角燕制剂对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

目的观察角燕提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法采用盐溶液提取、有机溶剂分级沉淀等步骤 ,从角燕的有效部位中制备得到角燕制剂 ,用不同剂量的制剂给小鼠灌胃 ,观察其对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。结果角燕制剂能显著提高小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数 ,促进淋巴细胞转化 ,增强小鼠NK细胞杀伤活性及腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性。结论角燕制剂能明显提高机体的免疫功能 ,提示也是其抑瘤作用机制之一     

复方灵芝胶囊对小鼠的免疫调节作用

目的探讨复方灵芝胶囊(FFLZc)的免疫调节作用。方法测定小鼠的脾指数、胸腺指数、廓清指数、吞噬指数、血清溶血值、左右耳片重量差、NK细胞活性。结果复方灵芝胶囊中剂量(生药量4.500 g.kg-1)能显著提高免疫低下小鼠的血清溶血值;复方灵芝胶囊高剂量(生药量9.000 g.kg-1)能显著提高免疫低下小鼠的胸腺指数、左右耳片重量差、NK细胞活性;复方灵芝胶囊中高剂量均能提高免疫低下小鼠的廓清指数。结论复方灵芝胶囊能够提高免疫低下小鼠的胸腺指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、T细胞和NK细胞活性及体液免疫功能。     

番灵胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

目的研究番灵胶囊对CKF1(BALB/c×KM)小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法采用经口灌胃分别给予80、160和480 mg/kg·bw的番灵胶囊30 d后,观察其体重,测定其免疫器官指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、小鼠迟发型变态反应,血清溶血素、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)活性、抗体生成细胞水平及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的变化。结果 480 mg/kg·bw组可增强脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、提高抗体生成细胞水平、提高小鼠NK细胞和巨噬细胞吞噬活性;160和480 mg/kg·bw组可增加小鼠血清半数溶血值。结论在本试验条件下,番灵胶囊在480 mg/kg·bw剂量下有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

生姜对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的:了解生姜对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:①PFC法检测小鼠脾细胞抗体生成水平;②常规法检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性;③3H-T dR摄入法检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞细胞毒活性;④乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法检测小鼠脾脏NK细胞杀伤活性。结果:与空白对照组比较,在有效剂量范围内,生姜能促进脾细胞抗体的生成,能增加小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性及细胞毒活性,能增强NK细胞杀伤活性。结论:生姜具有调节机体免疫功能的作用。     

番灵胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用北大核心CSCD

目的研究番灵胶囊对CKF1(BALB/c×KM)小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法采用经口灌胃分别给予80、160和480 mg/kg·bw的番灵胶囊30 d后,观察其体重,测定其免疫器官指数、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、小鼠迟发型变态反应,血清溶血素、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)活性、抗体生成细胞水平及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的变化。结果 480 mg/kg·bw组可增强脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、提高抗体生成细胞水平、提高小鼠NK细胞和巨噬细胞吞噬活性;160和480 mg/kg·bw组可增加小鼠血清半数溶血值。结论在本试验条件下,番灵胶囊在480 mg/kg·bw剂量下有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

红色无硫菌对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察红色无硫菌对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法不同剂量红色无硫菌给小鼠灌胃4w后检测:1.脾淋巴细胞转化活性(MTT法);2.巨噬细胞吞噬能力(半体内法);3.半数溶血素值(HC50);4.NK细胞活性(LDH法)。结果剂量灌胃不同剂量的红色无硫菌均能不同程度地提高脾淋巴细胞转化活性;增强巨噬细胞吞噬能力;升高半数溶血素值,提高NK细胞活力。结论红色无硫菌有增强机体细胞免疫和体液免疫作用。     

甲壳胺胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨甲壳胺胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法免疫实验采用0.045、0.45、1.35g/kg剂量的甲壳胺胶囊,小鼠经口灌胃30d,分别测定免疫器官脏器/体质量比值、半数溶血值、抗体生成细胞数、ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应和碳廓清实验、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、NK细胞活性。结果与阴性对照组比较,1.35g/kg剂量能提高小鼠的半数溶血值(HC50)、小鼠抗体生成细胞数,1.35、0.45g/kg剂量能增强小鼠的迟发型变态反应能力。3个剂量对小鼠体质量增长、胸腺体质量比值、脾脏体质量比值、小鼠单核-巨噬细胞碳廓清能力、Co-nA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力、NK细胞活性均无影响。结论甲壳胺胶囊有增强免疫力的作用。     

玛咖和西洋参皂苷合用对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨玛咖(Lepidium meyenii.)干粉与西洋参总皂苷粉合用对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法90只小鼠进行刀豆素A(ConA)诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验和NK细胞活性测定;另90只小鼠进行小鼠半数溶血值(HC50)测定和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验.实验设6组合用物低、中、高剂量(0.02,0.2和1 g·kg-1·d-1,玛咖根干粉和西洋参总皂苷粉按照质量比937进行均匀混合)组、单一玛咖(0.93 g·kg-1·d-1)组、单一皂苷组(0.07 g·kg-1·d-1)和阴性对照(蒸馏水)组,每组15只.各组每日灌胃一次,每次20 mL·kg,连续30 d后测定各项指标.结果与对照组比较,合用物组显著提高ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖能力,增加HC50值,增强小鼠巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,并显著增加NK细胞活性.其作用优于单一玛咖组和单一皂苷组.结论玛咖干粉与西洋参总皂苷粉合用能增强小鼠的免疫功能.     

孔石莼多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察孔石莼多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法应用水煮醇沉法从海洋生物孔石莼中获得孔石莼多糖,观察孔石莼多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。结果200 mg/(kg.d)孔石莼多糖能明显促进小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数。100,200 mg/(kg.d)剂量能显著促进ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力,增强小鼠的迟发性超敏反应,提高小鼠的血清溶血素水平,增强小鼠的碳廓清能力,提高小鼠NK细胞的杀伤活性。结论孔石莼多糖能明显调节机体的细胞免疫与体液免疫功能,促进NK细胞的杀伤活性及巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。     

短葶山麦冬多糖对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能的影响

目的研究短葶山麦冬多糖(LMP)对环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠的影响。方法应用环磷酰胺建立免疫低下小鼠模型,连续21天灌胃给予不同剂量(0.5、1.0、2.0g·kg-1)LMP后,测定小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率、血清溶血素、细胞因子IL-2、TNF-α、IL-6含量、脾淋巴细胞增殖、NK细胞活性等免疫指标。结果 LMP能升高免疫低下小鼠胸脏指数,明显增加小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率,增加血清溶血素和细胞因子(IL-2、TNF-α)含量,同时能明显提高脾淋巴细胞增殖能力和NK细胞活性。结论 LMP能够增强免疫抑制小鼠机体免疫功能。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.