who underwent a second ablation procedure for recurrent AF after previous combined pulmonary vein (PV) and CTI ablation.
Methods: Among 196 consecutive patients with drug-refractory symptomatic AF who underwent PV isolation and CTI ablation with bidirectional isthmus block, 49 patients (age 50 ± 12 years, 43 males) had recurrent AF and received a second procedure 291 ± 241 days after the first procedure. Right atrial angiography for the evaluation of the CTI morphology, and the biatrial contact bipolar electrograms were obtained before both procedures.
Results: In the second procedure, 11 (group 1) of the 49 patients demonstrated recovered CTI conduction. Compared with the patients without CTI conduction (group 2, n = 38), group 1 patients had a higher frequency of a pouch-type anatomy (82% vs 13%, P < 0.001), longer CTI (34.0 ± 8.6 vs 25.5 ± 7.5 mm, P = 0.01), longer ablation time, and larger number of radiofrequency applications; furthermore, the preablation bipolar voltage decreased along both the CTI and ablation line in group 2, whereas it remained similar in group 1 in the second procedure.
Conclusions: A high (22%) percentage of CTIs exhibited recurrent conduction in the long-term follow-up. The CTIs with recurrent conduction had a higher incidence of a pouch and longer length compared with those without recurrent conduction.